Effect of High Magnesium and Astragaloside IV on Vascular Endothelial Cells.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the main treatment for patients with severe coronary vascular stenosis. However, In-stent neo-atherosclerosis (ISNA) is an important clinical complication in patients after PCI, which is mainly caused by a persistent inflammatory response and endothelial insufficiency. In the cardiovascular field, magnesium-based scaffolds stand out due to their properties. Magnesium plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular physiology. Magnesium deficiency can promote endothelial cell dysfunction, which contributes to the formation of atherosclerosis. Since astragaloside IV (AS­IV) has been proven to have potent cardioprotective effects, we asked whether high levels of magnesium cooperate with AS­IV might have effects on endothelial function and ISNA. We performed in vitro experiments on endothelial cells. Being treated with different concentrations of magnesium or/and AS-IV, the cell growth and migration were detected by CCK-8 and wound healing assay, respectively. The pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and NF-kB were determined by qRT-PCR, ELISA kits or western blot. Results showed that high magnesium and AS-IV improved endothelial function, including promoting cell migration and decreasing the content of TNF-α, IL-6, VCAM-1, and NF-kB. With the supplement of AS-IV, additive magnesium maintains cell proliferation, migration, and function of endothelial cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that high magnesium and AS­IV could improve vascular endothelial dysfunction. Early detection and treatment for neo-atherosclerosis may be of great clinical significance for improving stent implantation efficacy and long-term prognosis.

Tri-state logic computation by activating DNA origami chains.

The invention of DNA nanotechnology has enabled molecular computation as a promising substitute for traditional semiconductors which are limited to two-dimensional architectures and by heating problems resulting from densification. Current studies of logic gates achieved using DNA molecules are predominately focused on two-state operations (AND, OR, etc.); however, realizing tri-state logic (high impedance Z) in DNA computation is understudied. Here we actively fold DNA origami chain-like hinged rods to induce conformational changes that return tri-state logic signals. We use rigid six helix-bundle (6HB) DNA origami to self-assemble a linear trimer chain as a circuit platform with functional single-stranded (ss) DNA near each semi-flexible hinge. The presence or absence of ssDNA enable and input strands allows hybridization to take place at the hinges, activating one fold (0) or two folds (1) from the straight linear geometry (defined as High-Z) of the trimer chain. We design two different tri-state logic gate platforms, buffer and inverter, with corresponding enable/input ssDNA to unambiguously return tri-state signals, characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and/or agarose gel electrophoresis (GEL). Our work on tri-state logic significantly enhances DNA computation beyond the current two-state Boolean logic with both research and industrial applications, including cellular treatments and living matter utilizing the biocompatibility of DNA molecules.

Application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health to disability assessment for older people in China.

Background: In the previous research, the Disability Assessment Scale based on ICF had been constructed for LTC insurance in China. To apply this scale in further studies, it is essential to establish assessment standards for disability levels. Objective: To establish standardized disability classification criteria and identify the disability statuses and levels in older people. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which 1,610 older individuals in 15 long-term care institutions in China were assessed by the disability assessment scale based on ICF. Cluster analysis was used for classification of the disability levels. Mean (SD) and median (IQR) were used to describe the scores for each item and each dimension. Results: The total scores of the disability assessment scale were classified into six disability levels. The overall disability level of the 1,610 participants was moderate-to-severe. The disability in the dimension of "self-care ability and activity" was the most obvious and severe. Conclusion: The Disability Assessment Scale is capable of identifying disability statuses and levels of older people, and it can serve as a valuable tool for investigating the disabilities among old people and for conducting cross-national comparisons of disability levels.

Emerging insights into cuproptosis and copper metabolism: implications for age-related diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.

The expanding geriatric population, whose predisposition toward disabling morbidities and age-related diseases (ARD) is well-documented, has become a paramount social issue, exerting an onerous burden on both the healthcare industry and wider society. ARD manifest as the progressive deterioration of bodily tissues and organs, eventually resulting in the failure of these vital components. At present, no efficacious measures exist to hinder the onset of ARD. Copper, an essential trace element, is involved in a wide range of physiological processes across different cell types. In recent research, a novel variant of copper-dependent cell death, termed cuproptosis, has been identified. This mode of cellular demise stands apart from previously recognized types of cell death. Cuproptosis occurs when copper binds with acyl-CoA synthetase in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in protein aggregation and protein toxicity stress, ultimately leading to cell death. In this paper, we provide a concise overview of the current understanding concerning the metabolism of copper, copper-related diseases, the hallmarks of copper toxicity, and the mechanisms that regulate copper toxicity. Additionally, we discuss the implications of cuproptosis mutations in the development of ARD, as well as the potential for targeting cuproptosis as a treatment for ARD.

Genetically predicted gut microbiota mediate the association between plasma lipidomics and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

BACKGROUND: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a complex disease with pathogenic mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. Previous observational studies with small sample sizes have reported associations between PSC, dyslipidemia, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the causality of these associations is uncertain, and there has been no systematic analysis to date. METHODS: The datasets comprise data on PSC, 179 lipid species, and 412 gut microbiota species. PSC data (n = 14,890) were sourced from the International PSC Study Group, while the dataset pertaining to plasma lipidomics originated from a study involving 7174 Finnish individuals. Data on gut microbiota species were derived from the Dutch Microbiome Project study, which conducted a genome-wide association study involving 7738 participants. Furthermore, we employed a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to quantify the proportion of the effect of gut microbiota-mediated lipidomics on PSC. RESULTS: Following a rigorous screening process, our MR analysis revealed a causal relationship between higher levels of gene-predicted Phosphatidylcholine (O-16:1_18:1) (PC O-16:1_18:1) and an increased risk of developing PSC (inverse variance-weighted method, odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.63). There is insufficient evidence to suggest that gene-predicted PSC impacts the levels of PC O-16:1_18:1 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.05). When incorporating gut microbiota data into the analysis, we found that Eubacterium rectale-mediated genetic prediction explains 17.59% of the variance in PC O-16:1_18:1 levels. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a causal association between PC O-16:1_18:1 levels and PSC, with a minor portion of the effect mediated by Eubacterium rectale. This study aims to further explore the pathogenesis of PSC and identify promising therapeutic targets. For patients with PSC who lack effective treatment options, the results are encouraging.

Identification and treatment of intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus in childhood: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Intestinal malrotation is a rare condition, and its delayed diagnosis can lead to fatal consequences. This study aimed to investigate the identification and treatment of malrotation in children. Methods: Clinical data, imaging, operative findings, and early postoperative outcomes of 75 children with malrotation were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age was 6.18 ± 4.93 days and 51.26 ± 70.13 months in the neonatal group (56 patients) and non-neonatal group (19 patients), respectively. Sixty-seven patients were under the age of 1 year at the time of diagnosis. The occurrence of bilious vomiting and jaundice was significantly higher in the neonatal group (89.29%) than that in the non-neonatal group (37.5%), p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. The incidence of abnormal ultrasound (US) findings was 97.30% and 100%, respectively, and the sensitivities of the upper gastrointestinal series were 84.21% and 87.5%, respectively. Sixty-six (88%) patients had midgut volvulus, including in utero volvulus (two patients) and irreversible intestinal ischemia (four patients). Most neonates (89.29%) underwent open Ladd's procedure with a shorter operative time (p < 0.01). Reoperation was performed for postoperative complications (four patients) or missed comorbidities (two patients). Conclusions: Non-bilious vomiting was the initial symptom in >10% of neonates and nearly 40% of non-neonates. This highlights the importance for emergency physicians and surgeons to be cautious about ruling out malrotation in patients with non-bilious vomiting. Utilizing US can obviate the need for contrast examinations owing to its higher diagnostic accuracy and rapid diagnosis and can be recommended as a first-line imaging technique. Additionally, open surgery is still an option for neonatal patients.

Enhanced Fill Factor and Efficiency of Ternary Organic Solar Cells by a New Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Small Molecule Acceptor.

Asymmetric non-fullerene small molecules acceptor (as-NF-SMAs) exhibit greater vitality in photovoltaic materials compared to their symmetric counterparts due to their larger dipole moments and stronger intermolecular interactions, which facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transmission in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we introduced a new as-NF-SMAs, named IDT-TNIC, as the third component in ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs). The asymmetric IDT-TNIC used indacenodithiophene (IDT) as the central core, alkylthio-thiophene as a unilateral π-bridge and extended end groups as electron-withdrawing. Due to the non-covalent conformational lock (NCL) established between O···S and S···S, the IDT-TNIC molecule preserves its coplanar structure effectively. Furthermore, IDT-TNIC exhibits complementary absorption and excellent compatibility with donor and acceptor materials, as well as optimized ladder energy level arrangement, resulting in a higher and more balanced µh/µe value, more homogeneous and suitable phase separation morphology in TOSCs. Thus, the PCE of the TOSCs reached 17% when the weight ratio of PM6:Y6:IDT-TNIC was 1:1.1:0.1, and it is noteworthy that when the device area was increased to 1 cm2, the PCE could still be maintained at over 14%. Detailed studies and analysis indicate that IDT-TNIC has great potential as a third component in OSCs and for large-scale printing in the future.

Nontarget Discovery of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Sulfonyl Halides in Soils by Integration of Derivatization and Specific Fragment-Based Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Screening.

Though long recognized as synthetic precursors to other poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), most poly- and perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl halides (PASXs) cannot be directly measured and have generally received minimal attention. Inspired by the redox reaction between sulfonyl halide groups and p-toluenethiol in organic chemistry, we developed a novel nontarget analysis strategy for PASXs by intergrating derivatization and specific fragment-based liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry screening for m/z 82.961 [SO2F-] and m/z 95.934 [S2O2-]. By using this strategy, we discovered 11 PASXs, namely, perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl fluorides (5), polyfluoroalkyl sulfonyl fluorides (2), unsaturated perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl fluoride (1), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl chlorides (3) in soil samples collected from an abandoned fluorochemical manufacturing park. These average ∑PASXs concentrations were 1120 µg kg-1 (range: 9.7-9860 µg kg-1), which were very likely to be the key intermediates and undesired byproducts of electrochemical fluorination processes. Spatial variation in the mass ratio of ∑PASXs to ∑PFSAs (range: 0.7-795%) also indicates their different transportation pathways. More importantly, the decline of PASXs and increase of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (when compared to a prior study at this site) suggest the continued hydrolysis of PASXs and the relatively fast environmental transformation rates in the abandoned fluorochemical park soils. Overall, these findings demonstrated the utility of a novel nontarget analysis strategy, which may change most PASXs from inferred precursors to measured intermediates and further could be adapted for structures, distribution, and transformation studies of PFASXs in other matrices.

Protein profile of circulating extracellular vesicles reveals biomarker candidates for diagnosis of post-traumatic deep vein thrombosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication after trauma and mostly without specific symptoms. Timely diagnosis and early appropriate treatment measures can prevent further development of thrombosis for patients with traumatic lower extremity fractures. Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) are confirmed as promising disease biomarkers, little is known about the role of altered levels and composition in the diagnosis of post-traumatic DVT. METHOD: The levels of circulating EVs subgroups were measured using flow cytometry. Isolated EVs were characterized and subjected to proteomics analysis to screen for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between DVT and non-DVT patients. Regularized logistic regression analysis based on L2 penalty terms using R's caret package was applied to build a model for DVT diagnosis. RESULTS: Compared to non-DVT patients, DVT patients had higher circulating hepatocyte-derived EVs (hEVs) with good predictive value for post-traumatic DVT diagnosis. The results of the proteomic analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of circulating EVs between the DVT group and non-DVT group were enriched in the complement and coagulation cascade. Finally, an integrated model of five biomarkers including SERPING1, C8G, CFH, FIX, and hEVs level was established for post-traumatic DVT diagnosis with robust identification of the traumatic patients with and without DVT (AUC 0.972). CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic DVT patients had changed levels and composition of circulating EVs compared to non-DVT patients and healthy controls. Circulating EVs may acquire pathological protein signatures and become potential biomarkers for identifying subjects' post-traumatic DVT.

TRIM Expression in HNSCC: Exploring the Link Between Ubiquitination, Immune Infiltration, and Signaling Pathways Through Bioinformatics.

Objective: Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification. However, the significance of the TRIM family of E3 ubiquitin ligases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been determined. In this study, the roles of TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligases in lymphovascular invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were evaluated. Materials and Methods: TRIM expression and related parameters were obtained from UbiBrowser2.0, UALCAN, TIMER, TISIDB, LinkedOmics, STRING, and GeneMANIA databases. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm their expression. Results: TRIM2, TRIM11, TRIM28, and TRIM56 were upregulated in HNSCC with lymphovascular invasion. TRIM expression was strongly associated with immune infiltration, including key treatment targets, like PD-1 and CTL4. Co-expressed genes and possible ubiquitination substrates included tumor-related factors. The TRIMs had predicted roles in ubiquitination-related pathways and vital signaling pathways, eg, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Conclusion: Ubiquitination mediated by four TRIMs might be involved in the regulation of tumor immunity, laying the foundation for future studies of the roles of the TRIM family on the prediction and personalized medicine in HNSCC. The four TRIMs might exert oncogenic effects by promoting lymphovascular invasion in HNSCC.

Transcriptional regulation of TacL-mediated lipoteichoic acids biosynthesis by ComE during competence impacts pneumococcal transformation.

Competence development is essential for bacterial transformation since it enables bacteria to take up free DNA from the surrounding environment. The regulation of teichoic acid biosynthesis is tightly controlled during pneumococcal competence; however, the mechanism governing this regulation and its impact on transformation remains poorly understood. We demonstrated that a defect in lipoteichoic acid ligase (TacL)-mediated lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) biosynthesis was associated with impaired pneumococcal transformation. Using a fragment of tacL regulatory probe as bait in a DNA pulldown assay, we successfully identified several regulatory proteins, including ComE. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that phosphomimetic ComE, but not wild-type ComE, exhibited specific binding to the probe. DNase I footprinting assays revealed the specific binding sequences encompassing around 30 base pairs located 31 base pairs upstream from the start codon of tacL. Expression of tacL was found to be upregulated in the ΔcomE strain, and the addition of exogenous competence-stimulating peptide repressed the tacL transcription in the wild-type strain but not the ΔcomE mutant, indicating that ComE exerted a negative regulatory effect on the transcription of tacL. Mutation in the JH2 region of tacL upstream regulatory sequence led to increased LTAs abundance and displayed higher transformation efficiency. Collectively, our work identified the regulatory mechanisms that control LTAs biosynthesis during competence and thereby unveiled a repression mechanism underlying pneumococcal transformation.

Organic-inorganic hybrid interfaces with π-d electron coupling for preventing metal and sulfur leaching toward enhanced oxygen evolution reaction.

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) catalysts with high catalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity have been extensively studied, especially Fe and Co-based sulfides. Fe and Co active sites with a strong synergistic effect, which can adjust the electron density distribution and effectively improve the electrocatalytic OER activity. However, TMSs have poor stability in alkaline environment caused by metal ions and sulfur elements are facilitated to dissolve. In this work, TMSs was modified by polyaniline (PANI) to inhibit the precipitation of iron, cobalt, and sulfur elements and enhance its stability under alkaline conditions. Moreover, π-d structure can also be formed by the coating of PANI, which can further adjust its own electronic structure on the basis of stabilizing the TMSs structure, so as to improve the electrochemical performance, rendering them to stably operate at harsh environment for more than 90 h. These findings offer new guidance for improving the electrocatalytic stability of TMSs.

Chiral Linker Installation in a Metal-Organic Framework for Enantioselective Luminescent Sensing.

Linker installation is a potent strategy for integrating specific properties and functionalities into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This method enhances the structural diversity of frameworks and enables the precise construction of robust structures, complementing the conventional postsynthetic modification approaches, by fully leveraging open metal sites and active organic linkers at targeting locations. Herein, we demonstrated an insertion of a d-camphorate linker into a flexible Zr-based MOF, PCN-700, through linker installation. The resultant homochiral MOF not only exhibits remarkable stability but also functions as a highly efficient luminescent material for enantioselective sensing. Competitive absorption and energy/electron transfer processes contribute to the sensing performance, while the difference in binding affinities dominates the enantioselectivity. This work presents a straightforward route to crafting stable homochiral MOFs for enantioselective sensing.

[Clinical Multi-features Analysis of Cystic Lung Adenocarcinoma 
and Construction of Invasive Risk Prediction Model].

BACKGROUND: Cystic lung cancer, a special type of lung cancer, has been paid more and more attention. The most common pathological type of cystic lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. The invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma is vital for the selection of clinical treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyze the multiple clinical features of cystic lung adenocarcinoma, explore the independent risk factors of its invasiveness, and establish a risk prediction model. METHODS: A total of 129 cases of cystic lung adenocarcinoma admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into pre-invasive group [atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA)] and invasive group [invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC)] according to pathological findings. There were 47 cases in the pre-invasive group, including 19 males and 28 females, with an average age of (51.23±14.96) years. There were 82 cases in the invasive group, including 60 males and 22 females, with an average age of (61.27±11.74) years. Multiple clinical features of the two groups were collected, including baseline data, imaging data and tumor markers. Univariate analysis, LASSO regression and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen out the independent risk factors of the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma, and the risk prediction model was established. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, age, gender, smoking history, history of emphysema, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), number of cystic airspaces, lesion diameter, cystic cavity diameter, nodule diameter, solid components diameter, cyst wall nodule, smoothness of cyst wall, shape of cystic airspace, lobulation, short burr sign, pleural retraction, vascular penetration and bronchial penetration were statistically different between the pre-invasive group and invasive groups (P<0.05). The above variables were processed by LASSO regression dimensionality reduction and screened as follows: age, gender, smoking history, NSE, number of cystic airspaces, lesion diameter, cystic cavity diameter, cyst wall nodule, smoothness of cyst wall and lobulation. Then the above variables were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Cyst wall nodule (P=0.035) and lobulation (P=0.001) were found to be independent risk factors for the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The prediction model was established as follows: P=e^x/(1+e^x), x=-7.927+1.476* cyst wall nodule+2.407* lobulation, and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.950. CONCLUSIONS: Cyst wall nodule and lobulation are independent risk factors for the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma, which have certain guiding significance for the prediction of the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma.

Phosphorus release and distribution in sediment resuspension systems under disturbing conditions.

The resuspension of phosphorus (P) in sediments has the most significant contribution to the overlying water. The PP release characterization during resuspension was investigated. The results indicated that the P in suspensions had more release risk compared to the sediments. The particulate P (PP) concentration (0.54 mg L-1) under high-intensity rotational speed (250 rad min-1) was about five times higher than others (0.11 mg L-1). The sorption parameters of zero equilibrium P concentration (EPC0F) and soluble reactive P (SRP) were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.01, r = 0.73). Suspended solids expressed stronger P source than sediments. The values of EPC0F was highly significantly correlated with the sorption coefficient (KF) and native adsorbed P (NAP) (p < 0.01). The mean values of NAP were 0.0612 mg g-1 and 0.0604 mg g-1 in the Prophase and Metaphase, respectively, and 0.0586 mg g-1 at Anaphase. The values of P sorption index (PSI) ranged from 0.4359 to 0.6862 L g-1, with mean values of 0.5350 L g-1 (Prophase), 0.6061 L g-1 (Metaphase), and 0.4967 L g-1 (Anaphase). The degree of P saturation (DPS) decreased in the order of Anaphase (2.73%) > Prophase (2.53%) > Metaphase (2.12%). The release risk index of P (ERI) decreased in the order of Anaphase (5.47%) > Prophase (4.72%) > Metaphase (3.59%), with a range of 2.12%-8.56%. To fast and slow scale, the results of NaOH-P (V1<0, V2>0) contribution indicated that the persistent disturbance promoted the release of adsorbed dissolved PP from NaOH-P in suspended sediment to the overlying water. The contribution of HCl-P (V2 > 0) was positive in the Anaphase of the slow scale, and HCl-P was a PP source in the frequently disturbing conditions.

Validation of Baveno VII criteria for clinically significant portal hypertension by two-dimensional shear wave elastography.

BACKGROUND: The Baveno VII consensus proposed criteria for the non-invasively diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). The performance of Baveno VII criteria for assessing CSPH by two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) had not been well validated. We aimed to validate the performance of Baveno VII criteria for rule-in and rule-out CSPH by 2D-SWE. METHOD: This is an international multicenter study including cACLD patients from China and Croatia with paired liver stiffness measurement (LSM), spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) by 2D-SWE, and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) were included. CSPH was defined as HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg. RESULT: A total of 146 patients with cACLD were enrolled, and finally 118 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, CSPH was documented in 79 (66.9%) patients. Applying the Baveno VII criteria for rule-out CSPH by 2D-SWE, [LSM ≤ 15 kPa and platelet count ≥ 150 × 109/L] OR SSM < 21 kPa, could exclude CSPH with sensitivity > 90% (93.5 or 98.7%) but negative predictive value < 90% (74.1 or 85.7%). Using the Baveno VII criteria for rule-in CSPH by 2D-SWE, LSM ≥ 25 kPa OR SSM ≥ 50 kPa, could diagnose CSPH with 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive values. CONCLUSION: Baveno VII criteria by 2D-SWE showed a good diagnostic performance for ruling in but not for ruling out CSPH, which might become an emerging non-invasive elastography tool to select the patients who needed non-selective beta blocker therapy.

Health risk perception and exercise intention of college students: a moderated mediation model of health anxiety and lay theories of health.

Background: Health risk perception is an important predictor of health-protective behaviors according to the health belief model. However, the underlying mechanism connecting health risk perception and exercise behaviors is not well understood. The current study investigates how health risk perception predicts college students' exercise intention in the post-pandemic era in China and analyzes the mediating effect of health anxiety and the moderating effect of lay theories of health. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study adopted convenience sampling and recruited 767 students from a province in central China. The Health Risk Perception Scale, Health Anxiety Scale, Lay Theories of Health Scale, and the Chinese version of the Exercise Intention Scale were used to measure the levels of health risk perception, health anxiety, implicit health theory, and exercise intention, respectively. Results: The results of the moderated mediation model indicated that the health risk perception of college students significantly and positively affected exercise intention (ß = 0.110, t = 2.852, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the indirect effect of health anxiety on the relationship between health risk perception and exercise intention was significant. Furthermore, lay theories of health buffered the association between health anxiety and exercise intention, according to the moderated mediation analysis (ß = 0.068, t = 2.067, p < 0.05). For college students holding incremental health theory, the influence of health anxiety on exercise intention was positively and statistically significant. Conclusion: The health risk perception of college students can lead to health anxiety, which can positively affect their exercise intention. In addition, lay theories of health can moderate the effect of health anxiety on exercise intention. The results have practical implications for developing effective, applicable, and scalable interventions to promote physical exercise by reducing the level of entity theory of health or increasing the level of incremental theory.

Surface Facets Reconstruction in Copper-Based Materials for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction.

The unavoidable and unpredictable surface reconstruction of metallic copper (Cu) during the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction process is a double-edged sword affecting the production of high-value-added hydrocarbon products. It is crucial to control the surface facet reconstruction and regulate the targeted facets/facet interfaces, and further understand the mechanism between activity/selectivity and the reconstructed structure of Cu for CO2 reduction. Based on the current catalyst design methods, a facile strategy combining chemical reduction and electro-reduction is proposed to achieve specified Cu(111) facets and the Cu(110)/(111) interfaces in reconstructed Cu derived from cuprous oxide (Cu2O). The surface facet reconstruction significantly boosted the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into multi-carbon (C2+) products comparing to the unmodified catalyst. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the Cu(110)/(111)s interface between Cu(110) and a small amount of Cu(111) can tailor the reaction routes and lower the reaction energy barrier of C-C coupling to ethylene (C2H4). The work will guide the surface facets reconstruction strategy for Cu-based CO2 electrocatalysts, providing a promising paradigm to understand the structural variation in catalysts.

Expert consensus on the clinical application of immunotherapy in breast cancer: 2024.

Background: Significant progress has been made in immunotherapy of breast cancer (BC) with the approval of multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly in early and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) settings. Most guidelines have recommended immune therapy as the important approach in BC, yet several critical aspects still require further clarification, including proper patient selection, treatment duration, optimized chemotherapy partner, predictive biomarkers, and specific considerations for Chinese patients. Methods: (I) Establishment of expert group: the expert group consists of 32 experts from departments such as medical oncology, breast surgery, and pathology; (II) literature search: mainly conducted in English databases (such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Wanfang Database), with a search cutoff date of April 23, 2024; (III) assessment of evidence quality and recommendation strength: evidence quality and recommendation opinions are graded based on the evidence category and recommendation level of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) guidelines; (IV) consensus formulation: on the March 2, 2024, through online consensus meeting, the consensus content is thoroughly discussed, and opinions from all experts are solicited. Results: The consensus meeting has resulted in 15 detailed recommendations, providing clearer guidance on the clinical application of immunotherapy in BC management. The core suggestions are as follows: for early-stage II-III TNBC and metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) in the first-line setting, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors can be considered. However, for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative BC (HR+/HER2- BC), HER2+ BC, and mTNBC in later lines of therapy, evidence is lacking to support the use of immunotherapy. Conclusions: This consensus provides a comprehensive overview of BC immunotherapy, including immunotherapy for early-stage BC and late-stage BC, immune related adverse event (irAE) management, biomarkers of immunotherapy, and future directions. The consensus consolidates these deliberations into 15 evidence-based recommendations, serving as a practical guide for clinicians to more scientifically and systematically manage the clinical application of immunotherapy.