Real-world effectiveness and persistence of secukinumab in the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis.

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory disease. Secukinumab, a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD), has extensive clinical evidence of efficacy and safety in the treatment of PsA but data in clinical practice are still limited. This study aims to provide real-world evidence on secukinumab use, effectiveness, and persistence in PsA. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted on patients diagnosed with PsA and treated with secukinumab up to June 2021 at 12 centers in the Valencian Community (Spain). Data on DAS28-CRP, DAPSA, Tender and Swollen Joint Counts (TJC, SJC), enthesitis, dactylitis, skin and nail involvement, pain, patient and physician global assessment (ptGA, phGA) using 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), and persistence for up to 24 months were collected. Results: A total of 178 patients were included (49% men; mean [standard deviation, SD] age: 51.4 [10.5] years; 39% obese). Secukinumab was used as a first-, second-, or ≥ third-line bDMARD in 37, 21, and 42% of patients, respectively. The percentage of patients achieving at least low disease activity (DAS28-CRP ≤ 3.2) increased from 25% at baseline to 66% at month 6 (M6) and was maintained (75%) up to M24. Mean (SD) DAS28-CRP baseline values (3.9 [1.2]) decreased to 2.9 (1.1) (p < 0.001) at M6 and remained low through M24 (2.6 [1.1]) (p < 0.001). Secukinumab also improved peripheral arthritis increasing the percentage of patients with TJC = 0 (20% baseline; 57% M24) and SJC = 0 (37% baseline; 80% M24). Treatment reduced the percentage of patients with enthesitis (25% baseline; 6% M24), dactylitis (20% baseline; 4% M24), and skin (70% baseline; 17% M24), and nail (32% baseline; 2% M24) involvement. Additionally, we observed improvements in the mean pain VAS (-26.4 mm M24), ptGA (-26.2 mm M24), and phGA (-24.8 mm M24). Secukinumab showed an overall 24-month persistence rate of 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60-74%). Patients receiving first-line secukinumab showed the highest 24-month persistence rate (83, 95% CI: 73-92; p = 0.024). Conclusion: Secukinumab showed long-term effectiveness across the six key PsA domains thus reducing disease activity and pain, which are major treatment goals. This was accompanied by high persistence rates, especially in bDMARD naive patients.

Real-world experience with secukinumab in the entire axial spondyloarthritis spectrum.

Background: Secukinumab is a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA, i.e., ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axSpA) across various clinical trials. However, data of secukinumab in clinical practice is still limited. Here, we aimed to provide real-world data on secukinumab use, effectiveness, and persistence in axSpA. Patients and methods: Retrospective, multicenter study of patients with a diagnosis of axSpA treated with secukinumab at 12 centers up to June 2021 in the Valencian Community (Spain). Information was gathered on BASDAI measurement, pain, patient and physician global assessment (ptGA, phGA) using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), persistence and other secondary variables by treatment line (first, second, and ≥ third) for up to 24 months. Results: 221 patients were included (69% men; mean age [standard deviation, SD]: 46.7 [12.1] years old). Secukinumab was used as a first-line bDMARD in 38% of patients, as a second-line in 34% and as a ≥ hird-line in 28%. The percentage of patients achieving low disease activity (BASDAI<4) increased from 9% at baseline to 48% at month 6 and was maintained (49%) up to month 24. The greatest improvement in BASDAI was observed in naïve patients (month 6: -2.6; month 24: -3.7), followed by second-line (month 6: -1.9; month 24: -3.1) and ≥ third-line (month 6: -1.3; month 24: -2.3) patients. Reductions in mean pain VAS (-23.3; -31.9), ptGA (-25.1; -31.9) and phGA (-25.1; -31) were also observed at 6 and 24 months. Secukinumab showed an overall 12-months persistence rate of 70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63-77%) and a 24-months persistence rate of 58% (95% CI, 51-66%). Patients receiving first-line secukinumab had the highest 24-months persistence rate (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Secukinumab improved disease activity in axSpA patients, especially in naive, and second-line patients, which was accompanied by high persistence rates up to 24 months.

Evaluación de la esfera sexual en pacientes con artritis psoriásica / Evaluation of the sexual sphere in patients with psoriatic arthritis

Introducción: La artritis psoriásica (APs) es un trastorno inflamatorio crónico que afecta principalmente a las articulaciones y las entesis. Además, se asocia con el síndrome depresivo (SD), la enfermedad cardiovascular, la hipertensión (HTA), la diabetes mellitus (DM), la obesidad y la psoriasis (Pso). Existen pocos estudios dirigidos a analizar la asociación de la afectación del aparato locomotor con las alteraciones de la calidad sexual (CS). Métodos. Se propuso un estudio observacional transversal en pacientes diagnosticados de APs, a los que aplicaron cuestionarios validados autoaplicados para determinar alteraciones de la CS: MGH-SFQ y CSFQ-14, que valoran los cuatro dominios de la función sexual; Qualisex y DLQI diseñados para patología articular y dermatológica respectivamente, que exploran aspectos sexuales. El objetivo fue describir la existencia de alteraciones sexuales de pacientes con APs, analizar la asociación entre las características sociodemográficas, comorbilidades (Pso, SD, factores de riesgo cardiovascular) y los tratamientos de los pacientes sobre la CS y describir diferencias de CS en función del género. Resultados: Se valoraron 72 pacientes y se observó que las variables de los pacientes con APs que se asociaron con mayor fuerza con puntuaciones más bajas en CS fueron ser mujer y la edad en el CSFQ-14 y MGH-SFQ; el nivel de ingresos, el tratamiento con AINE, la dislipemia (DL) y la depresión se asociaron a peores resultados en algunos dominios de la esfera sexual. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con APs presentaban una CS deteriorada, especialmente mujeres, de mayor edad, bajo nivel de ingresos y DL. Los tratamientos antiinflamatorios se asociaron con mejor CS. Globalmente, la enfermedad crónica y la carga psicológica de padecerla se comportaron como factores predisponentes de disfunción sexual.(AU)

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints and entheses. In addition, it is associated with depressive syndrome (DS), cardiovascular disease, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and psoriasis (Pso). There are few studies aimed to analyze the association of the involvement of the musculoskeletal system with sexual function (SF). Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was proposed in patients diagnosed with PsA, to whom self-administered validated questionnaires were applied to determine alterations in SF: MGH-SFQ and CSFQ-14, which assess the 4 domains of sexual function; Qualisex and DLQI designed for joint and dermatological pathology respectively, which explore sexual aspects. The objective was to describe the existence of altered sexual function in patients with PsA; analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities (Pso, DS, cardiovascular risk factors) and the treatments of patients on SF; and describe differences of SF according to gender. Results: 72 patients were evaluated. It was observed that the variables of patients with PsA that were associated with lower scores in SF were gender and age in the CSFQ-14 and MGH-SFQ; annual incomes, treatment with NSAIDs, DL and depression were associated with worse results in some domains of the sexual sphere. Conclusions: Patients with PsA had impaired SF, especially women, elder patiens, those with low annual incomes, DL and emotional disorders. Anti-inflammatory treatments were associated with better SF. Globally, the chronic disease and the psychological burden behaved as factors associated with sexual dysfunction.(AU)

Evaluation of the sexual sphere in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints and entheses. In addition, it is associated with depressive syndrome (DS), cardiovascular disease, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and psoriasis (Pso). There are few studies aimed to analyze the association of the involvement of the musculoskeletal system with sexual function (SF). METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was proposed in patients diagnosed with PsA, to whom self-administered validated questionnaires were applied to determine alterations in SF: MGH-SFQ and CSFQ-14, which assess the 4 domains of sexual function; Qualisex and DLQI designed for joint and dermatological pathology respectively, which explore sexual aspects. The objective was to describe the existence of altered sexual function in patients with PsA; analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities (Pso, DS, cardiovascular risk factors) and the treatments of patients on SF; and describe differences of SF according to gender. RESULTS: 72 patients were evaluated. It was observed that the variables of patients with PsA that were associated with lower scores in SF were gender and age in the CSFQ-14 and MGH-SFQ; annual incomes, treatment with NSAIDs, DL and depression were associated with worse results in some domains of the sexual sphere. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PsA had impaired SF, especially women, elder patiens, those with low annual incomes, DL and emotional disorders. Anti-inflammatory treatments were associated with better SF. Globally, the chronic disease and the psychological burden behaved as factors associated with sexual dysfunction.

Características de pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas hospitalizados por infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Characteristics of Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Fundamentos: Las enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas (IMID) predisponen a un aumento del riesgo infeccioso al modificar la respuesta inmune del huésped, que resulta crucial para la resolución de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las últimas publicaciones indican que los pacientes con IMID y sus tratamientos de base no empeoran el pronóstico de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y la evolución de pacientes con IMID que requirieron ingreso hospitalario por infección por SARS-CoV-2. En segundo lugar, comparar las características clínicas y la evolución entre pacientes que requirieron ingreso hospitalario por infección por SARS-CoV-2 con IMID y aquellos que no la presentaban. Métodos: Estudio observacional de cohortes retrospectivo, que incluyó pacientes ingresados por sospecha de SARS-CoV-2, tratados según el criterio médico y los protocolos basados en la evidencia científica. La recogida de datos clínicos se realizó por descarga directa o mediante revisión manual de la historia clínica electrónica. El análisis estadístico determinó las diferencias de características y evolución clínica de la infección en pacientes con IMID. Resultados: De los 612 pacientes revisados, 23 padecían IMID y 9 de ellos fueron diagnosticados de infección por SARS-CoV-2. No se observó correlación entre infección por SARS-CoV-2 e IMID. Los pacientes con IMID presentaban mayor prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular y obesidad, aunque no significativamente. Asimismo, los pacientes con IMID no presentaron una evolución clínica durante el ingreso hospitalario diferente respecto al resto de pacientes. Conclusión: Las IMID y los tratamientos de las mismas no determinan el pronóstico del ingreso hospitalario de la infección por SARS-CoV-2.(AU)

Background: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) predispose to a higher infection risk by modifying the host's immune response, which acts as a key factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution. Recent publications show that IMID patients and its treatments do not worsen the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IMID who required hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondly, to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients who required hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2 infection with IMID and those who were not affected. Methods: We performed an observational retrospective cohort study, including admitted patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated according to medical criteria and local protocols based on the best available scientific evidence. Clinical data were collected from their electronical clinical history. Statistical analysis determined the differences in the characteristics and clinical outcome of the infection in IMID patients. Results: Of a total number of 612 revised patients, 23 had an IMID and 9 of them were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did not observe a correlation between these two disorders. There was a higher frequency of obesity and cardiovascular disease among IMID patients, but without statistical significance. The clinical outcomes were no different between hospitalized IMID and non IMID patients. Conclusion: IMID and its treatments do not determine the outcome of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection.(AU)

Characteristics of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) predispose to a higher infection risk by modifying the host's immune response, which acts as a key factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution. Recent publications show that IMID patients and its treatments do not worsen the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IMID who required hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondly, to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients who required hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2 infection with IMID and those who were not affected. METHODS: We performed an observational retrospective cohort study, including admitted patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated according to medical criteria and local protocols based on the best available scientific evidence. Clinical data were collected from their electronical clinical history. Statistical analysis determined the differences in the characteristics and clinical outcome of the infection in IMID patients. RESULTS: Of a total number of 612 revised patients, 23 had an IMID and 9 of them were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did not observe a correlation between these two disorders. There was a higher frequency of obesity and cardiovascular disease among IMID patients, but without statistical significance. The clinical outcomes were no different between hospitalized IMID and non IMID patients. CONCLUSION: IMID and its treatments do not determine the outcome of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Descriptive study of a cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Several descriptive cohort studies of patients affected by COVID-19 have been published. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to Hospital Universitario la Plana, Castellón, Spain. METHODS: Retrospective, observational cohort study that included 18-year-old or older patients who were consecutively admitted with SARS-CoV2 confirmed infection. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, laboratory results and radiological tests are described. RESULTS: The study included 255 patients with a mean age of 70 years; 54.9 % were males. Most common comorbidities were high blood pressure (58 %), dyslipidemia (42.4 %), diabetes (25.5 %) and obesity (24.3 %). Median number of days from the onset of clinical symptoms prior to hospital admission was seven. Most common manifestations prior to admission were fever (74.5 %), dry cough (61.2 %), malaise (51.8 %) and dyspnea (51.0 %); 19 patients (7.4 %) were admitted to the intensive care unit, where mortality was 50 %; overall mortality was 16.9 %. CONCLUSIONS: Our cohort reflects similar characteristics to those of other European series. Mortality was lower than that in similar studies.

ANTECEDENTES: Se han publicado varios estudios descriptivos de cohortes de pacientes afectados por COVID-19. OBJETIVO: Describir las características de pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario de La Plana, Castellón, España. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional de cohortes retrospectivo, que incluyó pacientes de 18 años o mayores que ingresaron en forma consecutiva con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV2; se describen características demográficas, comorbilidades, síntomas clínicos, resultados de laboratorio y pruebas radiológicas. RESULTADOS: El estudio incluyó 255 pacientes con edad promedio de 70 años; 54.9 % fue del sexo masculino. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial (58 %), dislipemia (42.4 %), diabetes (25.5 %) y obesidad (24.3 %). La mediana de días del inicio de síntomas clínicos antes del ingreso fue de siete. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes previas al ingreso fueron fiebre (74.5 %), tos seca (61.2 %), malestar general (51.8 %) y disnea (51.0 %); 19 pacientes (7.4 %) ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, donde la mortalidad fue de 50 %; la mortalidad total fue de 16.9 %. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestra cohorte refleja características similares a las de otras series europeas. La mortalidad fue inferior a la de estudios similares.

Characteristics of Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. / Características de pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas hospitalizados por infección por SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) predispose to a higher infection risk by modifying the host's immune response, which acts as a key factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution. Recent publications show that IMID patients and its treatments do not worsen the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IMID who required hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondly, to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients who required hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2 infection with IMID and those who were not affected. METHODS: We performed an observational retrospective cohort study, including admitted patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated according to medical criteria and local protocols based on the best available scientific evidence. Clinical data were collected from their electronical clinical history. Statistical analysis determined the differences in the characteristics and clinical outcome of the infection in IMID patients. RESULTS: Of a total number of 612 revised patients, 23 had an IMID and 9 of them were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did not observe a correlation between these two disorders. There was a higher frequency of obesity and cardiovascular disease among IMID patients, but without statistical significance. The clinical outcomes were no different between hospitalized IMID and non IMID patients. CONCLUSION: IMID and its treatments do not determine the outcome of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Estudio descriptivo de una cohorte de pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en España / Descriptive study of a cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Spain

Resumen Antecedentes: Se han publicado varios estudios descriptivos de cohortes de pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Objetivo: Describir las características de pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario de La Plana, Castellón, España. Métodos: Estudio observacional de cohortes retrospectivo, que incluyó pacientes de 18 años o mayores que ingresaron en forma consecutiva con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV2; se describen características demográficas, comorbilidades, síntomas clínicos, resultados de laboratorio y pruebas radiológicas. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 255 pacientes con edad promedio de 70 años; 54.9 % fue del sexo masculino. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial (58 %), dislipemia (42.4 %), diabetes (25.5 %) y obesidad (24.3 %). La mediana de días del inicio de síntomas clínicos antes del ingreso fue de siete. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes previas al ingreso fueron fiebre (74.5 %), tos seca (61.2 %), malestar general (51.8 %) y disnea (51.0 %); 19 pacientes (7.4 %) ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, donde la mortalidad fue de 50 %; la mortalidad total fue de 16.9 %. Conclusiones: Nuestra cohorte refleja características similares a las de otras series europeas. La mortalidad fue inferior a la de estudios similares.

Abstract Background: Several descriptive cohort studies of patients affected by COVID-19 have been published. Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to Hospital Universitario la Plana, Castellón, Spain. Methods: Retrospective, observational cohort study that included 18-year-old or older patients who were consecutively admitted with SARS-CoV2 confirmed infection. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, laboratory results and radiological tests are described. Results: The study included 255 patients, with a mean age of 70 years; 54.9 % were males. Most common comorbidities were high blood pressure (58 %), dyslipidemia (42.4 %), diabetes (25.5 %) and obesity (24.3 %). Median number of days from the onset of clinical symptoms prior to hospital admission was seven. Most common manifestations prior to admission were fever (74.5 %), dry cough (61.2 %), malaise (51.8 %) and dyspnea (51.0 %); 19 patients (7.4 %) were admitted to the intensive care unit, where mortality was 50 %; overall mortality was 16.9 %. Conclusions: Our cohort reflects similar characteristics to those of other European series. Mortality was lower than that in similar studies.

Identification of a 3'-Untranslated Genetic Variant of RARB Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Genome-Wide Association Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic background influencing the development of cardiovascular (CV) disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in which, after quality control and imputation, a total of 6,308,944 polymorphisms across the whole genome were analyzed in 2,989 RA patients of European origin. Data on subclinical atherosclerosis, obtained through assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and presence/absence of carotid plaques by carotid ultrasonography, were available for 1,355 individuals. RESULTS: A genetic variant of the RARB gene (rs116199914) was associated with CIMT values at the genome-wide level of significance (minor allele [G] ß coefficient 0.142, P = 1.86 × 10-8 ). Interestingly, rs116199914 overlapped with regulatory elements in tissues related to CV pathophysiology and immune cells. In addition, biologic pathway enrichment and predictive protein-protein relationship analyses, including suggestive GWAS signals of potential relevance, revealed a functional enrichment of the collagen biosynthesis network related to the presence/absence of carotid plaques (Gene Ontology no. 0032964; false discovery rate-adjusted P = 4.01 × 10-3 ). Furthermore, our data suggest potential influences of the previously described candidate CV risk loci NFKB1, MSRA, and ZC3HC1 (P = 8.12 × 10-4 , P = 5.94 × 10-4 , and P = 2.46 × 10-4 , respectively). CONCLUSION: The present findings strongly suggest that genetic variation within RARB contributes to the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA.

Influence of coronary artery disease and subclinical atherosclerosis related polymorphisms on the risk of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

A genetic component influences the development of atherosclerosis in the general population and also in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, genetic polymorphisms associated with atherosclerosis in the general population are not always involved in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA. Accordingly, a study in North-American RA patients did not show the association reported in the general population of coronary artery disease with a series of relevant polymorphisms (TCF21, LPA, HHIPL1, RASD1-PEMT, MRPS6, CYP17A1-CNNM2-NT5C2, SMG6-SRR, PHACTR1, WDR12 and COL4A1-COL4A2). In the present study, we assessed the potential association of these polymorphisms with CVD in Southern European RA patients. We also assessed if polymorphisms implicated in the increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in non-rheumatic Caucasians (ZHX2, PINX1, SLC17A4, LRIG1 and LDLR) may influence the risk for CVD in RA. 2,609 Spanish patients were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Subclinical atherosclerosis was determined in 1,258 of them by carotid ultrasonography (assessment of carotid intima media thickness and presence/absence of carotid plaques). No statistically significant differences were found when each polymorphism was assessed according to the presence/absence of cardiovascular events and subclinical atherosclerosis, after adjustment for potential confounder factors. Our results do not show an association between these 15 polymorphisms and atherosclerosis in RA.

Influence of elevated-CRP level-related polymorphisms in non-rheumatic Caucasians on the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis.

Association between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels and subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular (CV) events was described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CRP, HNF1A, LEPR, GCKR, NLRP3, IL1F10, PPP1R3B, ASCL1, HNF4A and SALL1 exert an influence on elevated CRP serum levels in non-rheumatic Caucasians. Consequently, we evaluated the potential role of these genes in the development of CV events and subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients. Three tag CRP polymorphisms and HNF1A, LEPR, GCKR, NLRP3, IL1F10, PPP1R3B, ASCL1, HNF4A and SALL1 were genotyped in 2,313 Spanish patients by TaqMan. Subclinical atherosclerosis was determined in 1,298 of them by carotid ultrasonography (by assessment of carotid intima-media thickness-cIMT-and presence/absence of carotid plaques). CRP serum levels at diagnosis and at the time of carotid ultrasonography were measured in 1,662 and 1,193 patients, respectively, by immunoturbidimetry. Interestingly, a relationship between CRP and CRP serum levels at diagnosis and at the time of the carotid ultrasonography was disclosed. However, no statistically significant differences were found when CRP, HNF1A, LEPR, GCKR, NLRP3, IL1F10, PPP1R3B, ASCL1, HNF4A and SALL1 were evaluated according to the presence/absence of CV events, carotid plaques and cIMT after adjustment. Our results do not confirm an association between these genes and CV disease in RA.

Afectación articular secundaria a infección por virus de Epstein-Barr / Joint involvement secondary to Epstein-Barr virus

Describimos un grupo de pacientes con infección por virus de Epstein-Barr (VEB) y manifestaciones articulares. Entre febrero del 2011 y enero del 2012 se ha recogido un total de 6 casos en nuestra sección. Dos de ellos se presentaron con un patrón similar a la artritis reumatoide, en forma de poliartritis simétrica de pequeñas y grandes articulaciones. Tres presentaron poliartralgias de ritmo inflamatorio y solamente una de las pacientes presentó una oligoartritis asimétrica de grandes articulaciones. Todas fueron mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 25 y los 75 años (4 de ellas en edad fértil). En todas se realizó el diagnóstico de exclusión de otras posibles etiologías y se obtuvieron IgM negativas para el resto de virus de la familia Herpesviridae. En nuestra serie, la afección articular por VEB fue más frecuente en mujeres en edad fértil, con una presentación clínica heterogénea, predominando la forma de artralgias inflamatorias. La presentación en forma de poliartritis simétrica puede cronificarse y hacer necesario el uso de fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad (AU)

We describe a group of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and joint involvement. Between February 2011 and January 2012, there were six cases in our unit. Two presented with a pattern similar to rheumatoid arthritis, three had polyarthralgia with an inflammatory pattern and only one patient had asymmetrical oligoarthritis of large joints. They were all women aged between 25 and 75 (4 were of child-bearing potential). Diagnosis in all the cases was made by exclusion of other possible causes and negative IgM were obtained for the rest of the "Herpesviridae" family viruses. In our series, EBV joint involvement was more common in women of childbearing potential. Clinical presentation was heterogeneous but was predominantly in the form of inflammatory joint pain. When it presents in the form of symmetrical polyarthritis, it can become chronic and require the use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (AU)

Joint involvement secondary to Epstein-Barr virus.

We describe a group of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and joint involvement. Between February 2011 and January 2012, there were six cases in our unit. Two presented with a pattern similar to rheumatoid arthritis, three had polyarthralgia with an inflammatory pattern and only one patient had asymmetrical oligoarthritis of large joints. They were all women aged between 25 and 75 (4 were of child-bearing potential). Diagnosis in all the cases was made by exclusion of other possible causes and negative IgM were obtained for the rest of the "Herpesviridae" family viruses. In our series, EBV joint involvement was more common in women of childbearing potential. Clinical presentation was heterogeneous but was predominantly in the form of inflammatory joint pain. When it presents in the form of symmetrical polyarthritis, it can become chronic and require the use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

Protective Role of the Interleukin 33 rs3939286 Gene Polymorphism in the Development of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the interleukin-33 (IL-33)-interleukin-1 receptor like 1 (IL-1RL1) signaling pathway is implicated in the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: A total of 576 Spanish RA patients from Northern Spain were genotyped for 6 well-known IL33-IL1RL1 polymorphisms (IL33 rs3939286, IL33 rs7025417, IL33 rs7044343, IL1RL1 rs2058660, IL1RL1 rs2310173 and IL1RL1 rs13015714) by TaqMan genotyping assay. The presence of subclinical atherosclerosis was determined by the assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) by carotid ultrasound (US). RESULTS: RA patients carrying the TT genotype of the IL33 rs3939286 polymorphism had lower cIMT values than those homozygous for the CC genotype (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 0.71 ± 0.14 mm versus 0.76 ± 0.16 mm, respectively) while patients carrying the CT genotype had intermediate cIMT values (mean ± SD: 0.73 ± 0.17 mm). Moreover, RA patients carrying the mutant allele T of the IL33 rs3939286 polymorphism exhibited significantly lower cIMT values than those carrying the wild allele C (mean ± SD: 0.72 ± 0.16 mm versus 0.75 ± 0.18 mm respectively; p = 0.04). The association of both genotype and allele frequencies of IL33 rs3939286 and cIMT levels remained statistically significant after adjustment for sex, age at the time of US study, follow-up and center (p = 0.006 and p = 0.0023, respectively), evidencing that the potential effect conferred by IL33 rs3939286 may be independent of confounder factors. No association with other IL33-IL1RL1 genetic variants was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results may suggest a potential protective effect of the IL33 rs3939286 allele T in the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA.

¿Son útiles los factores pronóstico en la artritis reumatoide? / Are useful prognostic factors in rheumatoid arthritis?

La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad inflamatoria de etiología desconocida y de predominio articular que condiciona mal pronóstico funcional y vital. En muchos pacientes el proceso inflamatorio mantenido durante años se traduce en destrucción articular e impotencia funcional a largo plazo. Los factores pronósticos (FP) son datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, analíticos y/o radiológicos presentes al inicio de la enfermedad que nos proporcionan información prospectiva de la evolución del paciente. El reto del especialista en reumatología es identificar a los pacientes que presenten signos de mal pronóstico en el inicio de la enfermedad y desarrollar una estrategia terapéutica apropiada (AU)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which predominantlyaffects joints and that confers poor functional and vital outcome. In many patients the inflammatory process is maintained for years, and results in joint destruction and long-term functional disability. Prognostic factors (PF) are demographic, clinical, laboratory and/or radiographic and should be evaluated at the onset of the disease, providing the physician prospective information on patient outcome. The challenge for the rheumatologist is to identify patients who present a poor prognosis in early rheumatoid arthritis and formulate treatment accordingly (AU)

[Are useful prognostic factors in rheumatoid arthritis?]. / Son útiles los factores pronóstico en la artritis reumatoide?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which predominantly affects joints and that confers poor functional and vital outcome. In many patients the inflammatory process is maintained for years, and results in joint destruction and long-term functional disability. Prognostic factors (PF) are demographic, clinical, laboratory and/or radiographic and should be evaluated at the onset of the disease, providing the physician prospective information on patient outcome. The challenge for the rheumatologist is to identify patients who present a poor prognosis in early rheumatoid arthritis and formulate treatment accordingly.