TET3 Contributes to Exercise-Induced Functional Axon Regeneration and Visual Restoration.

Axons have intrinsically poor regenerative capacity in the mature central nervous system (CNS), leading to permanent neurological impairments in individuals. There is growing evidence that exercise is a powerful physiological intervention that can obviously enhance cell rejuvenate capacity, but its molecular mechanisms that mediate the axonal regenerative benefits remain largely unclear. Using the eye as the CNS model, here it is first indicated that placing mice in an exercise stimulation environment induced DNA methylation patterns and transcriptomes of retinal ganglion cell, promoted axon regeneration after injury, and reversed vision loss in aged mice. These beneficial effects are dependent on the DNA demethylases TET3-mediated epigenetic effects, which increased the expression of genes associated with the regenerative growth programs, such as STAT3, Wnt5a, Klf6. Exercise training also shows with the improved mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in retinas and optic nerves via TET3. Collectively, these results suggested that the increased regenerative capacity induced by enhancing physical activity is mediated through epigenetic reprogramming in mouse model of optic nerve injury and in aged mouse. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying exercise-dependent neuronal plasticity led to the identification of novel targets for ameliorating pathologies associated with etiologically diverse diseases.

Cation-Triggered Growth of Nanowires for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which occurs in a variety of energy-related devices, necessitates optimization of the reaction pathways for efficient and scalable deployment. Nevertheless, fully harnessing the advanced structure of synthetic electrocatalysts remains a significant challenge due to the inevitable surface reconstruction process during OER. Here we present an efficient and flexible method to control the surface reconstruction process by engineering an electrolyte containing trace Co2+ cation. This controllable reconstruction process enhances fast charge transfer, facilitates electroactive species transport, and exposes the inner active site, significantly improving the OER kinetics. An impressive 60% increase in current density at an applied potential of 2.2 V (vs RHE) confirms its remarkable contribution to the performance. The identification of cation-triggered reconstruction for the formation of a well-defined surface provides a novel insight into understanding electrolyte engineering and offers a viable pathway to address activity and stable concerns in electrocatalysts.

Clustering-resistant Cu Single Atoms on Porous Au Nanoparticles Supported by TiO2 for Sustainable Photoconversion of CO2 into CH4.

Photocatalysts based on single atoms (SAs) modification can lead to unprecedented reactivity with recent advances. However, the deactivation of SAs-modified photocatalysts remains a critical challenge in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this study, we unveil the detrimental effect of CO intermediates on Cu single atoms (Cu-SAs) during photocatalytic CO2 reduction, leading to clustering and deactivation on TiO2. To address this, we developed a novel Cu-SAs anchored on Au porous nanoparticles (CuAu-SAPNPs-TiO2) via a vectored etching approach. This system not only enhances CH4 production with a rate of 748.8 µmol·g-1·h-1 and 93.1% selectivity but also mitigates Cu-SAs clustering, maintaining stability over 7 days. This sustained high performance, despite the exceptionally high efficiency and selectivity in CH4 production, highlights the CuAu-SAPNPs-TiO2 overarching superior photocatalytic properties. Consequently, this work underscores the potential of tailored SAs-based systems for efficient and durable CO2 reduction by reshaping surface adsorption dynamics and optimizing the thermodynamic behavior of the SAs.

Construction of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Poly(heptazine imide) Nanosheets via Hydrogen Bonds for Boosting CO2 Photoreduction.

The creation of frustrated Lewis pairs on catalyst surface is an effective strategy for tuning CO2 activation. The critical step in the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs is the spatial effect of proximal Lewis acid-Lewis base pairs. Here, we demonstrate a facile surface functionalization methodology that enables hydrogen bonding between N and H atoms to mediate the construction of frustrated Lewis pairs in poly(heptazine imide), thereby increasing the propensity to activate CO2 molecules. Experimental and theoretical results show that the construction of active hydrogen bonding regions can facilitate the bending of CO2 molecules. Furthermore, the delocalization of electron clouds induced by the hydrogen bonding-mediated frustrated Lewis pairs can promote the heterolytic cleavage and photocatalytic conversion of CO2. This work highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogen bonding-mediated strategy in heterogeneously photocatalytic activation of CO2 over polymer materials.

Crystalline-dependent surface reconstruction at low applied potential region for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction.

Alkaline water electrolysis is apreferred technology for large-scale green hydrogen production. For most active transition metal-based catalysts during anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the atomic structure of the anodic catalysts' surface often undergoes reconstruction to optimize the reaction path and enhance their catalytic activity. The design and maintenance of highly active sites during this reconstruction process remain critical and challenging for most OER catalysts. In this study, we explored the effects of crystal structures in pre-catalysts on surface reconstruction at low applied potential. Through experimental observation and theoretical calculation, we found out that catalysts with specific crystal structures exhibit superior surface remodeling ability, which enables them to better adapt to the conditions of the oxygen evolution reaction and achieve efficient catalysis. The discharge process enables the formation of abundant phosphorus vacancies on the surface, which in turn affects the efficiency of the entire oxygen evolution reaction. The optimized crystal structure of the catalyst results in an increase as high as 58.5 mA/cm2 for Ni5P4, which is twice as high as that observed for Ni2P. These results provide essential theoretical foundations and technical guidance for designing more efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions.

Confined Space Dual-Type Quantum Dots for High-Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage.

Owing to the quantum size effect and high redox activity, quantum dots (QDs) play very essential roles toward electrochemical energy storage. However, it is very difficult to obtain different types and uniformly dispersed high-active QDs in a stable conductive microenvironment, because QDs prepared by traditional methods are mostly dissolved in solution or loaded on the surface of other semiconductors. Herein, dual-type semiconductor QDs (Co9S8 and CdS) are skillfully constructed within the interlayer of ultrathin-layered double hydroxides. In particular, the expandable interlayer provides a very suitable confined space for the growth and uniform dispersion of QDs, where Co9S8 originates from in situ transformation of cobalt atoms in laminate and CdS is generated from interlayer pre-embedding Cd2+. Meanwhile, XAFS and GGA+U calculations are employed to explore and prove the mechanism of QDs formation and energy storage characteristics as compared to surface loading QDs. Significantly, the hybrid supercapacitors achieve a high energy density of 329.2 µWh cm-2, capacitance retention of 99.1%, and coulomb efficiency of 96.9% after 22 000 cycles, which is superior to the reported QDs-based supercapacitors. These findings provide unique insights for designing and developing stable, ordered, and highly active QDs.

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery during the perioperative period in children with Meckel's diverticulum-a single-center prospective clinical trial.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been widely used in adult surgery. However, few studies have reported the efficacy of ERAS in paediatric patients with Meckel's diverticulum (MD), the aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of ERAS in treating MD. Methods: A prospective randomised controlled study of children with MD admitted to our hospital from Jan 1, 2021 to Dec 31, 2023 were conducted, we developed and implemented an ERAS program for this patients. All cases were strictly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these patients, they were randomly assigned to the ERAS group or the traditional (TRAD) group with random number table row randomization. The main observational indicators were operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage, FLACC pain scale results on 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after surgery, length of postoperative stay (LOPS), time to first defecation, time to first eating after surgery, time to discontinuation of intravenous infusion, total treatment cost, incidence of postoperative complications, 30-day readmission rate and parental satisfaction rate. Results: A total of 50 patients underwent Meckel's diverticulectomy during this period, 7 patients were excluded, 23 patients were assigned to the ERAS group and 20 patients were assigned to the TRAD group. There were no significant differences in demographic data and operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage. The FLACC pain scale results on 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h after surgery were significantly lower in the ERAS group. The LOPS was 6.17 ± 0.89 days in the ERAS group and 8.30 ± 1.26 days in the TRAD group, resulting in a significantly shorter LOPS in ERAS group. ERAS could also reduce the first postoperative defecation time, the time to first eating after surgery and the time to discontinuation of intravenous infusion. The treatment cost was decreased in the ERAS group. The rate of complications and 30-day readmission were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: In this single-center study, the ERAS protocol for patients with MD requiring surgery was safe and effective.

Well-defined diatomic catalysis for photosynthesis of C2H4 from CO2.

Owing to the specific electronic-redistribution and spatial proximity, diatomic catalysts (DACs) have been identified as principal interest for efficient photoconversion of CO2 into C2H4. However, the predominant bottom-up strategy for DACs synthesis has critically constrained the development of highly ordered DACs due to the random distribution of heteronuclear atoms, which hinders the optimization of catalytic performance and the exploration of actual reaction mechanism. Here, an up-bottom ion-cutting architecture is proposed to fabricate the well-defined DACs, and the superior spatial proximity of CuAu diatomics (DAs) decorated TiO2 (CuAu-DAs-TiO2) is successfully constructed due to the compact heteroatomic spacing (2-3 Å). Owing to the profoundly low C-C coupling energy barrier of CuAu-DAs-TiO2, a considerable C2H4 production with superior sustainability is achieved. Our discovery inspires a novel up-bottom strategy for the fabrication of well-defined DACs to motivate optimization of catalytic performance and distinct deduction of heteroatom synergistically catalytic mechanism.

Insights into Nano- and Micro-Structured Scaffolds for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage.

Adopting a nano- and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy storage devices at all technology readiness levels. Due to various challenging issues, especially limited stability, nano- and micro-structured (NMS) electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation. The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement, even though it only occupies complementary and facilitating components for the main mechanism. However, extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies. This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies, summarizing their corresponding strengths and challenges, and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges, design principles, and key perspectives for future research in this field. Therefore, this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.

Infrared light dual excitation of Ni-phytate-sensitized ZnIn2S4 with sulfur vacancies for enhanced NIR-driven photocatalysis.

Near-infrared (NIR) light accounts for about half of the solar spectrum, and the effective utilization of low-energy NIR light is an important but challenging task in the field of photocatalysis. Molecular semiconductor photocatalytic systems (MSPSs) are highly tunable, available and stable, and are considered to be one of the most promising ways to achieve efficient NIR hydrogen production. Here, we demonstrate efficient dual-excitation in MSPS consisting of ZnIn2S4-x (ZIS1-x) with sulfur vacancies and phytic acid nickel (PA-Ni), which differs from other NIR-responsive photosensitized systems. The system achieves a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of 119.85 µmol h-1 g-1 at λ > 800 nm illumination, which is an excellent performance among all reported NIR catalysts and even outperforms the noble metal catalysts when compared to the reported literature. The superior activity is attributed to the unique charge dynamics and higher carrier concentration of the system. This work demonstrates the potential of dual-excitation systems for efficient utilization of low-energy NIR light.

Cations induced in situ electrochemical amorphization for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction.

Surface reconstruction is widely existed on the surface of transition metal-based catalysts under operando oxygen evolution reaction (OER) condition. The design and optimize the reconstruction process are essential to achieve high electrochemical active surface and thus facilitate the reaction kinetics, whereas still challenge. Herein, we exploit electrolyte engineering to regulate reconstruction on the surface of Fe2O3 catalysts under operando OER conditions. The intentional added cations in electrolyte can participate the reconstruction process and realize a desirable crystalline to amorphous structure conversion, contributing abundant well-defined active sites. Spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory calculation provide insight into the underlying role of amorphous structure for electron transfer, mass transport, and intermediate adsorption. With the assistant of Co2+ cations, the enhanced current density as large as 17.9 % can be achieved at 2.32 V (vs RHE). The present results indicate the potential of electrolyte engineering for regulating the reconstruction process and provide a generalized in-situ strategy for advanced catalysts design.

Flame doping of indium ions into TiO2 nanorod arrays for enhanced photochemical water oxidation.

Indium (In) ions were diffused into a TiO2 (In-TiO2) photoelectrode via a facile and efficient flame doping method resulting in improved photo-induced carrier separation. The dopant concentration was systematically investigated, and a volcano-type relationship between the dopant concentration and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance was observed. The optimum incident photon-to-current efficiency and photocurrent density of In-TiO2 were 38.6% and 0.70 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V, respectively, 2.1 and 11.2 times the values of pristine TiO2, respectively. In doping resulted in improved charge separation and lower surface adsorption energies for reactant molecules, as evidenced by experimental and computational methods.

Polymer Photocatalysts Containing Segregated π-Conjugation Units with Electron-Trap Activity for Efficient Natural-light-driven Bacterial Inactivation.

Development of highly efficient and metal-free photocatalysts for bacterial inactivation under natural light is a major challenge in photocatalytic antibiosis. Herein, we developed an acidizing solvent-thermal approach for inserting a non-conjugated ethylenediamine segment into the conjugated planes of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride to generate a photocatalyst containing segregated π-conjugation units (EDA-PTCDA). Under natural light, EDA-PTCDA achieved 99.9 % inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (60 and 45 min), which is the highest efficiency among all the natural light antibacterial reports. The difference in the surface potential and excited charge density corroborated the possibility of a built-in electron-trap effect of the non-conjugated segments of EDA-PTCDA, thus forming a highly active EDA-PTDA/bacteria interface. In addition, EDA-PTCDA exhibited negligible toxicity and damage to normal tissue cells. This catalyst provides a new opportunity for photocatalytic antibiosis under natural light conditions.

Transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib with or without a PD-1 inhibitor for advanced and metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective real-world study.

OBJECTIVES: Most patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. We report the combined potency of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), lenvatinib and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in patients with advanced and metastatic ICC. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 32 patients with advanced or metastatic ICC between January 2017 and August 2021. Eligible patients had received gemcitabine-based TACE combined with lenvatinib with or without PD-1 inhibitor in any line of treatment. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Risk factors associated with OS were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Eighteen patients received a combination of TACE and lenvatinib (TL group) and 14 patients received TACE and lenvatinib plus aPD-1 inhibitor (TLP group). The median follow-up time was 19.8 months (range 1.8-37.8). The median OS was 25.3 months (95% CI 18.5-32.1) and the median PFS was 7.3 months (95% CI 4.9-9.7). Partial response was achieved in 10 patients (31.3%), and stable disease in 13 (40.6 %) with disease control rate of 71.9%. The median OS was comparable in the TL and TLP groups (22.4 vs 27.3 months, respectively; hazard ratio: 1.245, 95% CI 0.4245-3.653; p = 0.687). The regression analysis revealed that, regardless of treatment group, a favorable independent prognostic factor for OS was HBV/HCV infection (HR: 0.063, 95% CI 0.009-0.463; p = 0.007). There were no treatment-related deaths and 81.3% of study participants experienced adverse events (AEs), the majority of which were of moderate severity (71.8% Grade 1-2). CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine-based TACE plus lenvatinib with or without aPD-1 inhibitor was well tolerated and provided promising therapeutic outcomes for patients with advanced and metastatic ICC. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Monotherapy with TACE, or Lenvatinib, or PD-1 inhibitors has shown limited efficacy over standard first-line chemotherapy in advanced and metastatic ICC. This work suggested the combined potency of these treatments and well-tolerance.

Laser Shock Peening Improves the Corrosion Resistance of an E690 High-Strength Steel Cladding Layer.

To investigate the effect of laser shock peening parameters on the corrosion resistance of an E690 high-strength steel cladding layer, NVE690 high-strength steel powder was selected for testing at various power densities of pulse lasers. The surface roughness and residual stress of the treated samples were measured, and the microstructure morphology of the sample surface was observed. The electrochemical corrosion tests were conducted with an electrochemical workstation to measure the electrometer polarization, obtain the impedance curve, and observe the electrochemical corrosion. As the laser power density increased, the surface grains of the E690 high-strength steel cladding layer continued to refine until nanocrystals formed, and the residual compressive stress on the surface increased. The residual compressive stress on the surface rendered the passivation film stable and dense; furthermore, the refinement of surface grains inhibited the initiation and propagation of microcracks. The positive shift of the corrosion potential increased from -1.004 to -0.771 V, the corrosion current density decreased from 114.5 to 5.41 µA/cm2, the radius of the impedance spectrum curve increased, and the peeling pits, as well as corrosion micropores on the surface, gradually became no longer evident after electrochemical corrosion. After laser shock treatment, the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer sample was substantially improved.

[Use a leaflet flap of foot to severed multi-finger with segmental injury].

OBJECTIVE: To explore asurgical methods for replantation of severed finger. METHODS: From January 2018 to November 2022, 8 amputated-finger patients were performed surgical reconstructions by using polyfoliate free flaps with the first dorsal metatarsal artery, including 7 males and 1 female, aged from 20 to 55 years old, and defect areas ranged from (1.0 to 2.0) cm×(3.0 to 4.5) cm. Finger pulp sensation, shape and other relevant parameters were assessed following the upper extremity functional evaluation standard, which was put forward by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association. And maryland foot functional score was used to evaluate foot function. RESULTS: Amputated fingers and flaps of all the 8 patients were survived. All patients were followed up for 4 to 20 months, their finger color and temperature tured to normal, with good wear-resistance and cold-resistance. According to Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association, functional score ranged 61 to 92;4 patients got excellent result and 4 good. Maryland foot functional score ranged from 93 to 100;and 8 patients got excellent result. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to repair severed fingers with soft tissue defects using polyfoliate free flaps that driven by the flippers of the first and second toes of the foot. This method ccould bridge blood vessels, increase soft tissue volume of the injured finger, and avoid finger shortening, with high patient satisfaction.

Symmetrical-waveform alternating current-promoted NiOxHy electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction.

Here we describe a symmetrical waveform alternating current strategy that provides a solution for obtaining gradient oxygen vacancies (VO) in situ. The unique gradient VO provides multiple stairs to reduce the reaction kinetics and thus contributes to a total increase of up to 84.7% in current density.

Analysis of misdiagnosed or delayed-diagnosed Leprosy bacillus infection from 1990 to 2020 with a prophet time series prediction in Hubei Province, China.

To analyze the misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of leprosy in Hubei Province, China during the past 30 years, which can provide a scientific basis for improving the prevention and treatment of leprosy by proposing targeted intervention measures. A retrospective study was conducted to compile 161 cases of misdiagnosed or delayed diagnosis of leprosy in Hubei Province during 1990 to 2020 from the National Leprosy Prevention and Control Management Information System and the background information of regional leprosy control centers in Hubei Province. Among 161 study subjects, the shortest delay period was 25.30 months for cases aged 15 to 20 years, the longest delay period was 67.09 months for cases aged 51 to 60 years, the shortest delay period was 35.33 months for type TN cases, and the longest delay period was 75.17 months for type I cases. There were 71 cases (44.10%) misdiagnosed, and the top 5 misdiagnosed disease names were rash 23 cases (32.39%). Top 5 misdiagnosed cases were rash 23 (32.39%), rheumatism 10 (14.08%), skin ulceration 9 (12.68%), dermatitis 9 (12.68%), neuritis 9 (12.68%). In the prophet prediction, the overall trend of leprosy misdiagnosis was increasing and within 1 year the number is fluctuant. The training of medical personnel at all levels on leprosy prevention and treatment should be strengthened, and the public awareness of leprosy prevention and treatment should be enhanced.