The Clinical Significance of Real-Time 3-D Transperineal Ultrasound in the Treatment of Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Using a Combined Magnetic and Electrical Repair Approach.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical significance of using real-time three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in conjunction with a combined magnetic and electrical repair approach for the treatment of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods: Ninety patients with postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction were included and randomly assigned to the control or the observation group. The control group received Kegel pelvic floor rehabilitation training, while the observation group underwent real-time three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound examination, along with the training. Following assessment tools were used: Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) assessed pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and function; Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) questionnaire assessed the distress and discomfort reported by patients concerning symptoms of genital prolapse, anal colorectal symptoms, and urinary symptoms; Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) measured the impact of urinary, colorectal-anal, and genital prolapse symptoms on patients' activities, relationships, and feeling; and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) was utilized to assess urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and their impact on an individual's quality of life (QoL). It was developed by an international committee of experts in the field of incontinence research and is available in multiple languages. ICIQ-UI Short Form focuses on the symptoms of urinary incontinence. It assesses the type, frequency, and amount of urine leakage, as well as the impact of UI on daily activities, such as work, social interactions, and emotional well-being. It also includes questions about the use of protective pads or aids. Results: The results showed significant improvements in pelvic floor muscle strength, symptom distress, and impact on activities, relationships, and feelings in the observation group compared to the control group. The MOS scores significantly increased in the observation group (P < .001), indicating improved PFM strength. The PFDI-20 scores significantly decreased in the observation group (P < .001), indicating reduced distress related to pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms. The PFIQ-7 scores also showed significant improvements in the observation group, indicating reduced impact on activities, relationships, and feelings. The ICIQ scores significantly decreased in the observation group, indicating reduced severity of UI symptoms and improved QoL. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that this innovative therapeutic strategy can be a potentially effective therapeutic option for postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction and has prospects for clinical implementation.

Network Analysis of Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Sexual Minority Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intra-Group Perspective.

The prevalence of depression among sexual minority women is a significant concern, yet no prior research has conducted a network analysis of depressive symptoms in this population. This is the first study to address this gap by examining the network structure of depressive symptoms in Chinese sexual minority women during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering both sexual orientation and gender expression as part of an intra-group perspective. 1420 Chinese sexual minority women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Symptoms (CES-D). Network analysis was employed to calculate edge and centrality measures, and the network structures of lesbians and bisexual women were compared based on sexual orientation and of femme, androgyny, and butch based on gender expression. Network analysis revealed that the core depressive symptoms of Chinese sexual minority women are "Felt depressed," "Fatigue," "Sad," and "Failure." Although no significant differences were found in the network structure and global strength of depressive symptoms between different sexual orientations and gender expressions, there were significant differences in the core symptoms. This study suggests the unique associations between depressive symptoms and social and historical contexts among sexual minority women and emphasizes the importance of considering these differences when providing targeted mental health interventions.

Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 Alleviates Influenza Virus Infection by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Enhancing Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production.

Influenza, a severe respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, has long been a prominent threat to human health. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that oral administration with probiotics may increase the immune response to lung infection via the gut-lung axis leading to the alleviation of the pulmonary disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 (MIANGUAN2) on influenza infection in a mouse model. Our results showed that oral administration of MIANGUAN2 significantly improved weight loss, lung index, and lung pathology, and decreased lung viral load of influenza-infected mice. Additionally, MIANGUAN2-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IFN-γ, and IL-12p70 and higher production of IL-4 in the lung. In accordance with this, the transcriptome analysis of the lung indicated that MIANGUAN2-treated mice had reduced expression of inflammation markers, such as TNF, apoptosis, and the NF-Kappa B pathway. Furthermore, the administration of MIANGUAN2 restored the SCFAs profiles through regulating the gut microbiota. SCFA-producing bacteria, such as p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, and f_Ruminococcaceae, were enriched in the MIANGUAN2-treated group compared with PBS-treated group. Consistently, the concentrations of SCFAs in the MIANGUAN2 group were significantly higher than those in the PBS-treated group. In addition, the concentrations of SCFAs were positively correlated with SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, while being negatively correlated with the virial titers and proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, this animal study suggests that Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 may alleviate the influenza infection by altering the gut microbiota composition and increasing the levels of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs.

Global prevalence of major depressive disorder in LGBTQ+ samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

BACKGROUND: LGBTQ+ populations have been reported to have higher rates of depression compared with their heterosexual peers. Such data provided us the impetus to conduct a meta-analysis on the worldwide prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in LGBTQ+ populations and moderating factors that contributed to differences in prevalence estimates between studies. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in major international (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE) and Chinese (Chinese Nation Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG) databases from dates of inception to 10 December 2021. RESULTS: 48 articles comprising 4,616,903 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MDD was 32.2 % (95%CI: 30.8-33.6 %, I2 = 99.6 %, τ2 = 0.284). MDD prevalence was higher in the LGBTQ+ samples from the United States than other countries, though the difference was not significant in moderator analyses. Moderator analyses indicated point and lifetime prevalence of MDD were significantly higher than estimates based on the past year (Q = 6.270, p = 0.043). Furthermore, studies that relied on convenience sampling had a higher prevalence of MDD than those based on other sampling methods (Q = 8.159, p = 0.017). In meta-regression analyses, mean age (B = 0.03, z = 9.54, p < 0.001) and study quality assessment score (B = 0.24, z = 67.64, p < 0.001) were positively associated with pooled prevalence of MDD while mediation data of year of study (B = -0.08, z = -72.55, p < 0.001) and sample size (B = -1.46, z = -37.83, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with pooled prevalence of MDD in LGBTQ+ samples. CONCLUSIONS: MDD is common among in LGBTQ+ individuals. Considering the negative consequences MDD has on daily life and well-being, appropriate prevention and treatment measures should be provided to vulnerable members of these populations. The findings of this meta-analysis could facilitate identifying at-risk subgroups, developing relevant health policy for LGBTQ+ individuals and allocating health resources from an intersectionality perspective.

Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE modulate anti-viral function of dendritic cells in mice.

GUANKE is a Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from the feces of healthy volunteer. We have previously shown that GUANKE enhances the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and prolongs the duration of vaccine protection by upregulating the IFN pathway and T and B lymphocyte functions of the host. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE in the influenza (A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34) infection mouse model. In our experiment, oral administration of GUANKE significantly decreased viral load and increased tight junction proteins expression in lung tissues of influenza-infected mice. After GUANKE was co-cultured with mBMDCs in vitro, mBMDCs' maturity and antiviral ability were enhanced, and matured mBMDCs induced polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells into T helper (Th) 1 cells. Adoptive transfer of GUANKE-treated mBMDCs could protect mice from influenza infections. This study suggests that oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE could provide protection against influenza infection in mice, and this protective effect may be mediated, at least in part, by dendritic cells.

Lactococcus cremoris D2022 alleviates hyperuricemia and suppresses renal inflammation via potential gut-kidney axis.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a widespread metabolic disorder. Probiotics have drawn increasing attention as an adjunctive treatment with fewer side effects. However, thus far the effective strains are limited and the mechanisms for their serum uric acid (SUA)-lowering effect are not well understood. Along this line, we conducted the current study using a hyperuricemia mouse model induced by potassium oxonate and adenine. A novel strain of Lactococcus cremoris named D2022 was identified to have significant SUA-lowering capability. Lactococcus cremoris D2022 significantly reduced SUA levels by inhibiting uric acid synthesis and regulating uric acid transportation. It was also found that Lactococcus cremoris D2022 alleviated HUA-induced renal inflammatory injury involving multiple signaling pathways. By focusing on the expression of NLRP3-related inflammatory genes, we found correlations between the expression levels of these genes and free fatty acid receptors (FFARs). In addition, oral administration of Lactococcus cremoris D2022 increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal samples, which may be one of the mechanisms by which oral probiotics alleviate renal inflammation. Serum untargeted metabolomics showed changes in a variety of serum metabolites associated with purine metabolism and inflammation after oral administration of Lactococcus cremoris D2022, further confirming its systemic bioactivity. Finally, it was proved that Lactococcus cremoris D2022 improved intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, Lactococcus cremoris D2022 can alleviate HUA and HUA-induced nephropathy by increasing the production of SCFAs in the gut and systemic metabolism.

Physical exercise frequency and cognition: a multicenter cross-sectional cohort study.

Background and aims: Dementia imposes a heavy burden on society and families, therefore, effective drug treatments, exploring and preventing factors associated with dementia, are paramount. To provide reference points for the best frequency of physical exercise (physical exercise), we investigated the association between frequency of PE and cognition in Chinese old adults. Methods: 16,181 Chinese participants aged 65 years or older were included in this study. Associations between PE and cognition were estimated multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Associations were further investigated across dementia subtypes (Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia). Subgroup analyses were performed in different age groups, in populations with and without stroke, and those with and without hypertension. Results: PE associated with dementia after adjusting for full covariates (OR: 0.5414, 95% CI: 0.4536-0.6491, p < 0.001). Exercise performed at ≥3 times/week associated with lower risk of dementia (OR: 0.4794-0.6619, all p value <0.001). PE was associated with improved cognition (ß: 12851, p < 0.001), and any PE frequency contributed to cognitive improvement (p values for exercise performed ≥1 time/week were <0.001). Similar conclusions were identified when we repeated analyses in different dementia subtypes and age groups. Subgroup analyses suggested that the cognition of individuals without hypertension also benefitted from exercising 1-2 times/week (OR: 0.6168, 95% CI: 0.4379-0.8668, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The best exercise frequency is exercising ≥3 times/week for individuals from different dementia subtypes and age groups. While for those without hypertension, PE at 1-2 times /week is also beneficial.

Interplay among attention, appraisal, and memory bias in provisional posttraumatic stress disorder: Exploring the combined cognitive biases hypothesis.

OBJECTIVE: Both theoretical and empirical studies suggest that negative cognitive biases significantly influence the onset and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, the interplay among these cognitive biases and their conjoint contribution to the long-term trajectory of posttraumatic stress symptoms remains underexplored. This study delves into the interplay among attention, appraisal, and memory biases within a provisional PTSD population and evaluates the predictive effects of two integrative models (weakest link, additive approach) on posttraumatic stress symptoms reported 2 months later. METHOD: Sixty Chinese participants (Mage = 20.17, SDage = 2.11) with provisional PTSD undertook the scrambled sentences test (appraisal bias) with their eye movements recorded (attention bias) and then the free recall task (memory bias). Posttraumatic stress symptom was assessed at baseline and 2-month follow-up. RESULTS: Selective attention bias toward negative words was positively associated with the negative appraisal of scrambled sentences, which subsequently showed a strong association with negative memory bias. Regarding the progression of posttraumatic stress symptoms, the additive approach was found to be a more reliable predictor of self-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms at 2 months than the weak link approach. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial evidence supporting the combined cognitive biases hypothesis in provisional PTSD. It also underscores potential avenues to enhance cognitive bias modification techniques. Replication of these findings in broader clinical samples is essential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN Enhances the Immune Response to Vaccination in Mice.

Increasing evidence shows that some probiotics can improve vaccine responses as adjuvants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN (PPM) on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immune response in mice. Six-week-old female ICR mice were primed and boosted with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intramuscularly at weeks 0 and 4, respectively. Mice were gavaged with PPM (5 × 109 CFU/mouse) or PBS (control) for 3 days immediately after boosting vaccination. Compared to the control, oral PPM administration resulted in significantly higher levels of RBD-specific IgG binding antibodies (> 2.3-fold) and RBD-specific IgG1 binding antibodies (> 4-fold) in the serum. Additionally, PPM-treated mice had higher titers of RBD-specific IgG binding antibodies (> 2.29-fold) and neutralization antibodies (> 1.6-fold) in the lung compared to the control mice. The transcriptional analyses showed that the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway was upregulated in both splenocytes and BAL cells in the PPM group vs. the control group. In addition, the number of IFN-γ-producing splenocytes (mainly in CD4 + T cells as determined by flow cytometry) in response to restimulation of RBD peptides was significantly increased in the PPM group. RNA sequencing showed that the genes associated with T cell activation and maturation and MHC class II pathway (CD4, H2-DMa, H2-DMb1, H2-Oa, Ctss) were upregulated, suggesting that oral administration of PPM may enhance CD4 + T cell responses through MHC class II pathway. Furthermore, PPM administration could downregulate the expression level of proinflammatory genes. To conclude, oral administration of PPM could boost SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy through enhancing the specific humoral and cellular immunity response and decrease the expression of inflammation pathways.

Efficacy and acceptability of mobile application-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in China: A randomized controlled trial.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its extensive effects, the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is rapidly increasing in China. This research aimed to assess the efficacy and acceptability of a mobile application delivering Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in reducing PTSD symptoms. 221 Chinese individuals with elevated PTSD symptoms were randomly assigned to app-delivered ACT (ACT condition), app-delivered mindfulness (MI condition), or a waitlist (WL condition). Assessments were performed pre- and post-intervention. The results showed that participants in both the ACT and MI groups had significantly greater improvements across mental health outcomes compared to the WL group. No significant differences were observed between the ACT and MI groups except for psychological flexibility, which improved more in ACT than MI (d = -0.37). Compared to WL, the ACT group showed a greater improvement in PTSD symptoms (d = -0.79), anxiety (d = -0.62), depression (d = -0.51), posttraumatic growth (d = 0.46), and psychological flexibility (d = 0.76). The drop-out rates in the ACT and MI were 25.76% and 39.71%, respectively. Participants in the ACT condition reported medium program satisfaction. The study suggests app-delivered ACT is efficacious in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving overall mental health among Chinese adults.

Pulsatillae radix extract alleviates DSS-induced colitis via modulating gut microbiota and inflammatory signaling pathway in mice.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing intestinal disease with complex pathogenesis. The increasing morbidity and mortality of UC become a global public health threat. Baitouweng decoction (BD), a formulated prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been applied to cure UC for many centuries. However, the therapeutic efficacy and working mechanisms of this medicine are not well studied. Aim of study: In this study we determined whether Pulsatillae radix, one of four ingredients in BD, had a therapeutic effect on colitis. And explore the underlying mechanism of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel radix in the improvement of DSS-induced colitis in mice model. Methods: The active compounds of Pulsatilla chinensis was identified by UPLC. The composition of the mice's cecum microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. And gene expression profile of colon was detected by transcriptome. Results: The results showed that Pulsatillae radix significantly improved the clinical symptom, prevented the shorten of colon length, and decreased the diseased activity index (DAI) in an 3 % DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. We found that Pulsatillae radix reversed the dysbiosis of gut microbiota as evidenced by increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, and Proteobacteria phyla and decrease in Firmicutes, as well as by decrease in the genera levels of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Mucispirillum, Coprococcus, Oscillospira, and Escherichia. The results of transcriptome showed Pulsatillae radix administration led to 128 genes up-regulation, and 122 genes down-regulation, up-regulate NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, down-regulate Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. Conclusion: in this study, we demonstrate Pulsatillae radix alleviates DSS-induced colitis probably via modulating gut microbiota and inflammatory signaling pathway in DSS-induced colitis mouse model.

Outcome expectations and working alliance may be more important for patients from rural areas during the transition to college life: An exploratory within-patient analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Research has given limited attention to the distinction between patients from rural and urban areas, especially concerning the frequent overlap between rural living and low socio-economic status (SES). To shed more light on this, we explored the differential treatment processes between patients from rural and urban areas. METHOD: Seven hundred and fourteen patients recruited from a university counseling center in China filled out the questionnaires for Outcome Expectation (OE), Session Alliance Inventory (SAI) and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) each session. Data was analyzed using the disaggregated cross-lagged panel model and the asymmetric fixed-effect model. RESULTS: The findings indicated a reciprocal within-patient relation between OE and SAI for the whole sample. SAI mediated the effect of OE on next-session CORE-OM for patients from rural areas, with a significantly greater indirect effect than for patients from the urban areas. Asymmetric effects were found for OE among patients from urban areas, for whom drops in OE predicted worse next-session CORE-OM more strongly than improvements in OE predicted improved CORE-OM. CONCLUSION: This study provided preliminary evidence for differential OE-alliance-outcome predictions between patients with different SES and affirmed a reciprocal OE-alliance relation in a Chinese sample during the transition period of college.

Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GUANKE on Diphenoxylate-Induced Slow Transit Constipation and Gut Microbiota in Mice.

Slow transit constipation (STC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition with slow transit, and some probiotics can effectively relieve constipation, but the exact mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, we evaluate the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GUANKE (GUANKE) on diphenoxylate-induced slow transit constipation and speculate on the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Administration of L. plantarum GUANKE alleviated constipation indexes, including defecation time, fecal output and water content, and gastrointestinal transit ratio. In addition, GUANKE restored the protein expression of constipation-related intestinal factors (aquaporins (AQPs) and interstitial Cajal cells (ICCs)) in colon tissues measured using immunofluorescence staining; regulated the neurotransmitters and hormones, such as increased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P, and motilin; and decreased levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide in serum, as measured by an ELISA. 16S rRNA and correlation analysis of feces indicated that GUANKE administration effectively reduced constipation-induced Prevotella enrichment and suggested a potential contribution of Prevotella to diphenoxylate-induced STC in mice. GUANKE had no effect on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum content. This study revealed that GUANKE may alleviate constipation in mice through regulating intestinal neurotransmitter and hormone release and altering specific bacterial taxa, rather than by affecting SCFAs and the diversity of microbiota in the gut. Further research is needed to confirm if the findings observed in this study will be consistent in other animal studies or clinical trials.

Effects of digital psychological interventions on physical symptoms in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of digital psychological interventions to improve physical symptoms (i.e., fatigue, pain, disturbed sleep, and physical well-being) among cancer patients, as well as to evaluate the variables that possibly moderate intervention effects. METHODS: Nine databases were searched for the literature up to February 2023. Two reviewers independently conducted a quality assessment. Effect sizes were reported as the standardized mean difference (Hedge's g) and estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 44 randomized clinical trials comprising 7200 adults with cancer. Digital psychological interventions were associated with significant improvements in short-term fatigue (g = -0.33; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.07) and disturbed sleep (g = -0.36; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.15), but with non-significant changes in pain (g = -0.23; 95% CI, -0.68 to 0.21) and physical well-being (g = 0.31; 95% CI, -0.18 to 0.80). Additionally, no alleviation in long-term physical symptoms was observed. In subgroup analysis, results suggest that the country significantly moderated the effectiveness of digital psychological interventions in alleviating fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Digital psychological interventions can be effective for improving short-term fatigue and disturbed sleep in patients with cancer. Clinicians could consider digital psychological interventions as a possible and efficient addition to better manage some of the physical symptoms during and after cancer treatment.

Serum protein coating enhances the antisepsis efficacy of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli infections in mice.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to public health and social development worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Eco-friendly spherical AgNPs were synthesized using rutin at room temperature. The biocompatibility of both polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and mouse serum (MS)-stabilized AgNPs was evaluated at 20 µg/mL and showed a similar distribution in mice. However, only MS-AgNPs significantly protected mice from sepsis caused by the multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) CQ10 strain (p = 0.039). The data revealed that MS-AgNPs facilitated the elimination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the blood and the spleen, and the mice experienced only a mild inflammatory response, as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, chemokine KC, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower than those in the control group. The results suggest that the plasma protein corona strengthens the antibacterial effect of AgNPs in vivo and may be a potential strategy for combating antimicrobial resistance.

Inhibiting virus replication and excessive inflammatory response: Mechanism of combined prescription of Ma-Xing-Shi-Gan decoction and Xiao-Chai-Hu decoction against influenza virus.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The combined prescription of two classical decoctions (Ma-Xing-Shi-Gan decoction with Xiao-Chai-Hu decoction), named as San-Yang-He-Zhi (SYHZ) decoction, has been widely used for the treatment of influenza virus (IFV) infections for decades. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-influenza effect of SYHZ decoction and explore the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ingredients of SYHZ decoction were analyzed by mass spectrometry. An animal model of IFV infection was established by challenging C57BL/6J mice with PR8 virus. Three groups of mice were infected with lethal or non-lethal doses of IFV, then followed by oral administration of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or SYHZ, or oseltamir; blank control mice (without IFV infection) were treated with PBS. Survival rate, Lung index, colon length, body weight loss and IFV viral load were measured 7 days post infection; histology and electron-microscopy examinations of lung tissue were performed; cytokine and chemokine levels in lung and serum were measured; and the intestinal metagenome, the cecum metabolome, and the lung transcriptome were analyzed. RESULTS: SYHZ treatment significantly improved survival rate compared with PBS (40% vs 0%); improved lung index, colon length, and body weight loss; and alleviated lung histological damage and viral load. SYHZ-treated mice had significantly lower levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL10 in lung and serum, and increased levels of multiple bioactive components in cecum. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Toll- and NOD-like receptors, pro-apoptosis molecules, and lung-injury-related proteins were downregulated in SYHZ mice, whereas surfactant protein and mucin were upregulated. The NOD-like receptor pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, and NF-κB pathway were downregulated by SYHZ treatment. CONCLUSIONS: SYHZ decoction alleviated IFV infection in a mouse model. Multiple bioactive ingredients of SYHZ may inhibit replication of IFV and suppress excessive immune response.

The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: A three-level meta-analysis and a trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The current study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the benefits of Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain. Searches were conducted in Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception until September 30, 2022. Thirty-three RCTs, including 2293 participants, were included. Small to medium effect sizes for pain intensity/physical function favoring ACT were found both at post-treatment (pain intensity: g = 0.44; physical function: g = 0.59) and follow-up (pain intensity: g = 0.34; physical function: g = 0.56). The effect sizes on psychological outcomes were significant at post-treatment (depression: g = 0.43; anxiety: g = 0.43; quality of life: g = 0.45) and follow-up (depression: g = 0.43; anxiety: g = 0.35; quality of life: g = 0.43). The results of the trial sequential analyses indicated that pooled estimates were unlikely to be incidental findings, as effects of multiple testing were controlled and power was adequate. Face-to-face ACT yielded significantly larger effects on physical outcomes than internet-delivered ACT. Participants with chronic headache and fibromyalgia showed greater benefit from ACT compared to those with non-specific pain or mixed pain. In addition, the longer the follow-up duration, the smaller the effect sizes for pain intensity/physical function at follow-up. The present meta-analysis suggests sufficient evidence for the significant benefits of ACT for people with chronic pain.

Lactiplantibacillus pentosus P2020 protects the hyperuricemia and renal inflammation in mice.

Introduction: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common metabolic disease, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. Pharmaceutical drugs have been used for controlling HUA but they all have certain side effects, which thus calls for discovering alternative options including using treatment of probiotics to prevent the development of HUA. Methods: We established HUA mice model induced by potassium oxonate and adenine and performed in vivo experiments to verify the ability to lower serum uric acid of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus P2020 (LPP), a probiotics stain extracted from Chinese pickle. We also tried to discussed the underlying mechanisms. Results: Oral administration with LPP significantly decreased serum uric acid and reduced renal inflammatory response by downregulating multiple inflammation pathways including NK-kB, MAPK, and TNFα. We also found that LPP administration significantly promoted uric acid excretion by regulating expression of transporters in the kidney and ileum. In addition, LPP intake improved intestinal barrier function and modulated the composition of gut microbiota. Discussion: These results suggest that probiotics LPP may have a promising potential to protect against development of HUA and HUA-related renal damage, and its working mechanisms involve regulation of inflammation pathways and expression of transporters in the kidney and ileum.

A comparison of the role of aggression in the association between hostile interpretation bias and antisocial personality features between young offenders and university students.

BACKGROUND: Antisocial personality features in adolescents are frequently associated with delinquency and constitute the problem that most concerns the criminal justice system and the public. Hostile interpretation bias has been identified as a candidate for explaining emergent adolescent antisocial personality problems and aggression, but it is unclear whether offenders and non-offenders show differences in the relationships between hostile interpretation bias, aggression and antisocial personality features. AIMS: To compare relationships between hostile interpretation bias and a personality measure between incarcerated teenagers and first year university students and to explore aggression and criminal history as mediating or moderating variables. METHODS: Fifty-three 16-18-year-old incarcerated male offenders and 69 17-20-year-old male university students were recruited, the former through institutional staff and the latter by online advert only. Individuals in both groups self-rated, in private, on the Word and Sentence Association Paradigm-hostile (WSAP), The Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ), Hostility Interpretation Bias Task (HIBT) as tests for hostile interpretation bias, and on the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and on Hyler's Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4). Among the students, criminal history was assessed by a self-reported binary question. LASSO regressions were used to test inter-relationships between hostile interpretation bias and aggression or antisocial personality traits. Mediation and moderation were tested using MPLUS 7.4. RESULTS: The WSAP and AIHQ, as measures of self-reported hostility bias, had relationships with self-reported aggression (Pearson r 0.24-0.58, p < 0.001) and with antisocial personality features (r 0.36-0.50, p < 0.001), the HIBT did not. Aggression scores mediated the relationship between hostile interpretation bias and antisocial personality features. Furthermore, the relationship between hostile interpretation bias and aggression was stronger among the young offenders (estimates 0.43-0.75) than among the university students without criminal history (estimates 0.13-0.36). CONCLUSIONS: Hostile interpretation bias appears to promote antisocial personality features by increasing an individual's aggression, regardless of social status, although the effect was much stronger among the young offenders. To reduce young people's antisocial personality features, future studies should perhaps focus on evaluating strategies to reduce hostile bias or prevent it from being expressed in aggressive behaviours.