Polyphenols as Potential Antioxidants for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common musculoskeletal system disease, which is one of the most important causes of low back pain. Despite the high prevalence of IDD, current treatments are limited to relieving symptoms, and there are no effective therapeutic agents that can block or reverse the progression of IDD. Oxidative stress, the result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and clearance by the antioxidant defense system, plays an important role in the progression of IDD. Polyphenols are antioxidant compounds that can inhibit ROS production, which can scavenge free radicals, reduce hydrogen peroxide production, and inhibit lipid oxidation in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and IDD animal models. In this review, we discussed the antioxidant effects of polyphenols and their regulatory role in different molecular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of IDD, as well as the limitations and future prospects of polyphenols as a potential treatment of IDD.

The Mini-Open Wiltse Approach with Pedicle Screw Fixation Versus Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation for Treatment of Neurologically Intact Thoracolumbar Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes and complications between the mini-open Wiltse approach with pedicle screw fixation (MWPSF) and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) in treating neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials and retrospective comparative studies assessing these important indexes of the 2 methods using Review Manager, version 5.4. The clinical outcomes are presented as the risk difference for dichotomous outcomes and the mean difference for continuous outcomes with the 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2 test and I2 statistics. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42021290078). RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials and six retrospective cohort studies were included in the present analysis. The percutaneous approach was associated with less intraoperative blood loss compared with the mini-open Wiltse approach. No significant differences were found in the total length of the incisions, hospitalization time, postoperative visual analog scale scores, postoperative Oswestry disability index, postoperative Cobb angle, postoperative Cobb angle correction, postoperative Cobb angle correction loss, accuracy rate of pedicle screw placement, and postoperative complications between MWPSF and PPSF. However, the incidence of facet joint violation was significantly higher in the PPSF group. In addition, MWPSF was associated with a shorter operative time, shorter intraoperative fluoroscopy time, lower hospitalization costs, better postoperative vertebral body angle and percentage of vertebral body height compared with PPSF. CONCLUSIONS: Both MWPSF and PPSF are safe and effective treatments of neurologically intact thoracolumbar fractures. Nevertheless, our results have indicated that MWPSF might be the better choice, because it has a shorter learning curve and decreased facet joint violation, operative time, hospitalization costs, and radiation exposure. In addition, MWPSF was associated with better improvement of the postoperative vertebral body angle and percentage of vertebral body height.

Parkin-mediated mitophagy protects against TNF-α-induced stress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been investigated as cellular therapeutics for intervertebral disc degeneration. However, transplanted BMSCs are prone to be damaged. TNF-α is reported to extensively promote degeneration process. Nevertheless, the relationship between BMSCs senescence and TNF-α-induced stress has not been elucidated. Previous studies showed that mitophagy is a crucial factor in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Hence, we sought to clarify the role and mechanism of mitophagy in TNF-α-induced biological changes of BMSCs. Here, we found that TNF-α caused transient senescent damage in the early stage. Meanwhile, Parkin-mediated mitophagy was initiated and weakened the damage through maintaining mitochondria homeostasis. After inhibiting mitophagy by knockdown of Parkin, TNF-α irreversibly caused cellular senescence. These results suggested that Parkin-mediated mitophagy played protective role in BMSCs in response to TNF-α, which could be a crucial therapeutic target in the future.

Complications and outcomes of open posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery in obese patients: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity affects the operation, complications and outcomes after open posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery for the treatment of low back pain and leg pain. METHODS: A meta-analysis of studies that compared the outcome of posterior lumbar spinal fusion in obese and non-obese patients. A total of 16 studies were included. RESULTS: There was no difference in pain and functional outcomes. Posterior lumbar spinal fusion in obese patients resulted in a statistically significant increase in intra-operative blood loss (weighted mean difference 40.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.97-65.90, n = 243, and p=.001), longer duration of surgery (weighted mean difference -1.64, 95% CI -4.12 to 0.84, n = 1460, and p=.19), more complications (odds ratio: 1.59, 95% CI 1.24-2.05, n = 339, and p<.001) and extend length of stay (weighted mean difference 0.31, 95% CI 0.07-0.55, n = 1408, and p=.01). CONCLUSIONS: Obese patients experience more blood loss, longer duration of surgery, more complications and extended length of stay, but their back and leg pain and functional outcomes are similar to non-obese patients. Based on these results, obesity is not a contraindication to open posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery.