[Retracted] lncRNA­u50535 promotes the progression of lung cancer by activating CCL20/ERK signaling.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the western blotting data shown in Fig. 4B and C on p. 1952, and the Transwell invasion assay data in Fig. 2F and 4I, had already appeared in previously published articles written by different authors at different research institutes (a number of which have been retracted). Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published prior to its submission to Oncology Reports, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Oncology Reports 42: 1946­1956, 2019; DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7302].

Research progress in stroke risk perception assessment tool.

BACKGROUND: One of the main illnesses in the globe that causes impairment and death in people is stroke. In the globe today, it ranks as the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of death in China. OBJECTIVE: This paper analyses into the critical role of risk perception in developing individual awareness of stroke risk and encouraging proactive preventive health behaviors, essential for effective primary stroke prevention strategies and reduced stroke incidence. It discusses the concept of risk perception, the content and dimensions of global stroke assessment tools, and their application status, aiming to provide insights for their development and intervention research. METHODS: Risk perception encompasses subjective assessments of stroke likelihood and severity, influenced by personal experiences, knowledge of risk factors, beliefs about prevention effectiveness, and emotional responses. Global stroke assessment tools, like the Framingham Stroke Risk Score and CHA2DS2-VASc Score, evaluate stroke risk based on factors such as age, gender, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. In order to improve risk perception and proactive health management and lower the burden of strokes, the paper assesses the advantages and disadvantages of these tools and makes recommendations for improving accessibility, customizing interventions, running educational campaigns, promoting multidisciplinary collaboration, and integrating technology. RESULTS: By combining the research tools of stroke risk perception, it is found that the evaluation tools are mostly single-dimensional evaluation tools centered on the two dimensions of onset possibility and susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Some scholars have developed multi-dimensional evaluation tools, but the evaluation population is relatively limited, and the evaluation system lacks comprehensiveness and systematization.

Characterization of chemical constituents and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ by using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS.

Ainsliaea fragrans Champ, a strong heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine, has been effectively used for treating chronic cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and other conditions caused by damp heat. It shows a good effect in the treatment of cervicitis and has broad clinical application prospects. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive study on its in vivo and in vitro chemical analysis. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS combined with the non-targeted characteristic filter analysis were used to conjecture and characterize the chemical components and in vivo metabolites of rats following oral administration of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. In this study, A total of 85 compounds were identified in Ainsliaea fragrans Champ, including 29 flavonoids, 14 sesquiterpenoids, 25 chlorogenic acids, and 17 other compounds. In the plasma of rats after administration of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ, 160 compounds were deduced (19 prototype compounds and 141 metabolites). The 141 metabolites consist of 50 flavonoids, 80 phenolic acids and 11 Chlorogenic acids. The related metabolic pathways mainly involved demethylation, reduction, sulfonation, decarboxylation, hydroxylation, methylation, and glucuronide conjunction. In summary, the chemical components and metabolites of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ were comprehensively identified by using a rapid and accurate analysis method, which laid a foundation for dissecting its bioactive substances. In addition, it provides a scientific basis for the in-depth study of the material basis of Ainsliaea fragrans Champ efficacy and theoretical support for illustrating the mechanism of medical action and its clinical application.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy could accelerate aging in the adulthood: evidence from a perspective study in UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is significantly linked to the short- or long-term health of offspring. However, little research has examined whether MSDP affect the aging rate of offspring. METHODS: This study used questionnaires to determine out whether the participants' mothers smoked when they were pregnant. For evaluating aging rate, we used the following several outcome measures: telomere length, frailty index, cognitive function, homeostatic dysregulation score, KDM-age, age-related hospitalization rate, premature death, and life expectancy. RESULT: After adjusting for covariates, we found that the offspring of the MSDP group had significantly shorter telomere length in adulthood by 0.8 % (ß = -0.008,95%CI:-0.009 to -0.006) compared with non-MSDP group. Compared to the non-MSDP group, participants in MSDP group showed higher levels of homeostatic dysregulation (ß = 0.015,95%CI: 0.007-0.024) and were frailer (ß = 0.008,95%CI:0.007-0.009). The KDM age increased by 0.100 due to MSDP (ß = 0.100,95 % CI:0.018-0.181), and the age acceleration of KDM algorithm also increases significantly (ß = 0.101, 95%CI:0.020-0.183). Additionally, we found that the risk of aging-related hospitalizations was significantly higher than the non-MSDP group by 10.4 %(HR = 1.104,95%CI:1.066-1.144). Moreover, MSDP group had a 12.2 % increased risk of all-cause premature mortality (HR = 1.122,95%CI:1.064-1.182) and a significant risk of lung cancer-specific premature mortality increased by 55.4 %(HR = 1.554,95%CI:1.346-1.793). In addition, participants in the MSDP group had significantly decreased cognitive function and shorter life expectancies than those in non-MSDP group. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated a significant association between MSPD and accelerated aging, elevated hospitalization rates, increased premature mortality rates, and reduced life expectancies in offspring.

Study on the establishment of air pollutant and carbon emission inventory and collaborative emission reduction potential of China's coking industry from 2012 to 2022.

Coking industry is usually regarded as a high pollution and high energy consumption industry. China is accelerating its efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions in the industrial sector, which has received little attention as the world's largest producer of coke. Therefore, in this study, the trend of air pollution and carbon emissions in China's coking industry and the path of coordinated emission reduction were studied. The results indicate that the average annual emissions of PM, SO2, NOx, VOCs, and CO2 in China's coking industry from 2012 to 2022 amount to 205.98, 69.47, 193.45, 599.80 Gg and 191.10 Tg, respectively. The main sources of PM, SO2, NOx, VOCs and CO2 in coking industry were coal preparation (51.5 %), charge and pushing (39.5 %), coke oven gas (99.8 %), byproduct recovery (47.0 %) and fuel combustion (87.5 %). The emissions from coking plants in central and southern Shanxi, eastern and southern Hebei, and central Shandong are the most concentrated. Ultra-low emission transformation and deep treatment of VOCs have greatly reduced pollutant emissions in key areas of air pollutant control, but the actual emission reduction effect of these measures has been weakened by the additional emissions caused by the increase of coke production in other non-key areas. The research on synergetic emission reduction path shows that there is a great synergistic benefit between air pollutants and CO2 emission reduction in coking industry. It is estimated that the APeq (air pollutants and carbon equivalent) of China's coking industry in 2025, 2028 and 2030 will decrease by 38.2 %, 63.5 % and 70.8 % respectively compared with 2022. With the continuous promotion of pollution reduction and carbon reduction measures, the emission reduction potential of China's coking industry will gradually shift from key areas to non-key areas.

Pyrolytic Depolymerization of Polyolefins Catalyzed by Zirconium-based UiO-66 Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Polyolefins such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes are the most-produced plastic waste globally, yet are difficult to convert into useful products due to their unreactivity. Pyrolysis is a practical method for large-scale treatment of mixed, contaminated plastic, allowing for their conversion into industrially-relevant petrochemicals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), despite their tremendous utility in heterogenous catalysis, have been overlooked for polyolefin depolymerization due to their perceived thermal instabilities and inability of polyethylenes and polypropylenes to penetrate their pores. Herein, we demonstrate the viability of UiO-66 MOFs containing coordinatively-unsaturated zirconia nodes, as effective catalysts for pyrolysis that significantly enhances the yields of valuable liquid and gas hydrocarbons, whilst halving the amounts of residual solids produced. Reactions occur on the Lewis-acidic UiO-66 zirconia nodes, without the need for noble metals, and yields aliphatic product distributions distinctly different from the aromatic-rich hydrocarbons from zeolite catalysis. We also demonstrate the first unambiguous characterization of polyolefin penetration into UiO-66 pores at pyrolytic temperatures, allowing access to the abundant Zr-oxo nodes within the MOF interior for efficient C-C cleavage. Our work highlights the potential of MOFs as highly-designable heterogeneous catalysts for depolymerization of plastics which can complement conventional catalysts in reactivity.

A Nanocapsule System Combats Aging by Inhibiting Age-Related Angiogenesis Deficiency and Glucolipid Metabolism Disorders.

Insufficient angiogenic stimulation and dysregulated glycolipid metabolism in senescent vascular endothelial cells (VECs) constitute crucial features of vascular aging. Concomitantly, the generation of excess senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and active immune-inflammatory responses propagates within injured vessels, tissues, and organs. Until now, targeted therapies that efficiently rectify phenotypic abnormalities in senescent VECs have still been lacking. Here, we constructed a Pd/hCeO2-BMS309403@platelet membrane (PCBP) nanoheterostructured capsule system loaded with fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors and modified with platelet membranes and investigated its therapeutic role in aged mice. PCBP showed significant maintenance in aged organs and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. Through cyclic tail vein administration, PCBP extended the lifespan and steadily ameliorated abnormal phenotypes in aged mice, including SASP production, immune and inflammatory status, and age-related metabolic disorders. In senescent ECs, PCBP mediated the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling and glycolysis and inhibition of FABP4 by inducing the synthesis of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, thereby reawakening neovascularization and restoring glycolipid metabolic homeostasis. In conclusion, the PCBP nanocapsule system provides a promising avenue for interventions against aging-induced dysfunction.

Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on Balance Function and Muscle Health in Older Adults With High Fall Risk.

PURPOSE: Older adults frequently encounter health challenges, such as impaired balance and muscle health, which increase risk of falls. The current study investigated the effectiveness of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique in improving balance and muscle health among older adults with high fall risk. METHOD: A total of 160 older adults with high fall risk were randomized into control and intervention groups. Over 6 months, the control group received standard interventions, while the intervention group received the same interventions and additional PNF training. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated improvements in balance function over time, with the intervention group exhibiting significant improvements in Berg Balance Scale scores, Timed Up and Go test times, and 30-Second Chair Stand Test counts (p < 0.05). Bone density significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), although no substantial differences in lower limb muscle mass were observed. Satisfaction rates were higher and fall incidents fewer in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The PNF technique is effective in enhancing balance function and muscle health in older adults with high fall risk, demonstrating potential in reducing fall risk and improving quality of life among older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(8), 37-44.].

Asynchronous Control of 2-D Markov Jump Roesser Systems With Nonideal Transition Probabilities.

This article intends to study the asynchronous control problem for 2-D Markov jump systems (MJSs) with nonideal transition probabilities (TPs) under the Roesser model. Two practical considerations motivate the current work. First, considering that the system mode cannot always be observed accurately, a hidden Markov model (HMM) is adopted to describe the relationship between the mismatched modes. Second, considering that the TPs information related to the Markov process and the observation process is difficult to obtain, the nonideal TPs (unknown or uncertain) are simultaneously considered on the two processes. Under the considerations, several new sufficient conditions are developed for concerned closed-loop 2-D MJSs with nonideal TPs, by which the asymptotic mean square stability is ensured with an H∞ performance index. A nonconservative separation strategy is utilized to decouple the system mode TPs and the observation TPs to facilitate the analysis of nonideal TPs. An unified LMI-based condition is finally developed for the concerned closed-loop 2-D MJSs with/without nonideal TPs, showing more satisfactory conservatism than that in the literature. In the end, we present two examples to validate the superiority of the proposed design method.

Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without PD-1 antibody sintilimab in pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: A randomized clinical trial.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) was the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) proteins. In this randomized phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04304209), 134 pMMR LARC patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive NACRT or NACRT and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody sintilimab. As the primary endpoint, the total complete response (CR) rate is 26.9% (18/67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.0%-37.8%) and 44.8% (30/67, 95% CI 32.6%-57.0%) in the control and experimental arm, respectively, with significant difference (p = 0.031 for chi-squared test). Response ratio is 1.667 (95% CI 1.035-2.683). Immunohistochemistry shows PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score is associated with the synergistic effect. The safety profile is similar between the arms. Adding the PD-1 antibody sintilimab to NACRT significantly increases the CR rate in pMMR LARC, with a manageable safety profile. PD-L1 positivity may help identify patients who might benefit most from the combination therapy.

Lactobacillus inoculation mediated carboxylates and alcohols production from waste activated sludge fermentation system: Insight into process outcomes and metabolic network.

Producing medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) is crucial for sustainable chemical industries. This study addressed the electron donor requirement for MCFAs production by inoculating Lactobacillus at varying concentrations (7.94 × 1010, 3.18 × 1011, and 6.35 × 1011 cell/L) to supply lactate internally. Interestingly, the highest MCFAs yield (∼2000 mg COD/L) occurred at the lowest Lactobacillus inoculation. Higher inoculation concentrations redirected more carbon from WAS towards alcohols production rather than MCFAs generation, with up to 2852 mg COD/L alcohols obtained under 6.35 × 1011 cell/L inoculation. Clostridium dominance and increased genes abundance for substrate hydrolysis, lactate conversion, and MCFAs/alcohol production collectively enhanced WAS-derived MCFAs and alcohols synthesis after Lactobacillus inoculation. Overall, the strategy of Lactobacillus inoculation regulated fermentation outcomes and subsequent carbon recovery in WAS, presenting a sustainable technology to achieve liquid bio-energy production from underutilized wet wastes.

H3K36 methyltransferase GhKMT3;1a and GhKMT3;2a promote flowering in upland cotton.

BACKGROUND: The SET domain group (SDG) genes encode histone lysine methyltransferases, which regulate gene transcription by altering chromatin structure and play pivotal roles in plant flowering determination. However, few studies have investigated their role in the regulation of flowering in upland cotton. RESULTS: A total of 86 SDG genes were identified through genome-wide analysis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). These genes were unevenly distributed across 25 chromosomes. Cluster analysis revealed that the 86 GhSDGs were divided into seven main branches. RNA-seq data and qRT‒PCR analysis revealed that lysine methyltransferase 3 (KMT3) genes were expressed at high levels in stamens, pistils and other floral organs. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), functional characterization of GhKMT3;1a and GhKMT3;2a revealed that, compared with those of the controls, the GhKMT3;1a- and GhKMT3;2a-silenced plants exhibited later budding and flowering and lower plant heightwere shorter. In addition, the expression of flowering-related genes (GhAP1, GhSOC1 and GhFT) significantly decreased and the expression level of GhSVP significantly increased in the GhKMT3;1a- and GhKMT3;2a-silenced plants compared with the control plants. CONCLUSION: A total of 86 SDG genes were identified in upland cotton, among which GhKMT3;1a and GhKMT3;2a might regulate flowering by affecting the expression of GhAP1, GhSOC1, GhFT and GhSVP. These findings will provide genetic resources for advanced molecular breeding in the future.

Interleukin-7 expression by CAR-T cells improves CAR-T cell survival and efficacy in chordoma.

Chordoma is a rare bone tumor that frequently recurs after surgery, and the prognosis is poor with current treatments. This study aimed to identify potential novel immunotherapeutic targets for chordomas by identifying target proteins in clinical samples as well as tumor microenvironmental factors to enhance efficacy. Fourteen chordoma samples were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing, and B7-H3 and IL-7 were identified as potential targets and potentiators, respectively. B7-H3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and B7-H3 CAR-T cells expressing IL-7 were synthesized and their anti-tumor activity evaluated in vitro, including in primary chordoma organoid models. The B7-H3 CAR-T/IL-7 therapy showed enhanced cytotoxicity and prolonged duration of action against tumor cells. Additionally, IL-7 modulated favorable subpopulations of cultured CAR-T cells, diminished immune checkpoint expression on T-cell surfaces, and enhanced T-cell functionality. The incorporation of IL-7 molecules into the B7-H3 CAR structure augmented CAR-T-cell function and improved CAR-T-cell efficacy, thus providing a novel dual therapeutic strategy for chordoma treatment.

Advances in the study of ferroptosis and its relationship to autoimmune diseases.

Ferroptosis represents a novel mode of programmed cell death characterized by the intracellular accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation, culminating in oxidative stress and subsequent cell demise. Mounting evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis contributes significantly to the onset and progression of diverse pathological conditions and diseases, including infections, neurodegenerative disorders, tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury, and immune dysregulation. Recent investigations have underscored the pivotal role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing ferroptosis, particularly its interplay with iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, we explore the implications of ferroptosis in autoimmune diseases and deliberate on its potential as a promising therapeutic target for diverse autoimmune disorders.

The short- and mid-term efficacy and safety of elagolix in the management of pain associated with endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Elagolix, an approved non-peptide GnRH antagonist, shows promise in relieving endometriosis-related pain, but its short- and mid-term efficacy and potential side effects are still under investigation. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to provide data for therapeutic applications by methodically evaluating elagolix's safety and effectiveness in treating endometriosis-related pain. METHODS: Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and others were thoroughly searched. The search time was from the establishment date to September 2023. The study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy of elagolix versus placebo in treating endometriosis-associated pain. After data extraction and literature scanning, quality assessment was carried out using Quality evaluation was carried out using the bias risk assessment tool suggested by the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 5.1.0 after literature screening and data extraction. Stata 15.0 was used to do the meta-analysis. RESULTS: In total, five RCTs involving 2056 patients were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant superiority of elagolix over placebo in the management of endometriosis-related pain, specifically in endometriosis pain [WMD=-0.77, 95% CI (-1.00, -0.53), P<0.001], as well as in non-menstrual pelvic pain, daily assessment of dysmenorrhea (DYS), and dyspareunia (DYSP), all of which are associated with endometriosis. Regarding safety, no discernible variation was observed in the incidence of serious adverse responses between the elagolix and placebo groups [RR=0.90, 95% CI (0.58, 1.40), P=0.643]. Conversely, the elagolix group exhibited a significantly higher incidence rate of general adverse responses [RR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.18, 1.52), P<0.001] compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of elagolix in reducing pain in premenopausal women with endometriosis has been demonstrated over the short- to mid-term. However, careful monitoring for potential adverse effects is essential throughout the treatment duration.

TNC upregulation promotes glioma tumourigenesis through TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation.

Gliomas represent the most predominant primary malignant tumor in central nervous system. Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) is a central component in active DNA demethylation. However, the specific mechanisms of TDG-mediated active DNA demethylation in gliomas remain unclear. This research indicates TDG expression is overexpressed in gliomas and correlated with poor prognosis. TDG knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotype of gliomas both in vitro and vivo. Notably, RNA-seq analysis revealed a strong association between TDG and tenascin-C (TNC). ChIP-qPCR and MeDIP-qPCR assays were undertaken to confirm that TDG participates in TNC active DNA demethylation process, revealing decreased DNA methylation levels and elevated TNC expression as a result. Silencing TNC expression also suppressed the tumor malignant phenotype in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Additionally, simultaneous silencing of TNC reduced or even reversed the glioma promotion caused by TDG overexpression. Based on our findings, we conclude that TDG exerts an indispensable role in TNC active DNA demethylation in gliomas. The DNA demethylation process leads to alternations in TNC methylation levels and promotes its expression, thereby contributing to the development of gliomas. These results suggest a novel epigenetic therapeutic strategy targeting active DNA demethylation in gliomas.

Metabolic reprogramming in septic acute kidney injury: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and severe complication of sepsis and is characterized by significant mortality and morbidity. However, the pathogenesis of septic acute kidney injury (S-AKI) remains elusive. Metabolic reprogramming, which was originally referred to as the Warburg effect in cancer, is strongly related to S-AKI. At the onset of sepsis, both inflammatory cells and renal parenchymal cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils and renal tubular epithelial cells, undergo metabolic shifts toward aerobic glycolysis to amplify proinflammatory responses and fortify cellular resilience to septic stimuli. As the disease progresses, these cells revert to oxidative phosphorylation, thus promoting anti-inflammatory reactions and enhancing functional restoration. Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic reprogramming are central to the energetic changes that occur during S-AKI. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of metabolic reprogramming in S-AKI, with a focus on each cell type involved. By identifying relevant key regulatory factors, we also explored potential metabolic reprogramming-related therapeutic targets for the management of S-AKI.

Initial experience using ultrasound, automated breast volume scanner, and elastography for primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast: A rare case report.

Background: Primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast was a rare malignant tumor. Due to the extremely low morbidity and insufficient understanding of its imageological characteristics, there was a risk of misdiagnosis. In this case report, we presented the features of conventional US, elastography, automated breast volume scanner (ABVS), computed tomography (CT), and pathological findings of a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast. Case presentation: A 74-year-old woman detected a mass of the left breast by palpation. Both ultrasound and CT revealed a solid mass in the outer quadrant of the left breast. After admission, she underwent a modified radical unilateral mastectomy under general anesthesia (resection of the lesion with left breast reserved). Furthermore, the intraoperative frozen section revealed malignant spindle cells, and the postoperative histopathology revealed primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast. After discharge, the patient was generally in good condition after the procedure and was asked to seek medical treatment in the oncology department. Findings on various imaging examinations and clinical data were carefully evaluated. Additionally, we also reviewed the associated kinds of literature. Conclusion: We reported the features of conventional US, elastography, ABVS, CT, and pathological findings of a rare case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast. Overall, our findings indicated that the above-mentioned features generally predict malignancy. However, compared to other malignant breast lesions, the features of this case were not specific enough.

The real-world safety of oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil in children: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Background: Oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil are the two primary oral drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating influenza. Limited real-world evidence exists on their adverse events in children. The purpose of this study was to explore the adverse event (AE) profiles of oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil in children based on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods: FAERS reports were collected and analyzed from the first quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2023. Disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms, were employed in data mining to quantify the signals of oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil-related AEs. Results: A total of 464 reports of AEs to oseltamivir as the "primary suspect (PS)" and 429 reports of AEs to baloxavir marboxil as the "PS" were retrieved in pediatric patients. A total of 100 oseltamivir-induced AE signals were detected in 17 system organ classes (SOCs), and 11 baloxavir marboxil-induced AE signals were detected in 6 SOCs after complying with the four algorithms simultaneously. Categorized and summarized by the number of reports of involvement in each SOC, the top 3 for oseltamivir were psychiatric disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, general disorders and site-of-administration conditions, respectively. The top 3 for baloxavir marboxil were injury, poisoning and surgical complications, general disorders and site of administration conditions, and psychiatric disorders, respectively. Conclusion: Our study identifies potential new AE signals for oseltamivir and provides a broader understanding of the safety of oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil in children.