Consistency of CSCO AI with Multidisciplinary Clinical Decision-Making Teams in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Artificial Intelligence System (CSCO AI) serves as a clinical decision support system developed utilizing Chinese breast cancer data. Our study delved into the congruence between breast cancer treatment recommendations provided by CSCO AI and their practical application in clinical settings. Methods: A retrospective analysis encompassed 537 breast cancer patients treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2017 and December 2022. Proficient senior oncology researchers manually input patient data into the CSCO AI system. "Consistent" and "Inconsistent" treatment categories were defined by aligning our treatment protocols with the classification system in the CSCO AI recommendations. Cases that initially showed inconsistency underwent a second evaluation by the Multi-Disciplinary Treatment (MDT) team at the hospital. Concordance was achieved when MDTs' treatment suggestions were in the 'Consistent' categories. Results: An impressive 80.4% concurrence was observed between actual treatment protocols and CSCO AI recommendations across all breast cancer patients. Notably, the alignment was markedly higher for stage I (85.02%) and stage III (88.46%) patients in contrast to stage II patients (76.06%, P=0.023). Moreover, there was a significant concordance between invasive ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma (88.46%). Interestingly, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibited a high concordance rate (87.50%) compared to other molecular subtypes. When contrasting MDT-recommended treatments with CSCO AI decisions, an overall 92.4% agreement was established. Furthermore, a logistic multivariate analysis highlighted the statistical significance of age, menstrual status, tumor type, molecular subtype, tumor size, and TNM stage in influencing consistency. Conclusion: In the realm of breast cancer treatment, the alignment between recommendations offered by CSCO AI and those from MDT is predominant. CSCO AI can be a useful tool for breast cancer treatment decisions.

Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination enhances the yield and flavor quality of kiwifruit.

Pollination is essential for achieving high yields and enhancing the quality of kiwifruit cultivation, both of which significantly influence growers' interests and consumers' preferences. However, compared to studies on yield, there are fewer studies exploring the impact of pollination methods on the flavor of kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis Planchon. This study examined the effects of bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination and artificial pollination on the yield and flavor of kiwifruit in the main producing areas of China. Compared with those pollinated artificially, bee-pollinated kiwifruit exhibited a greater fruit set rate, heavier fruit weight, and greater number of seeds. Notably, the number of seeds was positively correlated with fruit weight in bee-pollinated kiwifruit, whereas no such correlation was detected in artificially pollinated fruit. Bee pollination not only enhanced the yield but also improved the flavor of kiwifruit. Specifically, bee-pollinated kiwifruit contained higher levels of sucrose and lower concentrations of glucose and fructose, while the acid content was less affected by pollination methods. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in kiwifruit subjected to different pollination treatments, with bee-pollinated fruit exhibiting a superior flavor. Our findings provide new insights into the beneficial role of bee pollination in enhancing kiwifruit yield and quality, underscoring the crucial importance of bees in kiwifruit pollination.

Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia and cytomegalovirus DNA detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and concomitant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive pediatric patients admitted with CAP who tested positive for CMV DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed when routine treatment for CAP proved ineffective. The study participants were further stratified into two groups based on CMV serological test results: recent CMV infection group and CMV replication group. Clinical characteristics were compared between these two groups. Results: Among 124 patients aged 1-11 months included in this study, 80 (64.5%) patients were categorized as having recent CMV infection, and 44 (35.5%) tested positive for CMV replication. Co-infection with other pathogens was detected more frequently in the CMV replication group (n = 29, 65.9%) than in the recent CMV infection group (n = 35, 43.7%; P = 0.018). Patients with recent CMV infection were younger and exhibited higher levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase compared to those with CMV replication (all P < 0.05). Multivariable regression analysis showed age was independently associated with recent CMV infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.707; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.586-0.853; P < 0.001). Notably, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a CMV PCR level of 3,840 copies/ml in blood samples had a sensitivity of 34.7% and specificity of 90.0% for diagnosis of recent CMV infection with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.625 (95% CI: 0.513-0.736, P = 0.048). A CMV PCR level of 6,375 copies/ml in urine samples had a sensitivity of 77.1% and specificity of 61.5% for diagnosis of recent CMV infection with an AUC of 0.695 (95% CI: 0.531-0.858, P = 0.04). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the blood CMV DNA copy number was associated with ALT (B = 0.001; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The CMV DNA copy numbers in blood and urine could serve as discriminatory markers between recent CMV infection and CMV replication. Measuring CMV DNA levels in blood may be an effective method for monitoring liver function impairment in pediatric patients presenting with CAP and concurrent CMV infection.

Natural-source payloads used in the conjugated drugs architecture for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future directions.

Drug conjugates are obtained from tumor-located vectors connected to cytotoxic agents via linkers, which are designed to deliver hyper-toxic payloads directly to targeted cancer cells. These drug conjugates include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), nucleic acid aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), and virus-like drug conjugate (VDCs), which show great therapeutic value in the clinic. Drug conjugates consist of a targeting carrier, a linker, and a payload. Payloads are key therapy components. Cytotoxic molecules and their derivatives derived from natural products are commonly used in the payload portion of conjugates. The ideal payload should have sufficient toxicity, stability, coupling sites, and the ability to be released under specific conditions to kill tumor cells. Microtubule protein inhibitors, DNA damage agents, and RNA inhibitors are common cytotoxic molecules. Among these conjugates, cytotoxic molecules of natural origin are summarized based on their mechanism of action, conformational relationships, and the discovery of new derivatives. This paper also mentions some cytotoxic molecules that have the potential to be payloads. It also summarizes the latest technologies and novel conjugates developed in recent years to overcome the shortcomings of ADCs, PDCs, SMDCs, ApDCs, and VDCs. In addition, this paper summarizes the clinical trials conducted on conjugates of these cytotoxic molecules over the last five years. It provides a reference for designing and developing safer and more efficient conjugates.

Development and validation of a predictive model assessing the risk of sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Background: Sarcopenia is linked to an unfavorable prognosis in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Early identification and treatment of sarcopenia are clinically significant. This study aimed to create and validate a nomogram for predicting sarcopenia risk in RA patients, providing clinicians with a reliable tool for the early identification of high-risk patients. Methods: Patients with RA diagnosed between August 2022 and January 2024 were included and randomized into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis and multifactorial logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk variables for RA-associated muscle loss and to create an RA sarcopenia risk score. The predictive performance and clinical utility of the risk model were evaluated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curve and calculating the area under the curve (AUC), along with the calibration curve and clinical decision curve (DCA). Results: A total of 480 patients with RA were included in the study (90% female, with the largest number in the 45-59 age group, about 50%). In this study, four variables (body mass index, disease duration, hemoglobin, and grip strength) were included to construct a nomogram for predicting RA sarcopenia. The training and validation set AUCs were 0.915 (95% CI: 0.8795-0.9498) and 0.907 (95% CI: 0.8552-0.9597), respectively, proving that the predictive model was well discriminated. The calibration curve showed that the predicted values of the model were basically in line with the actual values, demonstrating good calibration. The DCA indicated that almost the entire range of patients with RA can benefit from this novel prediction model, suggesting good clinical utility. Conclusion: This study developed and validated a nomogram prediction model to predict the risk of sarcopenia in RA patients. The model can assist clinicians in enhancing their ability to screen for RA sarcopenia, assess patient prognosis, make early decisions, and improve the quality of life for RA patients.

Targeting Macrophage Phenotypes and Metabolism as Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Macrophage accumulation and activation function as hallmarks of atherosclerosis and have complex and intricate dynamics throughout all components and stages of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of macrophage phenotypes and metabolism in atherosclerosis. We highlight the diverse range of macrophage phenotypes present in atherosclerosis and their potential roles in progression and regression of atherosclerotic plaque. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Dysregulation of macrophage polarization between the proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypealters the immuno-inflammatory response during atherosclerosis progression, leading to plaque initiation, growth, and ultimately rupture. Altered metabolism of macrophage is a key feature for their function and the subsequent progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The immunometabolism of macrophage has been implicated to macrophage activation and metabolic rewiring of macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions, thereby shifting altered macrophage immune-effector and tissue-reparative function. Targeting macrophage phenotypes and metabolism are potential therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the precise function and metabolism of specific macrophage subsets and their contributions to the composition and growth of atherosclerotic plaques could reveal novel strategies to delay or halt development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their associated pathophysiological consequences. Identifying biological stimuli capable of modulating macrophage phenotypes and metabolism may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for treating patients with atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases.

Olivine-Type Fe2GeX4 (X = S, Se, and Te): A Novel Class of Anode Materials for Exceptional Sodium Storage Performance.

The introduction of abundant metals to form ternary germanium-based chalcogenides can dilute the high price and effectively buffer the volume variation of germanium. Herein, olivine-structured Fe2GeX4 (X = S, Se, and Te) are synthesized by a chemical vapor transport method to compare their sodium storage properties. A series of in situ and ex situ measurements validate a combined intercalation-conversion-alloying reaction mechanism of Fe2GeX4. Fe2GeS4 exhibits a high capacity of 477.9 mA h g-1 after 2660 cycles at 8 A g-1, and excellent rate capability. Furthermore, the Na3V2(PO4)3//Fe2GeS4 full cell delivers a capacity of 375.5 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, which is more than three times that of commercial hard carbon, with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.23%. Capacity-contribution and kinetic analyses reveal that the alloying reaction significantly contributes to the overall capacity and serves as the rate-determining step within the reaction for both Fe2GeS4 and Fe2GeSe4. Upon reaching a specific cycle threshold, the assessment of the kinetic properties of Fe2GeX4 primarily relies on the ion diffusion process that occurs during charging. This work demonstrates that Fe2GeX4 possesses promising practical potential to outperform hard carbon, offering valuable insights and impetus for the advancement of ternary germanium-based anodes.

Based on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Construct and Validate Nomogram of Long-Term Prognosis Within 12 Months for NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE: Construction nomogram was to effectively predict long-term prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The nomogram is developed by a retrospective study of 347 patients with NSCLC who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) before surgery from May 2019 to February 2022. Cross-validation divided the data into a training cohort and validation cohort. The discrimination and accuracy ability of the nomogram were proofed by concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC), and time-dependent ROC in validation cohort. RESULTS: Age, intraoperative blood loss, VO2 peak, and VE/VCO2 slope were included in the model of nomogram. The model demonstrated good discrimination and accuracy with C-index of 0.770 (95% CI: 0.712-0.822). AUC of 6 (AUC: 0.789, 95% CI: 0.726-0.851) and 12 months (AUC: 0.787, 95% CI: 0.724-0.850) were shown in ROC. Time-independent ROC maintains a good effect within 12 months. CONCLUSION: We developed a nomogram based on CPET. This model has a good ability of discrimination and accuracy. It could help clinicians to make treatment decision in clinical decision.

Promoting the healing of infected diabetic wound by nanozyme-containing hydrogel with anti-bacterial inflammation suppressing, ROS-scavenging and oxygen-generating properties.

Bacterial infections already pose a significant threat to skin wounds, especially in diabetic patients who have difficulty healing wounds. However, wound or bacterial infections are known to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hypoxia may further hinder wound healing and the development of chronic wounds. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel for ROS scavenging and bacterial inhibition was developed by cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) with graphene oxide (GO) loaded with silver-platinum hybrid nanoparticles (GO@Ag-Pt). The PVA/SA hydrogel loaded with GO@Ag-Pt exhibited the ability to scavenge different types of ROS, generate O2, and kill a broad spectrum of bacteria in vitro. The silver-platinum hybrid nanoparticles significantly increased the antibacterial ability against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared with silver nanoparticles (AgNps). GO@Ag-Pt loaded hydrogel was effective in treating infections caused by S.aureus, thereby significantly promoting wound healing during the inflammatory phase. Hydrogel therapy significantly reduced the level of ROS and alleviated inflammation levels. Notably, our ROS-scavenging, antibacterial hydrogels can be used to effectively treat various types of wounds, including difficult-to-heal diabetic wounds with bacterial infections. Thus, this study proposes an effective strategy for various chronic wound healing based on ROS clearance and bacteriostatic hydrogels.

Metabolic factors are not the direct mediators of the association between type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.

Objective: The causal relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis (OS) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship and explore the potential metabolic mechanism and its mediating role. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive study, gathering data on 490,089 T2DM patients from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database and selecting OS data from FinnGen and MRC-IEU sources, including 212,778 and 463,010 patients, respectively, for causal analysis. Simultaneously, we explored the potential roles of three obesity traits and 30 metabolic and inflammation-related mediating variables in the causal relationship. Results: There is a strong causal relationship between T2DM and OS. The data from our two different database sources appeared in the same direction, but after correcting for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), the direction became the same. T2DM may increase the risk of OS [odds ratio (OR) > 1.5, p < 0.001]. Steiger's test results show that there is no reverse causality. No risk factors related to glycolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and inflammation were found to mediate the causal relationship. Conclusion: This study's findings indicate a robust causal relationship between T2DM and OS, influenced by relevant factors such as BMI. Our results shed light on the pathogenesis of OS and underscore the importance for clinicians to treat metabolic disorders to prevent osteoporosis.

Research progress on the correlation between intestinal flora and colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in the world. With the rapid pace of life and changes in diet structure, the incidence and mortality of CRC increase year by year posing a serious threat to human health. As the most complex and largest microecosystem in the human body, intestinal microecology is closely related to CRC. It is an important factor that affects and participates in the occurrence and development of CRC. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology and metagenomics have provided new insights into the ecology of gut microbes. It also helps to link intestinal flora with CRC, and the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC can be continuously understood from different levels. This paper summarizes the relationship between intestinal flora and CRC and its potential role in the diagnosis of CRC providing evidence for early screening and treatment of CRC.

Ag nanoparticles at p-Si/ MAPbI3 perovskite interface: improved photo responsivity and response speed in photodetection.

Although enhanced performances of photovoltaic devices by embedding metal nanoparticals in charge transport layer, doping into active layer bulk, decorating the active layer surface, and inserting at the interface between semiconductor and the electrode were reported, the effect of incorporating metal NPs at the interface of single crystal semiconductor and perovskite is rarely tackled. Herein the effects of incorporating Ag nanoparticals (AgNPs) at p-Si/MAPbI3 perovskite interface on the photodiode performances were investigated. The results showed that compared with reference device (without AgNPs) the photoresponsivity of the device incorporating AgNPs is greatly improved with the exception for light with wavelengths fall in the spectral range where AgNPs have strong optical absorption. This effect is extremely significant for relatively shorter wavelengths in visible region, and a maximal improvement of around 10.6 times in photoresponsivity was achieved. The physical origin of the exception for spectral range that AgNPs have strong optical absorption is the cancelation of scatter resulted enhancement through AgNPs by band-to-band absorption resulted reduction of photocurrent, in which the generated electron has energy near the fermi level and the hole has large effective mass, which relax by nonradiative recombination, thus making not contribution to the photocurrent. More importantly, the AgNP decorated device showed much faster photo response speed than reference device, and a maximal improvement of around 7.9 times in rise and fall time was achieved. These findings provide a novel approach for high responsive and high speed detection for weak light.

Synthesis of α-ketoamides via oxidative amidation of diazo compounds with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines as nitrogen source and the oxidant.

A simple, efficient method has been described for the construction of an array of α-ketoamides from readily available O-benzoyl hydroxylamines and diazo compounds as starting materials. There was a combined use of CuI as a catalyst and H2O as the oxygen source. The investigation reveals that the O-benzoyl hydroxylamines serve a dual role as both an amine source and the oxidant in this mechanism, thereby obviating the need for additional oxidants in the transformation process. This methodology could give a wider range of products in good to excellent yields for most substrates, and thus, we provide a new idea for the synthesis of α-ketoamides.

A microRNA396b-Growth Regulating Factor module controls castor seed size by mediating auxin synthesis.

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an importance crop cultivated for its oil and economic value. Seed size is a crucial factor that determines crop yield. Gaining insight into the molecular regulatory processes of seed development is essential for the genetic enhancement and molecular breeding of castor. Here, we successfully fine-mapped a major QTL related to seed size, qSS3, to a 180 kb interval on chromosome 03 using F2 populations (DL01×WH11). A 17.6-kb structural variation (SV) was detected through genomic comparison between DL01 and WH11. Analysis of haplotypes showed that the existence of the complete 17.6 kb structural variant may lead to the small seed characteristic in castor. In addition, we found that qSS3 contains the microRNA396b (miR396b) sequence, which is situated within the 17.6 kb SV. The results of our experiment offer additional evidence that miR396-Growth Regulating Factor 4 (GRF4) controls seed size by impacting the growth and multiplication of seed coat and endosperm cells. Furthermore, we found that RcGRF4 activates the expression of YUCCA6 (YUC6), facilitating the production of IAA in seeds and thereby impacting the growth of castor seeds. Our research has discovered a crucial functional module that controls seed size, offering a fresh understanding of the mechanism underlying seed size regulation in castor.

Mechanisms of bacterial and fungal community assembly in leaf miners during transition from natural to laboratory environments.

Environmental heterogeneity partly drives microbial succession in arthropods, while the microbial assembly mechanisms during environmental changes remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the temporal dynamics and assembly mechanisms within both bacterial and fungal communities in Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) during the transition from field to laboratory conditions. We observed a decrease in bacterial diversity and complexity of bacterial-fungal co-occurrence networks in leaf miners transitioning from wild to captive environments. Both neutral and null models revealed that stochastic processes, particularly drift (contributing over 70%), play a crucial role in governing bacterial and fungal community assembly. The relative contribution of ecological processes such as dispersal, drift, and selection varied among leaf miners transitioning from wild to captive states. Furthermore, we propose a hypothetical scenario for the assembly and succession of microbial communities in the leaf miner during the short- and long-term transition from the wild to captivity. Our findings suggest that environmental heterogeneity determines the ecological processes governing bacterial and fungal community assembly in leaf miners, offering new insights into microbiome and mycobiome assembly mechanisms in invasive pests amidst environmental change.

Dietary cooking oils and cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate three features of dietary cooking oil intake, namely, the consumption, cooking style, and composition of fatty acids in relation to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population. METHODS: The elderly (≥ 65 years) participants for this study were recruited from two community health centers in the urban area of Shanghai. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on dietary oil consumption (low, medium and high) and cooking styles (fry or stir-fry vs. others) and the composition of fatty acids (poly-unsaturated vs. mono-unsaturated). The cardiometabolic measurements included anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids. RESULTS: The 1186 study participants had a mean age of 70.9 ± 5.4 years. The mean dietary oil consumption was 35.0 g/d, being low (< 25 g/d), medium (25-49 g/d) and high (≥ 50 g/d) in 485,467 and 234 participants, respectively. The proportion of the fry or stir-fry cooking style and oils rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acids was 30.4% and 27.4%, respectively. Both before and after adjustment for sex, age, current smoking and alcohol intake, dietary oil consumption was significantly (P ≤ 0.02) and positively associated with the prevalence of treated hypertension and fasting plasma glucose concentration. With similar adjustments as above and additional adjustment for dietary oil consumption, the fry or stir-fry cooking style was significantly (P ≤ 0.048) and positively associated with body mass index, but inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the dietary intake of oils rich in mono-unsaturated fat acids was significantly (P ≤ 0.02) and positively associated with diastolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that both the consumption and composition of fatty acids of the dietary oils mattered with regard to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.

Changes in the Objective Vision Quality of Adolescents in a Mesopic Visual Environment After Wearing Orthokeratology Lenses: A Prospective Study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate changes in objective vision quality in mesopic environments in teenagers with myopia after wearing orthokeratology (OK) lenses. METHODS: This prospective clinical study included 45 patients (80 eyes) who received OK lenses at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from March 2021 to September 2021. An Optical Path Difference-Scan III refractive power/corneal analyzer was used to determine the corneal topographic parameters (corneal e, corneal Q, surface asymmetry index (SAI), and surface regularity index (SRI)), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), axial length (AL) change, lens decentration, induced astigmatism, target power, and Strehl ratio (SR) in a mesopic visual environment after wearing OK lenses for 6 months. In addition, corneal morphological parameters, HOAs, and SR were analyzed in a mesopic visual environment. Finally, we investigated the correlations among corneal morphology, HOAs, AL change, lens decentration, induced astigmatism, and SR. RESULTS: The SAI value was significantly higher (P<0.01), and the corneal e was significantly lower (P<0.01), in a mesopic visual environment after wearing OK lenses for 1 week than baseline. A significant increase was observed in total HOAs and spherical aberrations, compared with before the OK lenses were worn (P<0.01). In addition, SR in the mesopic visual environment decreased significantly after wearing the lenses (P<0.01). No significant differences were observed (P>0.05) among the 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up findings. After 6 months, AL and lens decentration did not differ significantly compared with before (P>0.05), whereas induced astigmatism significantly increased (P<0.05). Negative correlations were observed between corneal Q, SAI, SRI, HOAs, induced astigmatism, and SR, and positive correlations were found between corneal e, AL change, lens decentration, and SR, after wearing OK lenses. KEY POINTS: • Wearing orthokeratology lenses significantly altered corneal morphology and HOAs in myopic teenagers within 1 week. • The changes that we observed in the eyes of adolescents with myopia after wearing orthokeratology lenses decreased vision quality in mesopic environments. • Strehl ratio is significantly correlated with multiple parameters, including HOAs, AL change, and lens decentration. CONCLUSIONS: In teenagers with myopia wearing OK lenses, significant changes in vision quality and corneal morphology were observed, leading to increased aberrations and affecting optical imaging quality. Furthermore, SR is significantly correlated with multiple parameters, including HOAs, AL change, and lens decentration. REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study is registered with the United States Clinical Trials Registry under registration number NCT04929119.

Mendelian randomization study to assess causality between diet and phenotype of aging.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Observational research findings have demonstrated correlations between diet and the process of aging. Nevertheless, there remains uncertainty regarding possible disruption caused by confounding variables. To elucidate the connections between diet and aging, we employed the Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The exposure factor was the daily diet, whereas accelerated aging was measured through telomere length, facial aging (FA), frailty index (FI), and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), representing the outcome factors. The primary analysis employed IVW analysis, with additional MR-Egger and Weighted Median analyses conducted to assess the reliability of the findings. Furthermore, we analyzed the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the results. RESULTS: The results revealed that the consumption of salad/raw vegetables and oily fish exhibited a negative correlation with FA, whereas coffee intake showed a positive correlation with FA. On the other hand, the intake of cheese, oily fish, dried fruit, and cereal showed negative associations with FI. Additionally, coffee, alcohol, and pork intake were positively associated with FI. Lastly, the intake of bread exhibited a positively correlated with SASPs, while the intake of cheese and coffee showed a negative correlation with SASPs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that the consumption of cheese, vegetables, oily fish, dried fruit, bread, coffee, and alcohol was associated with the aging process. Interestingly, our findings suggest that coffee intake may accelerate aging, whereas intake of oily fish may delay the aging process. However, it is important to note that further well-designed prospective studies are required to validate our findings in the future.

PIP-Seq identifies novel heterogeneous lung innate lymphocyte population activation after combustion product exposure.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous population that play diverse roles in airway inflammation after exposure to allergens and infections. However, how ILCs respond after exposure to environmental toxins is not well understood. Here we show a novel method for studying the heterogeneity of rare lung ILC populations by magnetic enrichment for lung ILCs followed by particle-templated instant partition sequencing (PIP-seq). Using this method, we were able to identify novel group 1 and group 2 ILC subsets that exist after exposure to both fungal allergen and burn pit-related constituents (BPC) that include dioxin, aromatic hydrocarbon, and particulate matter. Toxin exposure in combination with fungal allergen induced activation of specific ILC1/NK and ILC2 populations as well as promoted neutrophilic lung inflammation. Oxidative stress pathways and downregulation of specific ribosomal protein genes ( Rpl41 and Rps19 ) implicated in anti-inflammatory responses were present after BPC exposure. Increased IFNγ expression and other pro-neutrophilic mediator transcripts were increased in BPC-stimulated lung innate lymphoid cells. Further, the addition of BPC induced Hspa8 (encodes HSC70) and aryl hydrocarbon transcription factor activity across multiple lung ILC subsets. Overall, using an airway disease model that develops after occupational and environmental exposures, we demonstrate an effective method to better understand heterogenous ILC subset activation.

Unsupervised Adaptation Learning for Real Multiplatform Hyperspectral Image Denoising.

Real hyperspectral images (HSIs) are ineluctably contaminated by diverse types of noise, which severely limits the image usability. Recently, transfer learning has been introduced in hyperspectral denoising networks to improve model generalizability. However, the current frameworks often rely on image priors and struggle to retain the fidelity of background information. In this article, an unsupervised adaptation learning (UAL)-based hyperspectral denoising network (UALHDN) is proposed to address these issues. The core idea is first learning a general image prior for most HSIs, and then adapting it to a real HSI by learning the deep priors and maintaining background consistency, without introducing hand-crafted priors. Following this notion, a spatial-spectral residual denoiser, a global modeling discriminator, and a hyperspectral discrete representation learning scheme are introduced in the UALHDN framework, and are employed across two learning stages. First, the denoiser and the discriminator are pretrained using synthetic noisy-clean ground-based HSI pairs. Subsequently, the denoiser is further fine-tuned on the real multiplatform HSI according to a spatial-spectral consistency constraint and a background consistency loss in an unsupervised manner. A hyperspectral discrete representation learning scheme is also designed in the fine-tuning stage to extract semantic features and estimate noise-free components, exploring the deep priors specific for real HSIs. The applicability and generalizability of the proposed UALHDN framework were verified through the experiments on real HSIs from various platforms and sensors, including unmanned aerial vehicle-borne, airborne, spaceborne, and Martian datasets. The UAL denoising scheme shows a superior denoising ability when compared with the state-of-the-art hyperspectral denoisers.