Global, regional, and national burden of bladder cancer, 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

OBJECTIVES: Bladder cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of bladder cancer from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study and to analyze the trends using an age-period-cohort (APC) model. STUDY DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, secondary analyses were conducted to assess the burden of bladder cancer using data from GBD 2019. METHODS: Bladder cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and their age-standardized rates (ASRs) were obtained from the GBD 2019 study. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the trends in ASRs. An APC analysis was performed to distinguish the effects of age, period, and cohort on the observed temporal trends. RESULTS: The global prevalence of bladder cancer increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, reaching 2,869,046.4 cases (95% UI: 2,614,200.3-3,114,474.4) in 2019. The age-standardized prevalence rate rose from 20.9 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 37.1 per 100,000 population in 2019, with an EAPC of 1.97 (95% CI: 1.93-2.01). The global burden of bladder cancer, as measured by DALYs, increased from 48.0 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 56.8 per 100,000 population in 2019, with an EAPC of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.4-0.53), demonstrating the growing impact of this disease on population health. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a significant increase in prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs, with substantial variations across sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles and GBD regions. The findings emphasize the need for concerted efforts at the global, regional, and national levels to reduce the burden of bladder cancer through primary prevention, early detection, and improved access to treatment services.

Mechanism and performance of choline-based ionic liquids in enhancing nasal delivery of glucagon.

Proteins and peptides have been increasingly developed as pharmaceuticals owing to their high potency and low side effects. However, their administration routes are confined to injections, such as intra-muscular and intra-venous injections, making patient compliance a challenge. Hence, non-injectable delivery systems are crucial to expanding the clinical use of proteins and peptides. In this context, two choline-based ionic liquids (ILs), namely, choline geranic acid ([Ch][Ger]) and choline citric acid ([Ch][Cit]), have been identified as promising agents for enhancing the permeation and prolonging the retention time of glucagon (GC) after intra-nasal administration. Notably, intra-nasal delivery of GC via ILs (GC/ILs) elicited rapid and smooth reversal of acute hypoglycaemia without leading to rebound hyperglycaemia in type 1 diabetic rats subjected to insulin induction. In addition, ILs could improve the transcellular transport of GC through electrostatic interaction. ILs could also transiently open inter-cellular tight junctions transiently to facilitate the paracellular transport of GC. Safety tests indicated that continuous intra-nasal delivery of ILs led to reversible changes, such as epithelial cell inflammation, goblet cell overgrowth, and impacts on the distribution of nasal cilia. However, these changes could be alleviated by the innate self-repair ability of mucosal epithelial cells. This study highlights the considerable potential of ILs for long-term nasal delivery of biomacromolecules.

The effects of six weeks of combined balance and plyometric training on postural control performance in elite badminton players: A pilot randomized, controlled study.

Background/Objectives: The athletic performance in badminton players largely depends on the capability of dynamic postural control to quickly restore balance when performing high-paced movements (e.g., frequent single-leg jumps). Our aim was to examine the effects of a novel intervention that combines balance training on an unstable surface and plyometric training on the performance of restoring balance after jumping, as well as related postural control in elite badminton players. Methods: Sixteen elite male badminton players were randomly allocated to either a combined balance and plyometric training group (CT, n = 8) or a plyometric training group (PT, n = 8). The CT group participated in a six-week training program, which included three training sessions per week. Each session comprised 40 min of plyometric exercises and 20 min of balance training. The PT group underwent plyometric training using the identical protocol as that of the CT group. All participants underwent identical technical training in badminton throughout the duration of the study. At baseline and immediately after the intervention, participants completed a single-leg jumping test. The capacity to restore balance was evaluated using the time to stabilization (TTS) after landing; and the related center of pressure (COP) fluctuations were also recorded. The effect of intervention was examined by two-way repeated-measures of ANOVA. Results: The primary two-way repeated-measures ANOVA models showed no significant interactions between group and time on either the time to stability in the dominant leg (D-TTS) or the time to stability in the non-dominant leg (N-TTS) (p > 0.70). Significant main effects of time, group, and their interactions on dominant legs of the anterior-posterior displacement difference (D-COPAP) (time: p = 0.001; group: p = 0.001; interaction: p = 0.014), non-dominant legs of the anterior-posterior displacement difference (N-COPAP) (time: p < 0.001; group: p = 0.003; interaction: p = 0.021) and non-dominant legs of the medial-lateral displacement difference (N-COPML) (time: p < 0.001; group: p < 0.001; interaction: p = 0.026), that is, compared to baseline of both groups and post PT, the COP metrics were significantly reduced after CT. Secondarily, within the CT and PT group, after the intervention, the N-TTS (CT: p = 0.001, post: 0.58 ± 0.87; PT: p = 0.03, post: 0.71 ± 0.11) was significantly decreased compared to baseline (CT pre: 0.76 ± 0.16; PT pre: 0.88 ± 0.13). Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated that, compared to PT-only, the 6-week CT which combines balance training induced comparable improvements in the capacity to restoring balance after landing from a single-leg jump, and significantly improved the postural control performance as measured by COP metrics.

Temporal and spatial evolution of net primary productivity in the Three-River Headwaters Region under phenological changes and anthropogenic influence.

Understanding the spatiotemporal changes in net primary productivity (NPP) and the driving factors behind these changes in climate-vulnerable regions is crucial for ecological conservation. This study simulates the actual NPP (NPPA) and climate potential NPP (NPPC) in the Three-River Headwaters Region from 2000 to 2020. The Theil-Sen Median method and Mann-Kendall mutation analyses are employed to explore their spatiotemporal variation patterns, while geographic weighted regression and machine learning are used to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities and climatic factors on NPPA, the results indicate that the average NPPA across the entire region over multiple years is 382.506 g C m - 2 yr - 1 , which is 0.132 times the average annual NPPC over the past 21 years, showing an overall distribution pattern of low in the northwest and high in the southeast. The annual increase in NPPA from 2000 to 2020 is approximately 1.034 g C m - 2 yr - 1 . The source region of the Yangtze River shows the largest improvement in vegetation, with 74.1% of the area showing improvement. Between 2002 and 2003, the annual NPPA in the Three-River Headwaters Region experienced a sudden change, lagging behind the NPPC change by 1 year, and after 2005, the upward trend in NPPA became more pronounced. The impact of anthropogenic activities on NPPA shifted from positive to negative to positive from 2000 to 2020, with significant impact areas mainly concentrated in the northeast and a few areas in the central and southern parts. The proportion of areas with extremely significant impact increased from 1.9% in 2000 to 3.7% in 2020. Over the past 21 years, the main factors influencing NPPA changes in the Three-River Headwaters Region have been soil moisture and precipitation, with the influence of different climate factors on NPP changing over time. Additionally, NPP is more sensitive to changes in altitude in low-altitude areas. This study can provide more accurate theoretical support for ecological environment assessment and subsequent protection efforts in the Three-River Headwaters Region.

Quantifying the presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 in the USA.

The emergence of many presymptomatic hidden transmission events significantly complicated the intervention and control of the spread of COVID-19 in the USA during the year 2020. To analyze the role that presymptomatic infections play in the spread of this disease, we developed a state-level metapopulation model to simulate COVID-19 transmission in the USA in 2020 during which period the number of confirmed cases was more than in any other country. We estimated that the transmission rate (i.e., the number of new infections per unit time generated by an infected individual) of presymptomatic infections was approximately 59.9% the transmission rate of reported infections. We further estimated that {at any point in time the} average proportion of infected individuals in the presymptomatic stage was consistently over 50% of all infected individuals. Presymptomatic transmission was consistently contributing over 52% to daily new infections, as well as consistently contributing over 50% to the effective reproduction number from February to December. Finally, non-pharmaceutical intervention targeting presymptomatic infections was very effective in reducing the number of reported cases. These results reveal the significant contribution that presymptomatic transmission made to COVID-19 transmission in the USA during 2020, as well as pave the way for the design of effective disease control and mitigation strategies.

What influences newly graduated registered nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession? An integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Newly graduated registered nurses leaving the nursing profession in the early stages of their career have enormous financial and time implications for nursing organizations and affect the quality of nursing care. OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors influencing newly graduated registered nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession over the past 10 years. METHODS: The framework developed by Whittemore and Knafl was used to conduct this integrative review. An electronic search was conducted for English articles to identify research studies published between 2011-2022 using the following databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Eligible publications were critically reviewed and scored using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Checklist and the Center for Evidence-Based Management appraisal. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were analyzed. The main factors affecting newly graduated registered nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession included demographic factors (age, educational level, year of experience, professional title, employment status, health status, shift, hospital location and size), supervisor and peer support, challenges in the workplace, cognitive and affective response to work, work environment (collegial nurse-physician relations, insufficient staffing level, person-work environment fit), gender stereotypes, autonomous motivation, role models, and resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The factors affecting newly graduated registered nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession are multifaceted and should receive continuous attention from nurse managers. The findings provide more comprehensive for nurse administrators to develop intervention strategies to mitigate newly graduated registered nurses' turnover intention.

BST2 promotes gastric cancer metastasis under the regulation of HOXD9 and PABPC1.

Gastric cancer (GC) constitutes substantial cancer mortality worldwide. Several cancer types aberrantly express bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2), yet its functional and underlying mechanisms in GC progression remain unknown. In our study, RNA sequencing data revealed that BST2 was transcriptionally activated by homeobox D9 (HOXD9). BST2 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of GC. BST2 knockdown reversed HOXD9's oncogenic effect on GC metastasis. Moreover, BST2 messenger RNA stability could be enhanced by poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) through the interaction between BST2 3'-UTR and PABPC1 in GC cells. PABPC1 promoted GC metastasis, which BST2 silencing attenuated in vitro and in vivo. In addition, positive correlations among HOXD9, BST2, and PABPC1 were established in clinical samples. Taken together, increased expression of BST2 induced by HOXD9 synergizing with PABPC1 promoted GC cell migration and invasion capacity.

Demand and influencing factors of "Internet + Traditional Chinese Medicine" home nursing service for older adult patients with chronic diseases: a mixed research perspective.

Background: In the context of global aging, the characteristics of chronic diseases seriously affect the quality of life of older adults. It is urgent to carry out continuous nursing basis for older adult patients with chronic diseases. In view of the remarkable efficacy of Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic diseases, this study may help to understand the demand for "Internet + Chinese medicine" home care service and its influencing factors of older adult chronic disease patients, and to provide a reference basis for improving the quality of life of the older adult chronic disease population. Methods: This is a mixed study. The quantitative study adopted the convenience sampling method, and a total of 308 patients in a third-grade hospital in Shaanxi Province were investigated by general data questionnaire, traditional Chinese medicine service demand questionnaire, traditional Chinese medicine knowledge questionnaire, older adult Chinese medicine attitude questionnaire, and home care demand questionnaire from March to April 2022. In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were adopted, and patients were interviewed until the content was saturated. Colaizzi analysis method was used to analyze and summarize the topic of the interview data. Results: 308 valid questionnaires were collected, and the patients scored (58.42 ± 17.16) on the demand for TCM nursing services, (59.86 ± 11.54) on the knowledge of TCM, (73.03 ± 9.11) on the attitude toward TCM, and (136.84 ± 46.39) on the demand for home care. The results of multiple linear regression showed that learning about the nursing service pathway, knowledge of general knowledge of Chinese medicine, and attitude toward Chinese medicine among the older adult and home care demand were the influencing factors of the demand for Chinese medicine nursing services for older adult patients with chronic diseases (p < 0.05). The results of the in-depth interviews were summarized into three themes: facilitating factor, hindering factor, and the "Internet + Chinese medicine" multiple needs of home care. Conclusion: Older adult patients with chronic diseases have a high intention of home care demand and they are affected by multiple factors. Consequently, the actual demand situation of older adult patients with chronic diseases should be used as a guide to provide directed and diversified Chinese medicine home care services to meet the individualized needs of the older adult.

The ATF2/miR-3913-5p/CREB5 axis is involved in the cell proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Various miRNAs have been shown to participate in the tumor progression and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of miR-3913-5p in CRC are yet to be clearly defined. In the present study, we determine that miR-3913-5p is downregulated in CRC cell lines and CRC tissues. Exogenous miR-3913-5p expression weakens the CRC cells growth, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, miR-3913-5p directly targets the 3'UTR of CREB5. Overexpression of CREB5 reverses the suppression of CRC cells proliferation, migration and invasion induced by miR-3913-5p. Furthermore, ATF2 negatively regulates the transcription of miR-3913-5p by binding to its promoter. CREB5 can cooperate with ATF2. CREB5 is required for ATF2 in regulating miR-3913-5p. Finally, inverse correlations can be found between the expressions of miR-3913-5p and CREB5 or ATF2 in CRC tissues. Thus, a plausible mechanism of ATF2/miR-3913-5p/CREB5 axis regulating CRC progression is elucidated. Our findings suggest that miR-3913-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC. ATF2/miR-3913-5p/CREB5 axis might be a potential therapeutic target against CRC progression.

The VAX2-LINC01189-hnRNPF signaling axis regulates cell invasion and migration in gastric cancer.

Transcription factors (TFs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to gastric cancer (GC). However, the roles of TFs and lncRNAs in the invasion and metastasis of GC remain largely unknown. Here, we observed that the transcription factor VAX2 is significantly upregulated in GC cells and tissues and acts as an oncogene. Moreover, high VAX2 expression is associated with the advancement of tumors in GC. In terms of functionality, the enforced expression of VAX2 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells. Mechanistically, VAX2 specifically interacts with the LINC01189 promoter and represses LINC01189 transcription. Furthermore, LINC01189 exhibits significant downregulation in GC and functions as a suppressor gene. Functionally, it inhibits migratory and invasive abilities in GC cells. In the context of GC metastasis, VAX2 plays a role in modulating it by trans-repressing the expression of LINC01189. Additionally, LINC01189 binds to hnRNPF to enhance hnRNPF degradation through ubiquitination. The cooperation between LINC01189 and hnRNPF regulates GC cell invasion and migration. In addition, both VAX2 and hnRNPF are highly expressed, while LINC01189 is expressed in at low levels in GC tissues compared to normal gastric tissues. Our study suggests that VAX2 expression facilitates, while LINC01189 expression suppresses, metastasis and that the VAX2-LINC01189-hnRNPF axis plays a contributory role in GC development.

Deconstructing emotion regulation in schizophrenia: The nature of abnormalities at the selection and implementation stages.

Difficulties with emotion regulation are observed across psychiatric diagnoses, including psychotic disorders. Past studies using trait self-report indicate that people with schizophrenia (SZ) are less likely to use adaptive emotion regulation strategies and more likely to use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than controls (CN). However, more recent evidence using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) indicates that regulation effectiveness and adaptiveness may vary across strategies. The present study aimed to systematically understand abnormalities in state-level emotion regulation strategy selection, effectiveness, and adaptiveness in SZ compared to CN using EMA. Participants (n = 50 SZ; n = 53 CN) completed 6 days of EMA surveys assessing emotional experience, emotion regulation, and symptoms. Results indicated that SZ selected interpersonal emotion regulation and avoidance more often than CN, while both groups selected reappraisal and distraction more often than avoidance and suppression. Overall, strategies were effective at reducing negative emotion and adaptive for reducing delusions over time. Reappraisal, avoidance, and suppression all significantly down-regulated delusions over time. Although some selection abnormalities were present in terms of rate of selection and effort exertion, people with SZ select strategies which are effective and adaptive in the short term. The present results have implications for how cognitive therapy for psychosis may target delusions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Global, regional, and national epidemiology of migraine and tension-type headache in youths and young adults aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, headache disorders have garnered significant attention as a pressing global health issue. This concern is especially pronounced in low- to middle-income countries and exhibits a notable increase in prevalence among adolescents and young adults. Such a surge in these disorders has invariably diminished the quality of life for affected individuals. Despite its global impact, comprehensive studies exploring the ramifications of headache disorders in the younger population remain scant. Our study endeavored to quantify the global prevalence of headache disorders in individuals between the ages of 15 and 39, over a three-decade span from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Our study, conducted from 1990 to 2019, evaluated the impact of headache disorders, specifically migraines and tension-type headaches (TTH), in 204 different countries and territories. This comprehensive assessment included a detailed analysis of incidence rates, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) across various demographics such as age, gender, year, geographical location, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). RESULTS: In 2019, there were an estimated 581,761,847.2 migraine cases globally (95% UI: 488,309,998.1 to 696,291,713.7), marking a 16% increase from 1990. Concurrently, TTH cases numbered at 964,808,567.1 (95% UI: 809,582,531.8 to 1,155,235,337.2), reflecting a 37% rise since 1990. South Asia reported the highest migraine prevalence with 154,490,169.8 cases (95% UI: 130,296,054.6 to 182,464,065.6). High SDI regions exhibited the most substantial migraine prevalence rates both in 1990 (22,429 per 100,000 population) and 2019 (22,606 per 100,000 population). Among the five SDI classifications, the middle SDI region recorded the highest tally of TTH cases in both 1990 (210,136,691.6 cases) and 2019 (287,577,250 cases). Over the past 30 years, East Asia experienced the most pronounced surge in the number of migraine cases. On the whole, there was a discernible positive correlation between the disease burden of migraine and TTH and the SDI. CONCLUSION: Migraine and TTH represent formidable challenges in global health. The intensity of their impact exhibits marked disparities across nations and is distinctly elevated among women, individuals within the 30-39 age bracket, and populations characterized by a high SDI. The results of our research emphasize the imperative of assimilating migraine and TTH management into contemporary healthcare paradigms. Such strategic integration holds the potential to amplify public cognizance regarding pertinent risk factors and the spectrum of therapeutic interventions at hand.

Environmental resource reductions predict greater severity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

No pharmacological or psychosocial interventions effectively treat negative symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ), despite the identification of biological and psychological mechanistic targets. Limited treatment progress may result from failure to account for non-person-level environmental factors that present barriers to performing recreational, social, and goal-directed activities. The bioecosystem model of negative symptoms proposes that four interactive ecosystems (i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem) influence person-level factors (e.g., dysfunctional beliefs, glutamate, cortico-striatal functioning) to initiate and maintain negative symptoms. The current study tested this hypothesis by examining whether indirect environmental factors (e.g., access to resources for performing activities in the built environment) were associated with dysfunctional beliefs (defeatist performance, asocial, anhedonic) and negative symptoms (anhedonia, avolition, asociality). Self-reports of indirect environmental factors (i.e., the built environment), dysfunctional beliefs, and negative symptoms were collected from 31 individuals with SZ and 29 matched healthy controls. Mediation analyses were conducted with dysfunctional beliefs as the predictor, indirect environmental factors as mediator, and negative symptoms as the outcome. Individuals with SZ reported reduced access to environmental resources for performing recreational, goal-directed, and social activities; these reductions were associated with greater negative symptom severity. Mediation analyses indicated that the effect of dysfunctional beliefs on negative symptoms was mediated by participants' satisfaction with resources for performing activities in their environment. These findings suggest that psychosocial treatments could be augmented to not only target dysfunctional beliefs, but also environmental processes that lead these beliefs to emerge and contribute to negative symptoms.

Study on Design and Preparation of Conductive Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fibrous Membrane with High Conductivity via Electrostatic Spinning.

The novel conductive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous membrane with high conductivity and sensitivity was successfully prepared via electrostatic spinning and efficient silver reduction technology. Based on the selective dissolution of porogen of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the porous PVDF fibrous membrane with excellent adsorbability and mechanical strength was obtained, providing a structure base for the preparation of conductive PVDF fibrous membrane with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PVDF). The Ag+ in the AgNO3 mixed solution with PVP was absorbed and maintained in the inner parts and surface of the porous structure. After the reducing action of ascorbic acid-mixed solution with PVP, silver nanoparticles were obtained tightly in an original porous PVDF fibrous membrane, realizing the maximum conductivity of 2500 S/m. With combined excellent conductivity and mechanical strength, the AgNPs-PVDF fibrous membrane effectively and sensitively detected strain signals of throat vocalization, elbow, wrist, finger, and knee (gauge factor of 23). The electrospun conductive AgNPs-PVDF combined the characteristics of low resistance, high mechanical strength, and soft breathability, which provided a new and effective preparation method of conductive fibers for practical application in wearable devices.

[Analysis of the incidence and related factors of hypothermia in patients with continuous renal replacement therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of hypothermia in patients with acute renal injury (AKI) receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and to compare the effects of different heating methods on the incidence of hypothermia in patients with CRRT. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. AKI patients with CRRT who were admitted to the department of critical care medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital) from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled as the study subjects. Patients were divided into dialysate heating group and reverse-piped heating group according to randomized numerical table method. Both groups were provided with reasonable treatment mode and parameter setting by the bedside physician according to the patient's specific condition. The dialysis heating group used the AsahiKASEI dialysis machine heating panel to heat the dialysis solution at 37 centigrade. The reverse-piped heating group used the Barkey blood heater from the Prismaflex CRRT system to heat the dialysis solution, and the heating line temperature was set at 41 centigrade. The patient's temperature was then continuously monitored. Hypothermia was defined as a temperature lower than 36 centigrade or a drop of more than 1 centigrade from the basal body temperature. The incidence and duration of hypothermia were compared between the two groups. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of hypothermia during CRRT in AKI patients. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients with AKI treated with CRRT were eventually enrolled, including 37 in the dialysate heating group and 36 in the reverse-piped heating group. The incidence of hypothermia in the dialysis heating group was significantly lower than that in the reverse-piped heating group [40.5% (15/37) vs. 69.4% (25/36), P < 0.05], and the hypothermia occurred later than that in the reverse-piped heating group (hours: 5.40±0.92 vs. 3.35±0.92, P < 0.01). Patients were divided into hypothermic and non-hypothermic groups based on the presence or absence of hypothermia, and a univariate analysis of all indicators showed a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in hypothermic patients (n = 40) compared with the non-hypothermic patients [n = 33; mmHg (1 mmHg ≈ 0.133 kPa): 77.45±12.47 vs. 94.42±14.51, P < 0.01], shock, administration of medium and high doses of vasoactive drug (medium dose: 0.2-0.5 µg×kg-1×min-1, high dose: > 0.5 µg×kg-1×min-1) and CRRT treatment were significantly increased [shock: 45.0% (18/40) vs. 6.1% (2/33), administration of medium and high doses of vasoactive drugs: 82.5% (33/40) vs. 18.2% (6/33), administration of CRRT (mL×kg-1×h-1): 51.50±9.38 vs. 38.42±10.97, all P < 0.05], there were also significant differences in CRRT heating types between the two groups [in the hypothermia group, the main heating method was the infusion line heating, which was 62.5% (25/40), while in the non-hypothermia group, the main heating method was the dialysate heating, which was 66.7% (22/33), P < 0.05]. Including the above indicators in a binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis, it was found that shock [odds ratio (OR) = 17.633, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.487-209.064], mid-to-high-dose vasoactive drug (OR = 24.320, 95%CI was 3.076-192.294), CRRT heating type (reverse-piped heating; OR = 13.316, 95%CI was 1.485-119.377), and CRRT treatment dose (OR = 1.130, 95%CI was 1.020-1.251) were risk factors for hypothermia during CRRT in AKI patients (all P < 0.05), while MAP was protective factor (OR = 0.922, 95%CI was 0.861-0.987, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AKI patients have a high incidence of hypothermia during CRRT treatment, and the incidence of hypothermia can be effectively reduced by heating CRRT treatment fluids. Shock, use of medium and high doses of vasoactive drug, CRRT heating type, and CRRT treatment dose are risk factors for hypothermia during CRRT in AKI patients, with MAP is a protective factor.

Three-Layered Thin Films for Simultaneous Infrared Camouflage and Radiative Cooling.

With the rapid advancements in aerospace technology and infrared detection technology, there are increasing needs for materials with simultaneous infrared camouflage and radiative cooling capabilities. In this study, a three-layered Ge/Ag/Si thin film structure on a titanium alloy TC4 substrate (a widely used skin material for spacecraft) is designed and optimized to achieve such spectral compatibility by combining the transfer matrix method and the genetic algorithm. The structure exhibits a low average emissivity of 0.11 in the atmospheric windows of 3-5 µm and 8-14 µm for infrared camouflage and a high average emissivity of 0.69 in 5-8 µm for radiative cooling. Furthermore, the designed metasurface shows a high degree of robustness regarding the polarization and incidence angle of the incoming electromagnetic wave. The underlying mechanisms allowing for the spectral compatibility of the metasurface can be elucidated as follows: the top Ge layer selectively transmits electromagnetic waves ranging from 5-8 µm while it reflects those in the ranges of 3-5 µm and 8-14 µm. The transmitted electromagnetic waves from the Ge layer are first absorbed by the Ag layer and then localized in the Fabry-Perot resonance cavity formed by Ag layer, Si layer and TC4 substrate. Ag and TC4 make further intrinsic absorptions during the multiple reflections of the localized electromagnetic waves.

Dynamic evolution and response strategy of demand in buffer zone between scattered groundwater sources and hazardous waste landfill.

Groundwater contamination by landfill leachate is a major concern. Ignoring the long-term increase in leakage caused by the aging of engineered materials may lead to underestimation of the buffer distance (BFD) demand of landfills. In this study, a long-term BFD prediction model was developed by coupling an engineering material aging and defect evolution module with leachate leakage and migration transformation model, and was applicated and validated. The results showed that under landfill performance degradation, the required BFD was 2400 m, i.e., 6 times higher than under undegraded conditions. With the degradation of the performance, the BFD required to attenuate the heavy metal concentrations of groundwater increases more than the BFD required to attenuate organic pollutants. For example, the BFD required for zinc (Zn) was 5 times higher than that required for undegraded conditions, while for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-D), the BFD was 1 times higher. Considering the uncertainties of the model parameters and structure, the BFD should be greater than 3000 m to ensure long-term safe water use under unfavorable conditions such as large leachate production and leakage, weak degradation and fast diffusion of pollutants. If the actual BFD does not meet the demand due to landfill performance degradation, the landfill owner can reduce the reliance on the BFD by reducing the waste leaching behavior. For example, the landfill in our case study would require a BFD of 2400 m, but by reducing the leaching concentration of zinc in the waste from 120 to 55 mg/L, this requirement could be reduced to 900 m.

The LINC00501-HSP90B1-STAT3 positive feedback loop promotes malignant behavior in gastric cancer cells.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in gastric cancer (GC) carcinogenesis and progression. However, the role of LINC00501 in GC growth and metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we found that LINC00501 was frequently upregulated in GC cells and tissues and was closely related to adverse GC clinicopathological features. Aberrant overexpression of LINC00501 promoted GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00501 stabilized client protein STAT3 from deubiquitylation by directly interacting with cancer chaperone protein HSP90B1. Furthermore, the LINC00501-STAT3 axis modulated GC cell proliferation and metastasis. In turn, STAT3 bound directly to the LINC00501 promoter and positively activated LINC00501 expression, thus forming a positive feedback loop, thereby accelerating tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. In addition, LINC00501 expression was positively correlated with STAT3 and p-STAT3 protein expression levels in gastric clinical samples. Our results reveal that LINC00501 acts as an oncogenic lncRNA and that the LINC00501-HSP90B1-STAT3 positive feedback loop contributes to GC development and progression, suggesting that LINC00501 may be a novel potential biomarker and treatment target for GC.