ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To summarize evidence regarding microbial dysbiosis of the airway associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to explore heterogeneity among studies. STUDY DESIGN: We included studies that evaluated the airway microbiome in preterm infants who developed BPD using culture-independent molecular techniques and reported alpha- and beta-diversity metrics and microbial profiles. RESULTS: The 6 included studies had substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity. Most studies reported the presence of an airway microbiome early after birth and an evolution in the first weeks of life with increasing bacterial loads. The early airway microbiome was dominated by Staphylococcus and Ureaplasma spp. Two studies reported differences in alpha- and beta- diversity indices in preterm infants with BPD compared with those who did not develop BPD. Increased microbial community turnover, changes in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and decreased Lactobacilli were reported with BPD progression. Most included infants were born by cesarean delivery, and a majority were exposed to postnatal antibiotics. No data regarding feeding human milk or correlations with the development of gut microbiota (gut-lung axis) were available. CONCLUSIONS: Microbial dysbiosis may be associated with BPD progression and severity, and further study of microbiome optimization in preterm infants at risk for BPD is warranted.
Subject(s)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/microbiology , Dysbiosis/complications , Microbiota/genetics , Respiratory System/microbiology , Dysbiosis/genetics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, PrematureABSTRACT
La obesidad, el síndrome metabólico y la diabetes tipo 2 son los principales problemas de salud pública. Recientemente, ha aumentado el interés en relación al posible papel de la microbiota intestinal como nuevos contribuyentes al aumento de la prevalencia de estos tres trastornos. Los avances recientes en las tecnologías de secuenciación de ADN microbianos han dado lugar a la aplicación generalizada de tecnologías de secuenciación del genoma entero para el análisis de ADN metagenómico en ecosistemas complejos, tales como el intestino humano. La evidencia actual sugiere que la microbiota intestinal afecta a la adquisición de nutrientes, la obtención de energía, y un sinfín de rutas metabólicas del huésped. Avances en el Proyecto de la Microbiota Humana y la investigación de la metagenómica conducirán hacia una mayor comprensión de la importancia y el papel de la microbiota intestinal en los trastornos metabólicos tales como la obesidad, síndrome metabólico y diabetes.
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes are major public health challenges. Recently, interest has surged regarding the possible role of the intestinal microbiota as potential novel contributors to the increased prevalence of these 3 disorders. Recent advances in microbial DNA sequencing technologies have resulted in the widespread application of whole-genome sequencing technologies for metagenomic DNA analysis of complex ecosystems such as the human gut. Current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota affect nutrient acquisition, energy harvest, and a myriad of host metabolic pathways. Advances in the Human Microbiome Project and human metagenomics research will lead the way toward a greater understanding of the importance and role of the gut microbiome in metabolic disorders such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , ObesityABSTRACT
La obesidad, el síndrome metabólico y la diabetes tipo 2 son los principales problemas de salud pública. Recientemente, ha aumentado el interés en relación al posible papel de la microbiota intestinal como nuevos contribuyentes al aumento de la prevalencia de estos tres trastornos. Los avances recientes en las tecnologías de secuenciación de ADN microbianos han dado lugar a la aplicación generalizada de tecnologías de secuenciación del genoma entero para el análisis de ADN metagenómico en ecosistemas complejos, tales como el intestino humano. La evidencia actual sugiere que la microbiota intestinal afecta a la adquisición de nutrientes, la obtención de energía, y un sinfín de rutas metabólicas del huésped. Avances en el Proyecto de la Microbiota Humana y la investigación de la metagenómica conducirán hacia una mayor comprensión de la importancia y el papel de la microbiota intestinal en los trastornos metabólicos tales como la obesidad, síndrome metabólico y diabetes.(AU)
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes are major public health challenges. Recently, interest has surged regarding the possible role of the intestinal microbiota as potential novel contributors to the increased prevalence of these 3 disorders. Recent advances in microbial DNA sequencing technologies have resulted in the widespread application of whole-genome sequencing technologies for metagenomic DNA analysis of complex ecosystems such as the human gut. Current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota affect nutrient acquisition, energy harvest, and a myriad of host metabolic pathways. Advances in the Human Microbiome Project and human metagenomics research will lead the way toward a greater understanding of the importance and role of the gut microbiome in metabolic disorders such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.(AU)