ABSTRACT
The present work introduces a systematic decision making process which, based on Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis - Matching, is aimed at supporting the selection of pedagogical strategies according to the theoretical paradigms provided by the Color Theory and the Learning Styles concept. This novel procedure is illustrated by an example which allowed comparison with the traditional decision mechanism. The results show that the innovation is valuable for case, since it allows a more tuned-to-reality solution that prioritizes relevant pedagogical strategies and discards insignificant ones. Another underlying advantage of this novel process as compared to the traditional one is the possibility it offers to develop a broader and more detailed analysis, since it provides both the set of pedagogical strategies for a course or group of students and a personalized analysis for each student, thus facilitating the teacher's work.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes: el excesivo consumo de sodio se relaciona con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas. Mejor conocimiento poblacional debería influir sobre su menor consumo. Objetivo: comparar el conocimiento y las prácticas del uso de la sal/sodio en la alimentación de adultos de Medellín, Colombia, según el sexo. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo exploratorio transversal, realizado en 155 hombres y 167 mujeres con edades entre 18 y 50 años, de Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta sobre conocimientos y consumo de sodio. Resultados: se detectaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) según el sexo, a favor de las mujeres, en el conocimiento de la hipertensión arterial (54,5 % frente a los hombres 43,2 %), uso de sal dietética (53,9 % frente a los hombres 35,5 %) y riesgo para la salud del consumo de sodio en exceso (54,5 % frente a los hombres 43,2 %). Al 79,4 % de las mujeres y al 84,4 % de los hombres les gusta consumir alimentos con sal. Se encontraron incoherencias en la relación entre conocimientos y prácticas alimentarias. El análisis del factor reveló diferencias según el sexo en el consumo de frutas con sal, cerveza michelada y uso de sal dietética (p=0,0004). Conclusiones: existen diferencias según el sexo sobre el conocimiento del sodio y sus efectos sobre la salud. Hay incoherencias entre los conocimientos sobre el sodio y las prácticas alimentarias.
Abstract Background: Excessive sodium consumption is linked to chronic degenerative diseases. Increased population knowledge about sodium should help reduce it's consumption. Objective: To compare the knowledge and practices of the use of salt/sodium in food for men and women in Medellin, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional exploratory study of 155 men and 167 women aged 18-50 from Medellin, Colombia. Participants were given a survey on sodium consumption practices and knowledge. Results: Significant differences were found (p<0.05) by sex, in favor of women, regarding knowledge of arterial hypertension (54.5% vs. men 43.2%), use of salt substitutes (53.9% vs. men 35.5%) and health risk of excess sodium intake (54.5% vs. men 43.2%). 79.4% of women and 84.4% of men enjoy eating foods with salt. Inconsistencies were found in the relationship between knowledge and dietary practices. The factor analysis revealed differences by sex in consumption of fruit with salt, beer drunk from a salt-rimmed glass, and salt substitutes (p=0.0004). Conclusions: There are differences by sex about the knowledge of sodium and its effects on health. There is inconsistency between knowledge about sodium and dietary practices.