Tryptanthrin suppresses multiple inflammasome activation to regulate NASH progression by targeting ASC protein.

BACKGROUND: The adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) can be activated through pyrin domain (PYD) interactions between sensors and ASC, and through CARD interactions between caspase-1 and ASC. Although the majority of ternary inflammasome complexes depend on ASC, drugs targeting ASC protein remain scarce. After screening natural compounds from Isatidis Radixin, we found that tryptanthrin (TPR) could inhibit NLRP3-induced IL-1ß and caspase-1 production, but the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of TPR on the NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes and the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the efficacy of TPR was analysed in the further course of methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD)-induced NASH and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis models of mice. METHODS: In vitro studies used bone marrow-derived macrophages to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of TPR, and the techniques included western blot, testing of intracellular K+ and Ca2+, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), co-immunoprecipitation, ASC oligomerization assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and molecular docking. We used LPS-induced sepsis models and MCD-induced NASH models in vivo to evaluate the effectiveness of TPR in inhibiting inflammatory diseases. RESULTS: Our observations suggested that TPR could inhibit NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasome activation. As shown in a mouse model of inflammatory diseases caused by MCD-induced NASH and LPS-induced sepsis, TPR significantly alleviated the progression of diseases. TPR interrupted the interactions between ASC and NLRP3/NLRC4/AIM2 in the co-immunoprecipitation experiment, and stable binding of TPR to ASC was also evident in SPR experiments. The underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activities of TPR might be associated with targeting ASC, in particular, PYD domain of ASC. CONCLUSION: In general, the requirement for ASC in multiple inflammasome complexes makes TPR, as a novel broad-spectrum inflammasome inhibitor, potentially useful for treating a wide range of multifactorial inflammasome-related diseases.

Effect of κ-carrageenan on the quality of crayfish surimi gels.

The demand for crayfish surimi products has grown recently due to its high protein content. This study examined the effects of varying κ-carrageenan (CAR) and crayfish surimi (CSM) concentrations on the gelling properties of CAR-CSM composite gel and its intrinsic formation process. Our findings demonstrated that with the increasing concentration of carrageenan, the quality of CAR-CSM exhibited rising trend followed by subsequently fall. Based on the textural qualities, the highest quality CAR-CSM was achieved at 0.3% carrageenan addition. With the exception of chewiness, and the cooking loss of the gel system was 1.62%, whiteness was 82.35%, and the percentage of ß-sheets increased to 57.18%. Further increase in CAR (0.4-0.5%) addition resulted in internal build-up of LCAR-CSM, conversion of intermolecular forces into disulfide bonds and gel breakage. This study exudes timely recommendations for extending the CAR application for the continuous development of crayfish surimi and its derivatives and its overall economic worth.

Investigating the physicochemical characteristics and importance of insoluble dietary fiber extracted from legumes: An in-depth study on its biological functions.

Legumes are widely appreciated for their abundant reserves of insoluble dietary fiber, which are characterized by their high fiber content and diverse bioactive compounds. Insoluble dietary fiber in leguminous crops is primarily localized in the structural cell walls and outer integument and exhibits strong hydrophilic properties that enable water absorption and volumetric expansion, resulting in increased food bulk and viscosity. This contributes to enhanced satiety and accelerated gastrointestinal transit. The benefits of legume insoluble dietary fiber extend to its notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, as well as its ability to modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while suppressing the proliferation of harmful pathogens, thereby promoting optimal intestinal health. It is highly valued as a valuable thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier, contributing to the texture and stability of a wide range of food products.

Prognostic prediction of patients having classical papillary thyroid carcinoma with a 4 mRNA-based risk model.

The dysregulation of protein-coding genes involved in various biological functions is closely associated with the progression of thyroid cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dysregulated gene expressions on the prognosis of classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC). Using expression profiling datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we performed differential expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to identify DEGs, which were used to construct a risk model to predict the prognosis of cPTC patients. Functional enrichment analysis unveiled the potential significance of co-expressed protein-encoding genes in tumors. We identified 4 DEGs (SALL3, PPBP, MYH1, and SYNDIG1), which were used to construct a risk model to predict the prognosis of cPTC patients. These 4 genes were independent of clinical parameters and could be functional in cPTC carcinogenesis. Furthermore, PPBP exhibited a strong correlation with poorer overall survival (OS) in the advanced stage of the disease. This study suggests that the 4-gene signature could be an independent prognostic biomarker to improve prognosis prediction in cPTC patients older than 46.

Pulmonary Arterial Anatomical Patterns: a Classification Scheme Based on Lobectomy and 3D-CTBA.

PURPOSE: Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary vascular and tracheal routes and variations is of great importance to the surgeon. Three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) has evolved in recent years with the optimization of 3D reconstruction techniques and artificial intelligence. We aim to apply CT angiography and Exoview 3D reconstruction technology to assess patients' pulmonary arterial tree and its anatomical variants and to try to summarize a set of anatomical typing of the pulmonary arterial tree that is relatively easy and conducive to promoting teaching based on surgical habits of lobectomy. METHODS: A total of 358 patients hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between July 2020 and August 2021 were included in this study. We carefully analyzed the site of emanation, alignment, and number of branches of the pulmonary artery according to a uniform classification method in conjunction with the two-dimensional CT images and transformed them into 3D reconstruction models. RESULTS: Different types of pulmonary artery were observed in 358 cases. We evaluated the complete pulmonary artery tree and counted the number and frequency of major arteries of the pulmonary based on the surgical habits of anatomical lobectomy. CONCLUSION: The 3D-CTBA technique enables us to adequately assess the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries. Moreover, we provide a practical classification scheme of pulmonary arterial anatomical patterns based on lobectomy and 3D-CTBA. Our data can be used by clinicians in the teaching of pulmonary artery anatomy and the preoperative preparation for anatomical lobectomy.

A Stretchable and Tough Graphene Film Enabled by Mechanical Bond.

The pursuit of fabricating high-performance graphene films has aroused considerable attention due to their potential for practical applications. However, developing both stretchable and tough graphene films remains a formidable challenge. To address this issue, we herein introduce mechanical bond to comprehensively improve the mechanical properties of graphene films, utilizing [2]rotaxane as the bridging unit. Under external force, the [2]rotaxane cross-link undergoes intramolecular motion, releasing hidden chain and increasing the interlayer slip distance between graphene nanosheets. Compared with graphene films without [2]rotaxane cross-linking, the presence of mechanical bond not only boosted the strength of graphene films (247.3 vs 74.8 MPa) but also markedly promoted the tensile strain (23.6 vs 10.2%) and toughness (23.9 vs 4.0 MJ/m3). Notably, the achieved tensile strain sets a record high and the toughness surpasses most reported results, rendering the graphene films suitable for applications as flexible electrodes. Even when the films were stretched within a 20% strain and repeatedly bent vertically, the light-emitting diodes maintained an on-state with little changes in brightness. Additionally, the film electrodes effectively actuated mechanical joints, enabling uninterrupted grasping movements. Therefore, the study holds promise for expanding the application of graphene films and simultaneously inspiring the development of other high-performance two-dimensional films.

High-density, highly sensitive sensor array of spiky carbon nanospheres for strain field mapping.

While accurate mapping of strain distribution is crucial for assessing stress concentration and estimating fatigue life in engineering applications, conventional strain sensor arrays face a great challenge in balancing sensitivity and sensing density for effective strain mapping. In this study, we present a Fowler-Nordheim tunneling effect of monodispersed spiky carbon nanosphere array on polydimethylsiloxane as strain sensor arrays to achieve a sensitivity up to 70,000, a sensing density of 100 pixel cm-2, and logarithmic linearity over 99% within a wide strain range of 0% to 60%. The highly ordered assembly of spiky carbon nanospheres in each unit also ensures high inter-unit consistency (standard deviation ≤3.82%). Furthermore, this sensor array can conformally cover diverse surfaces, enabling accurate acquisition of strain distributions. The sensing array offers a convenient approach for mapping strain fields in various applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, biomechanics, and structure health monitoring.

Global One Health index for zoonoses: A performance assessment in 160 countries and territories.

The One Health (OH) approach is used to control/prevent zoonotic events. However, there is a lack of tools for systematically assessing OH practices. Here, we applied the Global OH Index (GOHI) to evaluate the global OH performance for zoonoses (GOHI-Zoonoses). The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process algorithm and fuzzy comparison matrix were used to calculate the weights and scores of five key indicators, 16 subindicators, and 31 datasets for 160 countries and territories worldwide. The distribution of GOHI-Zoonoses scores varies significantly across countries and regions, reflecting the strengths and weaknesses in controlling or responding to zoonotic threats. Correlation analyses revealed that the GOHI-Zoonoses score was associated with economic, sociodemographic, environmental, climatic, and zoological factors. Additionally, the Human Development Index had a positive effect on the score. This study provides an evidence-based reference and guidance for global, regional, and country-level efforts to optimize the health of people, animals, and the environment.

Anlotinib hydrochloride consolidation after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a truncated, randomized, multicenter, clinical study (ALTER-L029).

Anlotinib is an antiangiogenic drug that shows good efficacy and safety in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of anlotinib for consolidation therapy in patients with stage III locally advanced, unresectable NSCLC after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT). This was a randomized, parallel-controlled, open-label, multicenter, phase II trial of patients with unresectable/nonoperated NSCLC treated with cCRT. The participants were randomized 2:1 to the anlotinib or control group. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints were the disease control rate (DCR) and overall survival. This study was terminated early due to poor recruitment. Nine and two participants were randomly assigned to the anlotinib and control groups, respectively. One participant in the control group was excluded due to taking prohibited medications before the first efficacy evaluation. In the anlotinib group, the median age was 63 (range, 37-74) years. Two participants achieved partial response, six stable disease, and one progressive disease as best response. The DCR was 88.9%. The median PFS was 11.5 months, and the 12-month PFS rate was 33.9%. All related adverse events were grade 1 or 2. Two participants had a dose adjustment during the study. The evaluable data suggest that anlotinib alone was effective and tolerable in consolidation therapy after cCRT in patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC. The results need to be confirmed by a large-sample trial. This clinical trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03743129). Registration date: 6 September 2018.

Microwave biosensor for the detection of growth inhibition of human liver cancer cells at different concentrations of chemotherapeutic drug.

Cytotoxicity assays are crucial for assessing the efficacy of drugs in killing cancer cells and determining their potential therapeutic value. Measurement of the effect of drug concentration, which is an influence factor on cytotoxicity, is of great importance. This paper proposes a cytotoxicity assay using microwave sensors in an end-point approach based on the detection of the number of live cells for the first time. In contrast to optical methods like fluorescent labeling, this research uses a resonator-type microwave biosensor to evaluate the effects of drug concentrations on cytotoxicity by monitoring electrical parameter changes due to varying cell densities. Initially, the feasibility of treating cells with ultrapure water for cell counting by a microwave biosensor is confirmed. Subsequently, inhibition curves generated by both the CCK-8 method and the new microwave biosensor for various drug concentrations were compared and found to be congruent. This agreement supports the potential of microwave-based methods to quantify cell growth inhibition by drug concentrations.

New insights into mechanisms and interventions of locoregional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths worldwide and its incidence is increasing. Locoregional treatments, which are precision procedures guided by imaging to specifically target liver tumors, play a critical role in the management of a substantial portion of HCC cases. These therapies have become an essential element of the HCC treatment landscape, with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) being the treatment of choice for patients with intermediate to advanced stages of the disease. Other locoregional therapies, like radiofrequency ablation, are highly effective for small, early-stage HCC. Nevertheless, the advent of targeted immunotherapy has challenged these established treatments. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable efficacy in clinical settings. However, their specific uses and the development of resistance in subsequent treatments have led clinicians to reevaluate the future direction of HCC therapy. This review concentrates on the distinct features of both systemic and novel locoregional therapies. We investigate their effects on the tumor microenvironment at the molecular level and discuss how targeted immunotherapy can be effectively integrated with locoregional therapies. We also examine research findings from retrospective studies and randomized controlled trials on various combined treatment regimens, assessing their validity to determine the future evolution of locoregional therapies within the framework of personalized, comprehensive treatment.

Cardiovascular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective multicenter cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly transformed cancer treatment. However, ICIs inevitably may cause a spectrum of immune-related adverse events, among which cardiovascular toxicity, particularly myocarditis, while infrequent, has garnered increasing attention due to its high fatality rate. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study to characterize ICI-associated cardiovascular adverse events. Logistic regression was performed to explore the risk factors for the development of myocarditis and severe myocarditis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were conducted to assess the diagnostic abilities of cardiac biomarkers to distinguish different cardiovascular toxicities, and the performance and calibration were evaluated using Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS: Forty-four patients were identified, including thirty-five myocarditis, five heart failure, three arrhythmias, and one myocardial infarction. Compared with other patients, myocarditis patients had higher cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) levels (p < 0.001), higher creatine kinase levels (p = 0.003), higher creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) levels (p = 0.013), and shorter time to the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events (p = 0.022) after ICI treatment. Twenty-one patients (60%) were classified as severe myocarditis, and they presented higher cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels (p = 0.013), higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (p = 0.031), higher creatine kinase levels (p = 0.018), higher CK-MB levels (p = 0.026), and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels (p = 0.016) compared to non-severe myocarditis patients after ICI treatment. Multivariate logistic regression showed that CK-MB (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.775, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.055-2.984, p = 0.031) was the independent risk factor of the development of ICI-associated myocarditis, and cTnI (adjusted OR: 1.021, 95% CI: 1.002-1.039, p = 0.03) and NLR (adjusted OR: 1.890, 95% CI: 1.026-3.483, p = 0.041) were the independent risk factors of ICI-associated severe myocarditis. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under curve of 0.785 (95% CI: 0.642 to 0.928, p = 0.013) for CK-MB, 0.765 (95% CI: 0.601 to 0.929, p = 0.013) for cTnI, and 0.773 for NLR (95% CI: 0.597 to 0.948, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CK-MB after ICI treatment is the independent risk factor for the incidence of ICI-associated myocarditis, and elevated cTnI and NLR after ICI treatment are the independent risk factors for the development of ICI-associated severe myocarditis. CK-MB, cTnI, and NLR demonstrated a promising predictive utility for the identification of ICI-associated myocarditis and severe myocarditis.

Cystic adenomyoma of the uterus: Case report and literature review.

Cystic adenomyosis is a rare type of adenomyosis. The main clinical manifestation of uterine cystic adenomyoma is severe dysmenorrhoea, and the condition can be diagnosed by relevant clinical examination. The preferred treatment, with a good prognosis, is lesion resection. The clinical data of a patient with uterine cystic adenomyoma recorded at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University are reported herein. A 39-year-old female patient presented with tolerable menstrual pain and aggravated dysmenorrhoea, which she had experienced for 4 years, and menorrhagia, which she had had for approximately 1 year. Ultrasound and tumour marker tests suggested abnormalities, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a diagnosis of uterine cystic adenomyoma. A hysteroscopy and intrauterine lesion electrocision were performed, and the results of postoperative pathology tests suggested that the endometriosis cysts had returned to normal after the postoperative intervention. The analysis of the clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment of uterine cystic adenomyoma can improve the understanding of the disease and reduce the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses to ensure early detection with timely diagnosis and treatment.

Efficient Glucose Isomerization to Fructose using Photoregenerable MgSnO3 Catalyst with Cooperative Acid-Base Sites.

The isomerization of glucose to fructose plays a crucial role in the food industry and the production biomass-derived chemicals in biorefineries. However, the catalyst used in this reaction suffers from low selectivity and catalyst deactivation due to carbon or by-product deposition. In this study, MgSnO3 catalyst, synthesized via a facile two-step process involving hydrothermal treatment and calcination, was used for glucose isomerization to fructose. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding catalytic performance, achieving a fructose equilibrium yield of 29.8% with a selectivity exceeding 90% under mild conditions owing to its acid-base interaction. Notably, spent catalysts can be regenerated by photoirradiation to remove surface carbon, thereby avoiding the changes in properties and subsequent loss of activity associated with conventional calcination regeneration method. This novel approach eliminates the energy consumption and potential structural aggregation associated with traditional calcination regeneration methods. The acid-base active sites of the catalyst, along with their corresponding catalytic reaction mechanism and photoregeneration mechanism were investigated. This study presents a demonstration of the comprehensive utilization of catalytic material properties, i.e., acid-base and photocatalytic functionalities, for the development of a green and sustainable biomass thermochemical conversion system.

Determination of vancomycin and meropenem in serum and synovial fluid of patients with prosthetic joint infections using UPLC-MS/MS.

Numerous studies have suggested that intra-articular administration of antibiotics following primary revision surgery may be one of the methods for treating prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Vancomycin and meropenem are the two most commonly used antibiotics for local application. Determining the concentrations of vancomycin and meropenem in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with PJI plays a significant role in further optimizing local medication schemes and effectively eradicating biofilm infections. This study aimed to establish a rapid, sensitive, and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for determining the concentrations of vancomycin and meropenem in human serum and synovial fluid. Serum samples were processed using acetonitrile precipitation of proteins and dichloromethane extraction, while synovial fluid samples were diluted before analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved in 6 min on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column, with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B). Quantification was carried out using a Waters XEVO TQD triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive ion mode. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed to detect the following quantifier ion transitions: 717.95-99.97 (norvancomycin), 725.90-100.04 (vancomycin), 384.16-67.99 (meropenem). The method validation conformed to the guidelines of the FDA and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The method demonstrated good linearity within the range of 0.5-50 µg/ml for serum and 0.5-100 µg/ml for synovial fluid. Selectivity, intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability validation results all met the required standards. This method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies of patients with PJI.

Deciphering male influence in gynogenetic Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. pengsenensis): insights from Nanopore sequencing of structural variations.

In this study, we investigate gynogenetic reproduction in Pengze Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus var. pengsenensis) using third-generation Nanopore sequencing to uncover structural variations (SVs) in offspring. Our objective was to understand the role of male genetic material in gynogenesis by examining the genomes of both parents and their offspring. We discovered a notable number of male-specific structural variations (MSSVs): 1,195 to 1,709 MSSVs in homologous offspring, accounting for approximately 0.52%-0.60% of their detected SVs, and 236 to 350 MSSVs in heterologous offspring, making up about 0.10%-0.13%. These results highlight the significant influence of male genetic material on the genetic composition of offspring, particularly in homologous pairs, challenging the traditional view of asexual reproduction. The gene annotation of MSSVs revealed their presence in critical gene regions, indicating potential functional impacts. Specifically, we found 5 MSSVs in the exonic regions of protein-coding genes in homologous offspring, suggesting possible direct effects on protein structure and function. Validation of an MSSV in the exonic region of the polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase gene confirmed male genetic material transmission in some offspring. This study underscores the importance of further research on the genetic diversity and gynogenesis mechanisms, providing valuable insights for reproductive biology, aquaculture, and fostering innovation in biological research and aquaculture practices.

Real-Time Detection of Yeast Growth on Solid Medium through Passive Microresonator Biosensor.

This study presents a biosensor fabricated based on integrated passive device (IPD) technology to measure microbial growth on solid media in real-time. Yeast (Pichia pastoris, strain GS115) is used as a model organism to demonstrate biosensor performance. The biosensor comprises an interdigital capacitor in the center with a helical inductive structure surrounding it. Additionally, 12 air bridges are added to the capacitor to increase the strength of the electric field radiated by the biosensor at the same height. Feasibility is verified by using a capacitive biosensor, and the change in capacitance values during the capacitance detection process with the growth of yeast indicates that the growth of yeast can induce changes in electrical parameters. The proposed IPD-based biosensor is used to measure yeast drop-added on a 3 mm medium for 100 h at an operating frequency of 1.84 GHz. The resonant amplitude of the biosensor varies continuously from 24 to 72 h due to the change in colony height during vertical growth of the yeast, with a maximum change of 0.21 dB. The overall measurement results also fit well with the Gompertz curve. The change in resonant amplitude between 24 and 72 h is then analyzed and reveals a linear relationship with time with a coefficient of determination of 0.9844, indicating that the biosensor is suitable for monitoring yeast growth. Thus, the proposed biosensor is proved to have potential in the field of microbial proliferation detection.

Selenium Treatment Alleviates the Inhibition Caused by Nep-L Gene Knockdown in Silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Recent studies have emphasized the beneficial effects of 50 µM selenium (Se) on the growth and development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori; however, less is known about its underlying mechanism. To unravel the effect of 50 µM Se on the silkworms with neutral endopeptidase 24.11-like gene (NEP-L) knockdown, we injected small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the body cavity of silkworms. Phenotypic characteristics, mRNA expression of the Nep-L gene, and enriched Se content were evaluated in silkworms from each treatment group. After injecting Nep-L siRNA, the body weight, cocoon quality (cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio), and egg production of silkworms were significantly reduced, without any significant effect on egg laying number. However, Se treatment could significantly alleviate the inhibition of body weight, and cocoon quality, without significant effects on egg laying number and production. In addition, the gene knockdown increased Se content in the B. mori. On the molecular level, the targeted Nep-L gene was inhibited significantly by siRNA interference, essentially with the strongest effect at 24 h after RNAi, followed by steady recovery. Among the three fragments, the siRNA of Nep-L-3 was the most effective in interfering with target gene expression. Nep-L gene showed the highest expression in Malpighian tubules (MTs). Both at the phenotypic and genotypic levels, our results show that Nep-L knockdown can exert a significant inhibitory effect on silkworms, and 50 µM Se can reverse the negative effect, which provides a practical prospect for strengthening the silkworm food industry.

[New drug discovery and prospect of small nucleic acids derived from traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicine].

Small nucleic acid drugs mainly include small interfering RNA(siRNA), antisense oligonucleotide(ASO), microRNA(miRNA), messenger RNA(mRNA), nucleic acid aptamer(aptamer), and so on. Its translation or regulation can be inhibited by binding to the RNA of the target molecule. Due to its strong specificity, persistence, and curability, small nucleic acid drugs have received considerable attention in recent years. Recent studies have shown that some miRNAs from animal and plant sources can stably exist in the blood, tissue, and organs of animals and human beings and exert pharmacological action by regulating the expression of various target proteins. This paper summarized the discovery of small nucleic acids derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and natural drugs and their cross-border regulatory mechanisms and discussed the technical challenges and regulatory issues brought by this new drug, which can provide new ideas and methods for explaining the complex mechanism of TCM, developing new drugs of small nucleic acids from TCM and natural medicine, and conducting regulatory scientific research.