[Mid-term outcome of deep layer repair with the long head of the biceps autograft bridging for Kim classification type â A delaminiated rotator cuff tear].

Objective: To investigate the mid-term clinical outcome of deep layer repair with the long head of the biceps autograft bridging for Kim classification type ⅠA delaminated rotator cuff tear. Methods: A follow-up study. The clinical data of 42 consecutive patients with Kim classification type ⅠA delaminated rotator cuff tear admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively included. All patients underwent shoulder arthroscopic surgery. During the operation, the autogenous long head of the biceps tendon was transferred to repair the deep layer of delaminated rotator cuff tear. The preoperative and postoperative (last follow-up) visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Constant-Murley shoulder score, range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder and radiographic results were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 42 patients were included in this study. There were 18 males and 24 females, with an average age of (64.5±15.2) years and a mean follow-up of (43.9±7.1) months. At the last follow-up, ROM of abduction increased from 80.8°±26.5° to 154.2°±14.3°, and ROM of external rotation increased from 18.2°±13.6° to 31.8°±7.8°; the VAS score of pain decreased from (5.5±1.3) points to (0.7±0.7) points, the UCLA score increased from (21.3±3.7) points to (29.9±2.1) points, and the Constant-Murley score increased from (45.4±10.0) points to (87.2±4.8) points; the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). The X-ray films showed that there were no upward of the humeral head in all the patients. MRI results indicated that rotator cuff re-teared in one case (Sugaya classification type Ⅲ), and healed in other cases (Sugaya classification type Ⅰ-Ⅱ). No complications such as upper limb nerve injury was found in all cases. Conclusion: Deep layer repair with the long head of the biceps autograft bridging can significantly alleviate the pain and improve the function of patients with Kim classification type ⅠA delaminated rotator cuff tear, and the incidence of retear is low.

[Autophagy in lung infections with three common atypical pathogens].

Autophagy is a lysosomal mediated catabolic process that helps maintain cell balance and survival under extracellular or intracellular stress by degrading different cytoplasmic components. Autophagy is also a significant way for the body to defend pathogen invasion, which is swallowed by the phagosomes of host cells. When the phagosomes mature, they form autophagosomes, which are fused with lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes. Autophagolysosomes degrade due to the action of various hydrolases and remove pathogens at the same time. By interfering with the autophagy level of host cells, pulmonary atypical pathogens can escape from the host cells and be cleared by autophagy, and reproduce in host cells, finally reaching the goal of infecting the host. This article presented a brief review of recent studies on the relationship between infection and autophagy of three common atypical pathogens in the lung.

[Analysis for the short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis of laparoscopic and laparotomy radical resection for gallbladder cancer].

Objective: To compare the short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis of laparoscopic and laparotomy radical resection for gallbladder cancer(GBC). Methods: From January 2010 to December 2020,the clinical data and survival information for 133 patients who underwent radical resection of GBC at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,were retrospectively collected. Eighty patients(23 males and 57 females) underwent laparoscopic radical resection and had a median age(M(IQR)) of 66.0(12.8)years(range:28.0 to 82.0 years). Fifty-three patients(45 males and 8 females) who received laparotomy were 63.0(6.0)years old(range:45.0 to 80.0 years old). There were no significant differences in age,gender,body mass index,preoperative albumin,preoperative total bilirubin,N stages,vascular invasion,peri-neural invasion or tumor differentiation between the laparoscopic and laparotomy group(all P>0.05). But there were significant differences in preoperative CA19-9(Z=-2.955, P=0.003), preoperative ALT level(Z=-2.801,P=0.031) and T stage (χ2=19.110,P=0.007) between the two groups. A non-parametric test was used for quantitative data. χ2 test or Fisher exact probability method was used for count data. Results: Patients in the laparoscopic group did not differ from those in the laparotomy group in terms of length of operation,number of lymph node yield,number of positive lymph nodes,the incidence of intraoperative gallbladder rupture,incidence of postoperative bile leakage,abdominal bleeding or abdominal infection,30-day mortality,90-day mortality, the incidence of incision implantation or peritoneal cavity metastasis(all P>0.05). Patients in the laparoscopic group showed less intraoperative bleeding(100.0(200.0)ml vs. 400.0(250.0)ml)(Z=-5.260,P<0.01),fewer days with drainage tube indwelling(6.0(3.8)days vs. 7.0(4.0)days)(Z=-3.351, P=0.001), and fewer postoperative days in hospital(8.0(5.0)days vs. 14.0(7.5)days)(Z=-6.079,P<0.01) than those in the laparotomy group. Patients in the laparoscopic group displayed better overall survival (P<0.01) and progression-free survival (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis for GBC of T1b-T2 and T3 stages revealed comparable overall survival and progression-free survival between the laparoscopic and laparotomy groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Laparoscopic radical resection can achieve long-term survival for GBC comparable to that with open surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection has advantages over open surgery regarding surgical trauma and postoperative recovery.

[Etiologies and treatments of the deficiency of gingival papilla].

Gingival papilla deficiency may cause dental plaque stagnation and food impaction, and may also affect the appearance and pronunciation when occurs in the upper anterior teeth. It has become a common concern of patients and doctors. The aetiological factors of gingival papilla deficiency were complex. Various surgical or non-surgical treatments have been reported. This paper reviews and analyzes the current research progress on the factors and treatment methods of gingival papilla deficiency in domestic and foreign studies, summarizes the factors associated with the gingival papilla deficiency and summarizes the corresponding treatment strategy, so as to provide reference for clinical and research works.

[Clinical diagnosis and treatment of 27 cases of metanephric adenoma].

The clinical features, imaging features, treatment methods and pathological features of 27 patients with metanephric adenoma were analyzed. It was found that the clinical features and imaging features of metanephric adenoma were difficult to differentiate from renal malignantology. Pathology can be clearly diagnosed and some can be combined with malignant components. Nephron sparing surgery is the first choice, and the prognosis is good, but still need regular follow-up.

[Preliminary study on factors associated with the gingival papillae deficiency between maxillary anterior teeth in periodontitis patients with alveolar ridge resorption].

Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the gingival papilla deficiencies of different degrees between maxillary anterior teeth showing alveolar ridge absorption. Methods: A total of 64 gingival papillae between maxillary anterior teeth of 14 patients with periodontitis, who received periodontal treatment and regular review in the Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from June 2019 to December 2019, were observed in the present study. Indices were measured by using standardized clinical photographs and cone-beam CT images. The correlations between the gingival papilla deficiencies of different degrees and the distance from contact point to bone crest (CP-BC), the distance from proximal cemento-enamel junction to bone crest (pCEJ-BC), interproximal distance between roots (RD), the width of bone crest (BCW) and the height of gingival papilla (PH) were evaluated. Statistical analyses such as t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and so on were conducted. Results: The rate of maxillary anterior gingival papilla completely filled the adjacent spaces between anterior teeth was 28% (18/64) and the rate of gingival papilla with deficiencies was 72% (46/64). The mild, moderate and severe deficiencies were 36% (23/64), 27% (17/64) and 9% (6/64) respectively. When CP-BC≥7.0 mm or pCEJ-BC≥4.5 mm, only moderate or severe deficiencies appeared. However, when CP-BC<5.0 mm or pCEJ-BC<1.5 mm, only completely filled adjacent tooth space or mild deficiency appeared. There was a strong positive correlation between CP-BC and pCEJ-BC. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.812 (P<0.01), and the linear fitting coefficient was 0.93 (R2=0.659) (64 gingival papillae). There was no significant difference of RD for gingival papilla deficiencies of different degrees between maxillary anterior teeth (P>0.05). BCW at the crest level increased slightly with the increase of the degree of gingival papilla deficiency, and the difference was statistically significant between completely filled adjacent tooth space and moderate or severe deficiency (P<0.05). However, PH at the crest level decreased slightly with the increase of the degree of gingival papilla deficiency, and the difference was statistically significant between completely filled adjacent tooth space and moderate or severe deficiency (P<0.05). Conclusions: When the alveolar ridge is absorbed, the rate of deficiency is significantly higher than the completely filled adjacent tooth space. The gingival papilla deficiencies of different degrees between maxillary anterior teeth are mainly associated with the absorption of bone crest.

Two-Dimensional Numerical Study of Methane-Air Combustion Within Catalytic and Non-catalytic Porous Medium.

This study numerically investigates a two-dimensional physical model of methane/air mixture combustion in catalytic and non-catalytic porous media. The temperature distribution and flame stability of combustion in inert alumina (Al2O3) pellets and platinum (Pt) catalyst-supported alumina (Al2O3) pellets, were studied by changing the burner structure, operating parameters, and physical properties of alumina pellets. The simulation results indicated that the gas temperature in the inert porous medium is higher than that in a catalytic porous medium, while the solid temperature in an inert porous medium is lower than that in a catalytic porous medium. The flame moved toward the burner exit with the increasing diameter of the packed pellets at a lower equivalence ratio and moved toward upstream with the increased thermal conductivity of packed pellets. The flame location of the catalytic porous burner was more sensitive to the flame velocity and insensitive to thermal conductivity compared to the inert porous burner. The distance of the flame location to the burner inlet is almost constant with the increasing length of the porous media for both the catalytic and inert porous burner, while the relative position of the flame location moved toward the upstream.

Decreased expression of GBA3 correlates with a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Beta-glucosidase (GBA), also known as acid ß-glucosidase, exhibits an activity of glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45). Three main isoforms of ß-glucosidases have been identified in mammals: GBA1, GBA2, and GBA3. The deficiency of these enzymes leads to glucosylceramide accumulation, resulting in Gaucher's disease. The present study is focused on the cytosolic ß-glucosidase, GBA3, and its relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of GBA3 mRNA in HCC was evaluated first using the TCGA database, and then by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays of 328 clinically characterized HCC samples and 151 non-tumor liver controls. Moreover, the presence of a correlation between GBA3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients was examined. The obtained results indicated that the expression of GBA3 mRNA was significantly lower in HCC than in the adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. The expression of GBA3 was inversely related to the number of tumors (p=0.041), tumor size (p<0.001), Edmondson grade (p=0.007), microvascular invasion (p=0.049), patient status (p<0.001), and α-fetoprotein level (p<0.001). Patients exhibiting low GBA3 expression had a shorter survival time than those with high expression (p<0.001). In conclusion, the decreased GBA3 expression is strongly associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients, and GBA3 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

Cisplatin induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma LM3 cells via down-regulation of XIAP.

OBJECTIVE: Cisplatin is an important anti-cancer drug. However, the molecular mechanism of cisplatin on inhibition of the proliferation of liver cancer cells is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the regulatory role of cisplatin on the growth and apoptosis of hepatoma LM3 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LM3 cells were treated with cisplatin (2 µmol/L) for 48 h. MTT assay, flow cytometry, and caspase-3 activity assay were used to detect the growth, proliferation and apoptosis of LM3 cells. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein, XIAP. siRNA was used to knockdown the level of XIAP followed by cisplatin (2 µmol/L) treatment, and then the apoptosis of LM3 cells was measured. RESULTS: The treatment of cisplatin significantly inhibited the growth but induced the apoptosis of LM3 cells. Cisplatin also downregulated the expression of XIAP. The downregulation of XIAP by using siRNA enhanced the apoptosis of LM3 cells induced by cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulation of XIAP enhanced the proapoptotic effect of cisplatin on LM3 cells, suggesting that XIAP might be used as a potential target in the treatment of liver cancer.

Characterization of abnormal epithelium after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy using in vivo confocal microscopy.

This study compared the abnormal corneal epithelium after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) with dystrophic cornea using in vivo using confocal microscopy (IVCM) and examined the effects of the abnormal epithelium on postoperative recovery of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and sub-basal nerve plexus regeneration. The UDVA and wound healing were examined in 50 eyes of 25 patients undergoing LASEK at 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year postoperatively, including the visual acuity, slit lamp microscopy, and IVCM. After 1 week, the corneal epithelium was healed in all patients, but abnormal epithelial cells were detected in 33/50 patients using IVCM. Abnormal cells were limited to the surgical margin, and highly reflective granules were observed underneath. At 1 month and 1 year postoperatively, the abnormal epithelium was unchanged in size. At 1 year postoperatively, there were clear differences between the sub-basal nerve plexus in the normal and abnormal epithelium. At 1 month postoperatively, the UDVA was >1.0 in 88% of patients, which increased to 94% at 1 year, and there was no clear difference in the UDVA between abnormal (N = 33) and normal (N = 17) epithelium. After LASEK, abnormal epithelial cells may arise at the margin of the epithelial flap and persist 1 year postoperatively accompanied by poor regeneration of the sub-basal nerve plexus. However, this does not affect the UDVA postoperatively. The abnormal epithelium may be caused by residual necrotic basal cell debris on the epithelial basement membrane and abnormal neurotrophic metabolism between the corneal epithelium and nerve plexus.

Survey and analysis of visual acuity of Kazakhs in different lighting environments.

The effect of different lighting environments on the vision and refractive error were investigated in 427 Kazakhs (828 eyes) aged from 40 to 60 years old, of which 279 were pastoral (546 eyes) and 148 were urban (282 eyes). Pastoral Kazakhs use natural illumination, whereas city Kazakhs mainly use artificial illumination. Of all cases, 19.1% (54 cases) had a vision of 0.4 to 0.5, 20.9% (59 cases) had 0.6 to 0.8, and 17.7% (50 cases) had above 1.0. However, the visual acuity distribution of the pastoral Kazakhs had a more obvious characteristic, which was mainly concentrated above 0.6. The vision of 25.1% (137) of cases was 0.6 to 0.8, whereas 58.4% (319) of cases had vision above 1.0. There were more cases with vision above 1.0 in the pastoral Kazakhs compared to the city Kazakhs (P < 0.05). The diopter of the city Kazakhs was between 0 D and -4.0 D, whereas that of the pastoral Kazakhs was between +2.0 D and -2.0 D. Diopters between +2.0 D and 0 D or less than 3.0 D differed significantly between the two groups. Daylight lamps were the main illumination photosources of the city Kazakhs. Artificial light illuminated 70.9% (105 cases) of the city Kazakhs for more than 6 h. By contrast, natural light illuminated 75.3% (210 cases) of the pastoral Kazakhs for an outdoor activity time of more than 9 h. These results suggest that poor lighting environment is a very important factor contributing to refractive error.

The (TTTA)n polymorphism in intron 4 of CYP19 and the polycystic ovary syndrome risk in a Chinese population.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disease with a strong genetic origin, but the specific determinants are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the (TTTA) n polymorphism in intron 4 of CYP19 and the PCOS risk in a Chinese population. We performed a case-control study which involved 222 PCOS patients and 281 controls. The fluorescent-labeled target DNA fragments containing the (TTTA)n short tandem repeats were obtained by PCR, thereafter genotyped via capillary electrophoresis. Representative alleles were directly sequenced to confirm their repeat numbers. Genotype analysis revealed seven different alleles including 7-3(∆)-, 7-, 8-, 10-, 11-, 12- and 13-TTTA-repeats. The most common allele in a Chinese population is (TTTA) 11 in our study (0.354 for PCOS and 0.390 for controls). PCOS patients showed a higher frequency of short alleles compared with controls (0.47 vs. 0.41, OR=1.245, 95% CI 0.97-1.60). The overall allelic distributions of this polymorphism did not show any significant differences between PCOS patients and the control group. No statistical differences were found in the clinical parameters or serum steroid hormone levels among PCOS patients with different genotypes. In conclusion, PCOS patients had a higher frequency of short alleles, albeit this might not strongly affect the risk of PCOS.

Sustainable, high-yielding outdoor mass cultures of Chaetoceros muelleri var. subsalsum and Isochrysis galbana in vertical plate reactors.

Continuous cultures of Chaetoceros muelleri and Isochrysis galbana were grown outdoors in flat plate-glass reactors in which light-path length (LPL) varied from 5 to 30 cm. High daily productivity (13 to 16 g cell mass per square meter of irradiated reactor surface) for long periods of time was obtained in reactors in which the optical path as well as cell density were optimized. 'Twenty centimeters was the optimal LPL, yielding the highest areal productivity of cell mass (g m(-2)d(-1)), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, which was identical with that previously found for polysaccharide production of Porphyridium and not far from the optimal LPL affecting maximal productivity in Nannochloropsis species. Relating the energy impinging on a given reactor surface area to the appropriate number of cells showed that the most efficient light dose per cell, obtained with the 20-cm LPL reactor, was approximately 2.5 times lower than the light dose available per cell in the 5-cm LPL reactor, in which a significant decline in areal cell density accompanied the lowest areal output of cell mass. The most effective harvesting regimen was in the range of 10% to 15% of culture volume harvested daily and replaced with fresh growth medium, resulting in a sustainable culture density of 24 x 10(6) and 28 x 10(6) cells/ml of C. muelleri and I. galbana, respectively.

Biochemical and biophysical analysis of heptad repeat regions from the fusion protein of Menangle virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus.

Menangle virus is a novel paramyxovirus isolated in Australia in 1997, but its classification position has not yet been finally settled. Here by using a computational program, LearnCoil-VMF, we determined the heptad repeat (HR) regions (HR1 and HR2) of Menangle virus F protein. Subsequently the HR1 and HR2 peptides were expressed as a single chain (named 2-Helix) connected by a six amino-acid linker as a GST fusion protein with an E. coli in vitro expression system. The GST-removed purified 2-Helix protein could form a stable trimer in vitro judging by gel-filtration and chemical cross-linking. CD spectra showed that the 2-Helix protein had a high percentage of alpha-helix and was very thermo-stable. Crystals of the 2-Helix protein preparations have been obtained in many conditions with hanging-drop diffusion method. These results indicated that Menangle virus has the common features of the fusion protein for other paramyxoviruses and should adopt a similar fusion mechanism to other members. As the HR regions of Menangle virus F protein could form stable six-helix bundle coiled coil structure, they should be used as drug target for the design of fusion inhibitors, as successfully used for other parmyxoviruses. This is especially relevant to such a newly emergent virus with zoonotic potentials.

Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant HIV gp140. The gp41 ectodomain of HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus is sufficient to maintain the retroviral envelope glycoprotein as a trimer.

Efforts to understand the molecular basis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein function have been hampered by the inability to generate sufficient quantities of homogeneous material. We now report on the high level expression, purification, and characterization of soluble HIV gp140 ectodomain proteins in Chinese hamster ovary-Lec3.2.8.1 cells. Gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation show that the uncleaved ADA strain-derived gp140 proteins are trimeric without further modification required to maintain oligomers. These spike proteins are native as judged by soluble CD4 (sCD4) (K(D) = 1-2 nm) and monoclonal antibody binding studies using surface plasmon resonance. CD4 ligation induces conformational change in the trimer, exposing the chemokine receptor binding site as assessed by 17b monoclonal antibody reactivity. Lack of anti-cooperativity in sCD4-ADA trimer interaction distinct from that observed with sCD4-SIV mac32H implies quaternary structural differences in ground states of their respective spike proteins.

[CT manifestation of pterygopalatine fossa in adult skull].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure certain diameters of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and to discuss the anatomic appearance of PPF on CT images. METHODS: 20 dry skulls were scanned by CT on axial and coronal plane with 2 mm slice thickness. RESULTS: On CT imaging, the shape of superior 1/4 part of PPF is mainly shown as biconcavity. The maximal posteroanterial (PA)diameter was (6.6+/-2.2)mm. The maximal medialateral diameter (ML)was (13.7+/-3.7)mm. The shape of the middle 1/4 part of PPF was biconvexity with the PA and ML of (6.6+/-2.1)mm and (12.1+/-2.7)mm. The shape of the inferior 1/2 part of PPF just liked a tube with the diameter of (3.8+/-1.7)mm. The foramen rotudum lied (5.2+/-2.3)mm under the inferior orbital fissure. The pterygoid canal lied (7.4+/-2.5)mm medial and (6.2.+/-4.2)mm inferior to the foramen rotudum. CONCLUSION: PPF has various shapes on axial and coronal CT images. Based on the distances and the relationship between the foramen and fissures, the normal and abnormal status of PPF can be evaluated.

[A comparative study of elastomeric chains force delivery properties]

In this study,four different kinds and three different length elastomeric chains were tested to compare their force delivery properties.It suggested that different kind and length chains should be selected to generate optimal orthodontic forces clinically.

[Properies of orthodontic wires in simulated teeth alignment test]

In this study,methods were developed to test and compare leveling archwires that commonly used in domestic practice.The results showed that the stainless steel arch wires were stiff.The Ni-Ti wires and the wires with loops were flexible and could deliver more constant force.The 0.014 Chinese Ni-Ti wires demonstrated the superelastic property,but 0.016 Ni-Ti wire did not appear the same property before they generated 250g force.