UAV-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing: Dynamic Trajectory Design and Resource Allocation.

The recent advancements of mobile edge computing (MEC) technologies and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have provided resilient and flexible computation services for ground users beyond the coverage of terrestrial service. In this paper, we focus on a UAV-assisted MEC system in which the UAV equipped with MEC servers is used to assist user devices in computing their tasks. To minimize the weighted average energy consumption and delay in the UAV-assisted MEC system, a LQR-Lagrange-based DDPG (LLDDPG) algorithm, which jointly optimizes the user task offloading and the UAV trajectory design, is proposed. To be specific, the LLDDPG algorithm consists of three subproblems. The DDPG algorithm is used to address the issue of UAV desired trajectory planning, and subsequently, the LQR-based algorithm is employed to achieve the real-time tracking control of UAV desired trajectory. Finally, the Lagrange duality method is proposed to solve the optimization problem of computational resource allocation. Simulation results indicate that the proposed LLDDPG algorithm can effectively improve the system resource management and realize the real-time UAV trajectory design.

Research Progress on Ti3C2Tx-Based Composite Materials in Antibacterial Field.

The integration of two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and other materials offers broader application options in the antibacterial field. Ti3C2Tx-based composites demonstrate synergistic physical, chemical, and photodynamic antibacterial activity. In this review, we aim to explore the potential of Ti3C2Tx-based composites in the fabrication of an antibiotic-free antibacterial agent with a focus on their systematic classification, manufacturing technology, and application potential. We investigate various components of Ti3C2Tx-based composites, such as metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, organic frameworks, photosensitizers, etc. We also summarize the fabrication techniques used for preparing Ti3C2Tx-based composites, including solution mixing, chemical synthesis, layer-by-layer self-assembly, electrostatic assembly, and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The most recent developments in antibacterial application are also thoroughly discussed, with special attention to the medical, water treatment, food preservation, flexible textile, and industrial sectors. Ultimately, the future directions and opportunities are delineated, underscoring the focus of further research, such as elucidating microscopic mechanisms, achieving a balance between biocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency, and investigating effective, eco-friendly synthesis techniques combined with intelligent technology. A survey of the literature provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art developments in Ti3C2Tx-based composites and their potential applications in various fields. This comprehensive review covers the variety, preparation methods, and applications of Ti3C2Tx-based composites, drawing upon a total of 171 English-language references. Notably, 155 of these references are from the past five years, indicating significant recent progress and interest in this research area.

A mitochondria-specific NIR fluorescence probe for dual-detection of sulfur dioxide and viscosity in living cells and mice.

The level of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and viscosity in mitochondria play vital roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Abnormalities in mitochondrial SO2 and viscosity are closely associated with numerous biological diseases. It is of great significance to develop novel fluorescence probes for simultaneous detection of SO2 and viscosity within mitochondria. Herein, we have developed a water-soluble, mitochondrial-targeted and near-infrared fluorescent probe, CMBT, for the simultaneous detection of SO2 and viscosity. The probe CMBT incorporates benzothiazolium salt as a mitochondrial targeting moiety and 7-diethylaminocoumarin as a rotor for viscosity detection, respectively. Based on the prompt reaction between nucleophilic HSO3-/SO32- and the backbone of the benzothiazolium salt derivative, probe CMBT displayed high sensitivity and selectivity toward SO2 with a limit of detection as low as 0.17 µM. As viscosity increased, the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process was restricted, resulting in fluorescence emission enhancement at 690 nm. Moreover, probe CMBT demonstrated exceptional mitochondrial targeting ability and was successfully employed to image variations of SO2 and viscosity in living cells and mice. The work highlights the great potential of the probe as a convenient tool for revealing the relationship between SO2 and viscosity in biological systems.

Striking the balance: Configurations of causation and effectuation principles for SME performance.

Causation and effectuation are two fundamental decision-making logics that managers use for crucial firm strategic decisions. However, existing research has yet to agree on the relationship between the two logics, supporting both the substitution and complementarity of causation and effectuation in influencing firm performance. This leaves us with a puzzle: How do causation and effectuation combine in balance to improve firm performance? To address the gap, we utilize a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with data collected from 344 small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China to uncover the dynamic relationships between the two logics. Our findings indicate that causation or effectuation alone is insufficient to achieve superior firm performance. By distinguishing between four dimensions of effectuation, we identify three types of configurations for high performance: (1) causation with promotion-focused effectuation principles; (2) causation with prevention-focused effectuation principles; (3) causation with hybrid-focused effectuation principles. More importantly, we find that the effectiveness of the configurations depends on the firm development stage. Our findings provide SMEs with practical insights into how to effectively choose their decision-making logic when faced with different firm growth challenges.

Exosomal circSIPA1L3-mediated intercellular communication contributes to glucose metabolic reprogramming and progression of triple negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor, and metastasis remains the major cause of poor prognosis. Glucose metabolic reprogramming is one of the prominent hallmarks in cancer, providing nutrients and energy to support dramatically elevated tumor growth and metastasis. Nevertheless, the potential mechanistic links between glycolysis and breast cancer progression have not been thoroughly elucidated. METHODS: RNA-seq analysis was used to identify glucose metabolism-related circRNAs. The expression of circSIPA1L3 in breast cancer tissues and serum was examined by qRT-PCR, and further assessed its diagnostic value. We also evaluated the prognostic potential of circSIPA1L3 by analyzing a cohort of 238 breast cancer patients. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, transcriptomic analysis, and molecular biology experiments were conducted to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of circSIPA1L3. RESULTS: Using RNA-seq analysis, circSIPA1L3 was identified as the critical mediator responsible for metabolic adaption upon energy stress. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that circSIPA1L3 exerted a stimulative effect on breast cancer progression and glycolysis, which could also be transported by exosomes and facilitated malignant behaviors among breast cancer cells. Significantly, the elevated lactate secretion caused by circSIPA1L3-mediated glycolysis enhancement promoted the recruitment of tumor associated macrophage and their tumor-promoting roles. Mechanistically, EIF4A3 induced the cyclization and cytoplasmic export of circSIPA1L3, which inhibited ubiquitin-mediated IGF2BP3 degradation through enhancing the UPS7-IGF2BP3 interaction. Furthermore, circSIPA1L3 increased mRNA stability of the lactate export carrier SLC16A1 and the glucose intake enhancer RAB11A through either strengthening their interaction with IGF2BP3 or sponging miR-665, leading to enhanced glycolytic metabolism. Clinically, elevated circSIPA1L3 expression indicated unfavorable prognosis base on the cohort of 238 breast cancer patients. Moreover, circSIPA1L3 was highly expressed in the serum of breast cancer patients and exhibited high diagnostic value for breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the oncogenic role of circSIPA1L3 through mediating glucose metabolism, which might serve as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Recent Progress on Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model: A Review Based on Bibliometrics.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic (PBPK/PBTK) models are designed to elucidate the mechanism of chemical compound action in organisms based on the physiological, biochemical, anatomical, and thermodynamic properties of organisms. After nearly a century of research and practice, good results have been achieved in the fields of medicine, environmental science, and ecology. However, there is currently a lack of a more systematic review of progress in the main research directions of PBPK models, especially a more comprehensive understanding of the application in aquatic environmental research. In this review, a total of 3974 articles related to PBPK models from 1996 to 24 March 2024 were collected. Then, the main research areas of the PBPK model were categorized based on the keyword co-occurrence maps and cluster maps obtained by CiteSpace. The results showed that research related to medicine is the main application area of PBPK. Four major research directions included in the medical field were "drug assessment", "cross-species prediction", "drug-drug interactions", and "pediatrics and pregnancy drug development", in which "drug assessment" accounted for 55% of the total publication volume. In addition, bibliometric analyses indicated a rapid growth trend in the application in the field of environmental research, especially in predicting the residual levels in organisms and revealing the relationship between internal and external exposure. Despite facing the limitation of insufficient species-specific parameters, the PBPK model is still an effective tool for improving the understanding of chemical-biological effectiveness and will provide a theoretical basis for accurately assessing potential risks to ecosystems and human health. The combination with the quantitative structure-activity relationship model, Bayesian method, and machine learning technology are potential solutions to the previous research gaps.

Wireless Intelligent Patch for Closed-loop In Situ Wound Management.

Wound infections pose a major healthcare issue, affecting the well-being of millions of patients worldwide. Effective intervention and on-site detection are important in wound management. However, current approaches are hindered by time-consuming analysis and a lack of technology for real-time monitoring and prompt therapy delivery. In this study, a smart wound patch system (SWPS) designed for wireless closed-loop and in-situ wound management is presented. The SWPS integrates a microfluidic structure, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensor, an electrical stimulation module, and a miniaturized flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). The OECT incorporates a bacteria-responsive DNA hydrogel-coated gate for continuous monitoring of bacterial virulence at wound sites. Real-time detection of OECT readings and on-demand delivery of electrical cues to accelerate wound healing is facilitated by a mobile phone application linked with an FPCB containing low-power electronics equipped with parallel sensing and stimulation circuitry. In this proof-of-concept study, the functionality of the SWPS is validated and its application both in vitro and in vivo is demonstrated. This proposed system expands the arsenal of tools available for effective wound management and enables personalized treatment.

BDNF-VGF Pathway Aggravates Incision Induced Acute Postoperative Pain via Upregulating the Neuroinflammation in Dorsal Root Ganglia.

Approximately one-third of postoperative patients are troubled by postoperative pain. Effective treatments are still lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-VGF (non-acronymic) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in postoperative pain. Pain behaviors were assessed through measurements of paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). Transcriptome analysis was conducted to identify potential targets associated with postoperative pain. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were employed to further detect macrophage activation as well as the expression of BDNF, VGF, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6. Results showed that plantar incision induced both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Transcriptome analysis suggested that plantar incision caused upregulation of BDNF and VGF. The expressions of BDNF and VGF were upregulated in isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive (CGRP+) neurons, rather than neurofilament 200-positive (NF200+) neurons. The activation of BDNF-VGF pathway upregulated expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1ß and promoted the activation of macrophages. In conclusion, BDNF-VGF pathway aggravates acute postoperative pain by promoting macrophage activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which may provide a new target for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Research on the global trends of COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury: a bibliometric analysis.

Critically ill COVID-19 patients may exhibit various clinical symptoms of renal dysfunction including severe Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Currently, there is a lack of bibliometric analyses on COVID-19-related AKI. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current research status and hot topics regarding COVID-19 AKI. The literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Subsequently, we utilized Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, Citespace, and Pajek software to revealed the current research status, emerging topics, and developmental trends pertaining to COVID-19 AKI. This study encompassed a total of 1507 studies on COVID-19 AKI. The United States, China, and Italy emerged as the leading three countries in terms of publication numbers, contributing 498 (33.05%), 229 (15.20%), and 140 (9.29%) studies, respectively. The three most active and influential institutions include Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan University and Harvard Medical School. Ronco C from Italy, holds the record for the highest number of publications, with a total of 15 papers authored. Cheng YC's work from China has garnered the highest number of citations, totaling 470 citations. The co-occurrence analysis of author keywords reveals that 'mortality', 'intensive care units', 'chronic kidney disease', 'nephrology', 'renal transplantation', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome', and 'risk factors' emerge as the primary areas of focus within the realm of COVID-19 AKI. In summary, this study analyzes the research trends in the field of COVID-19 AKI, providing a reference for further exploration and research on COVID-19 AKI mechanisms and treatment.

GGT5: a potential immunotherapy response inhibitor in gastric cancer by modulating GSH metabolism and sustaining memory CD8+ T cell infiltration.

PURPOSE: The variable responses to immunotherapy observed in gastric cancer (GC) patients can be attributed to the intricate nature of the tumor microenvironment. Glutathione (GSH) metabolism significantly influences the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. Consequently, targeting GSH metabolism holds promise for improving the effectiveness of Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS: We investigated 16 genes related to GSH metabolism, sourced from the MSigDB database, using pan-cancer datasets from TCGA. The most representative prognosis-related gene was identified for further analysis. ScRNA-sequencing analysis was used to explore the tumor heterogeneity of GC, and the results were confirmed by  Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). RESULTS: Through DEGs, LASSO, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and survival analysis, we identified GGT5 as the hub gene in GSH metabolism with the potential to promote GC. Combining CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and scRNA analysis, we constructed the immune architecture of GC. The subpopulations of T cells were isolated, revealing a strong association between GGT5 and memory CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, specimens from 10 GC patients receiving immunotherapy were collected. mIHC was used to assess the expression levels of GGT5 and memory CD8+ T cell markers. Our results established a positive correlation between GGT5 expression, the enrichment of memory CD8+ T cells, and a suboptimal response to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identifies GGT5, a hub gene in GSH metabolism, as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting the response to immunotherapy in GC patients. These findings offer new insights into strategies for optimizing immunotherapy of GC.

Utilizing ChatGPT as a scientific reasoning engine to differentiate conflicting evidence and summarize challenges in controversial clinical questions.

OBJECTIVE: Synthesizing and evaluating inconsistent medical evidence is essential in evidence-based medicine. This study aimed to employ ChatGPT as a sophisticated scientific reasoning engine to identify conflicting clinical evidence and summarize unresolved questions to inform further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated ChatGPT's effectiveness in identifying conflicting evidence and investigated its principles of logical reasoning. An automated framework was developed to generate a PubMed dataset focused on controversial clinical topics. ChatGPT analyzed this dataset to identify consensus and controversy, and to formulate unsolved research questions. Expert evaluations were conducted 1) on the consensus and controversy for factual consistency, comprehensiveness, and potential harm and, 2) on the research questions for relevance, innovation, clarity, and specificity. RESULTS: The gpt-4-1106-preview model achieved a 90% recall rate in detecting inconsistent claim pairs within a ternary assertions setup. Notably, without explicit reasoning prompts, ChatGPT provided sound reasoning for the assertions between claims and hypotheses, based on an analysis grounded in relevance, specificity, and certainty. ChatGPT's conclusions of consensus and controversies in clinical literature were comprehensive and factually consistent. The research questions proposed by ChatGPT received high expert ratings. DISCUSSION: Our experiment implies that, in evaluating the relationship between evidence and claims, ChatGPT considered more detailed information beyond a straightforward assessment of sentimental orientation. This ability to process intricate information and conduct scientific reasoning regarding sentiment is noteworthy, particularly as this pattern emerged without explicit guidance or directives in prompts, highlighting ChatGPT's inherent logical reasoning capabilities. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated ChatGPT's capacity to evaluate and interpret scientific claims. Such proficiency can be generalized to broader clinical research literature. ChatGPT effectively aids in facilitating clinical studies by proposing unresolved challenges based on analysis of existing studies. However, caution is advised as ChatGPT's outputs are inferences drawn from the input literature and could be harmful to clinical practice.

Inhibition of the ATR-DNAPKcs-RB axis drives G1/S-phase transition and sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to DNA holliday junctions.

Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) is a promising strategy in oncotherapy, as most tumor cells are sensitive to excess damage due to their repair defects. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and RAD3-related protein (ATR) is a damage response signal transduction sensor, and its therapeutic potential in tumor cells needs to be precisely investigated. Herein, we identified a new axis that could be targeted by ATR inhibitors to decrease the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNAPKcs), downregulate the expression of the retinoblastoma (RB), and drive G1/S-phase transition. Four-way DNA Holliday junctions (FJs) assembled in this process could trigger S-phase arrest and induce lethal chromosome damage in RB-positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Furthermore, these unrepaired junctions also exerted toxic effects to RB-deficient TNBC cells when the homologous recombination repair (HRR) was inhibited. This study proposes a precise strategy for treating TNBC by targeting the DDR and extends our understanding of ATR and HJ in tumor treatment.

Suppression of OsSAUR2 gene expression immobilizes soil arsenic bioavailability by modulating root exudation and rhizosphere microbial assembly in rice.

One of the factors influencing the behavior of arsenic (As) in environment is microbial-mediated As transformation. However, the detailed regulatory role of gene expression on the changes of root exudation, rhizosphere microorganisms, and soil As occurrence forms remains unclear. In this study, we evidence that loss-of-function of OsSAUR2 gene, a member of the SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA family in rice, results in significantly higher As uptake in roots but greatly lower As accumulation in grains via affecting the expression of OsLsi1, OsLsi2 in roots and OsABCC1 in stems. Further, the alteration of OsSAUR2 expression extensively affects the metabolomic of root exudation, and thereby leading to the variations in the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities in rice. The microbial community in the rhizosphere of Ossaur2 plants strongly immobilizes the occurrence forms of As in soil. Interestingly, Homovanillic acid (HA) and 3-Coumaric acid (CA), two differential metabolites screened from root exudation, can facilitate soil iron reduction, enhance As bioavailability, and stimulate As uptake and accumulation in rice. These findings add our further understanding in the relationship of OsSAUR2 expression with the release of root exudation and rhizosphere microbial assembly under As stress in rice, and provide potential rice genetic resources and root exudation in phytoremediation of As-contaminated paddy soil.

Lysosomal-targeted fluorescent probe based pH regulating reactivity for tracking cysteine dynamics under oxidative stress.

The ability to detect and visualize cellular events and associated biological analytes is essential for the understanding of their physiological and pathological functions. Cysteine (Cys) plays a crucial role in biological systems and lysosomal homeostasis. This puts forward higher requirements on the performance of the probe. Herein, we rationally designed a coumarin-based probe for the reversible, specific, sensitive, and rapid detection of Cys based on pH regulating reactivity. The obtained probe (ECMA) introduces a morpholine moiety to target lysosomes, and α,ß-unsaturated-ketone with an electron-withdrawing CN group served as a reversible reaction site for Cys. Importantly, ECMA was successfully applied to the real-time monitoring of Cys dynamics in living cells. Furthermore, cell imaging clearly revealed that exogenous Cys could induce the up-regulation of lysosomal ROS, which provided a powerful tool for investigating the relationship between oxidative stress and lysosomal Cys.

Incremental Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Strain in Patients With Suspected Myocarditis and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of left atrial (LA) strain and left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) have prognostic value in cardiovascular diseases. However, the prognostic value of LA strain and LACI in patients with suspected myocarditis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is unclear. PURPOSE: To investigate the prognostic value of LA strain and LACI in patients with suspected myocarditis and preserved LVEF in comparison with conventional MRI outcome predictors. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: One hundred sixty-five patients with clinically suspected myocarditis and preserved LVEF with available follow-up data. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Steady-state free precession cine and phase-sensitive inversion recovery segmented gradient echo late gadolinium enhancement sequences at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT: Left ventricular (LV) and LA strain were evaluated using feature tracking. LACI was calculated as the ratio of LA and LV volumes at LV end-diastole. Patients were followed-up with the primary endpoint being major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). STATISTICAL TESTS: Independent-samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare patients with and without MACE, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to define high/low risk groups, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression to assess prognosis. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The associations of LV strain parameters (including global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain) and LACI with MACE were not significant (P = 0.511, 0.108, 0.148, and 0.847, respectively). An optimal LA conduit strain (Ԑe) cutoff value of 10.4% was identified to best classify patients into low- and high-risk groups. Only Ԑe was significantly associated with MACE in both univariable (hazards ratio [HR] 0.936, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.884-0.991) and multivariable Cox survival analyses (HR 0.937, 95% CI 0.884-0.994). DATA CONCLUSION: LA conduit strain has prognostic value in patients with suspected myocarditis and preserved LVEF, incremental to conventional MRI outcome predictors, whereas LACI was not associated with MACE occurrence. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Uncovering specific taxonomic and functional alteration of gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease through 16S rRNA data.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is worldwide healthcare burden with growing incidence and death rate. Emerging evidence demonstrated the compositional and functional differences of gut microbiota in patients with CKD. As such, gut microbial features can be developed as diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic target for CKD. Methods: To eliminate the outcome bias arising from factors such as geographical distribution, sequencing platform, and data analysis techniques, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the microbial differences between patients with CKD and healthy individuals based on multiple samples worldwide. A total of 980 samples from six references across three nations were incorporated from the PubMed, Web of Science, and GMrepo databases. The obtained 16S rRNA microbiome data were subjected to DADA2 processing, QIIME2 and PICRUSt2 analyses. Results: The gut microbiota of patients with CKD differs significantly from that of healthy controls (HC), with a substantial decrease in the microbial diversity among the CKD group. Moreover, a significantly reduced abundance of bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) was detected in the CKD group through linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, which may be associated with the alleviating effects against CKD. Notably, we identified CKD-depleted F. prausnitzii demonstrated a significant negative correlation with three pathways based on predictive functional analysis, suggesting its potential role in regulating systemic acidbase disturbance and pro-oxidant metabolism. Discussion: Our findings demonstrated notable alterations of gut microbiota in CKD patients. Specific gut-beneficial microbiota, especially F. prausnitzii, may be developed as a preventive and therapeutic tool for CKD clinical management.

Corrigendum: Distinct characteristics and prognosis of IgA nephropathy patients with nephrotic syndrome: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1344219.].

Inhibitory Effects of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Foxtail Millet on Colorectal Cancer by the Restoration of Gut Microbiota.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor that occurs in the colon. Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Our previous studies showed that the soluble dietary fiber of foxtail millet (FMB-SDF) exhibited significant antitumor activity in vitro. The present study evaluated the anticancer potential of FMB-SDF in the azoxymethane (AOM)- and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse CRC models. The results showed that FMB-SDF could significantly alleviate colon cancer symptoms in mice. Further, we found that FMB-SDF consumption significantly altered gut microbiota diversity and the overall structure and regulated the abundance of some microorganisms in CRC mice. Meanwhile, KEGG pathway enrichment showed that FMB-SDF can also alleviate the occurrence of colon cancer in mice by regulating certain cancer-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, our findings may provide a novel approach for the prevention and biotherapy of CRC.

Characterization of the Mitogenome of the Genus Dendrocerus Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) with the Specific Designed Primers.

In Hymenoptera, the monophyly of Evaniomorpha has been the focus of debate among different scholars. In this study, we sequenced two mitochondrial genomes of Dendrocerus (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) to analyze the mitochondrial genomic features of Dendrocerus and provide new molecular data for phylogenetic studies of Evaniomorpha. The mitogenome sizes of D. bellus and D. anisodontus were 15,445 bp and 15,373 bp, respectively, with the trnG of D. bellus missing. The nucleotide composition was significantly biased toward adenine and thymine, with A + T contents of 81.2% (D. bellus) and 82.4% (D. anisodontus). Using Ceraphron sp. (Ceraphronidae) as reference, the Ka/Ks values of NAD4L and NAD6 in D. anisodontus were both greater than one, indicating that non-synonymous mutations are favored by Darwinian selection, which is rare in other hymenopteran species. Compared with Ceraphon sp. gene order, nine operations were identified in D. anisodontus, including four reversals, four TDRLs (tandem duplication random losses) and one transposition, or four reversals and five TDRLs. Phylogenetic analysis of 40 mitochondrial genomes showed that Evaniomorpha was not a monophyletic group, which was also supported by the PBD values. Ceraphronoidea is a monophyletic group and is a sister to Aulacidae + Gasteruptiidae. Based on the conserved region of the newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes, a pair of specific primers MegaF/MegaR was designed for sequencing the COX1 genes in Megaspilidae and a 60% rate of success was achieved in the genus Dendrocerus.

CircTRIM1 encodes TRIM1-269aa to promote chemoresistance and metastasis of TNBC via enhancing CaM-dependent MARCKS translocation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation.

Peptides and proteins encoded by noncanonical open reading frames (ORFs) of circRNAs have recently been recognized to play important roles in disease progression, but the biological functions and mechanisms of these peptides and proteins are largely unknown. Here, we identified a potential coding circular RNA, circTRIM1, that was upregulated in doxorubicin-resistant TNBC cells by intersecting transcriptome and translatome RNA-seq data, and its expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. CircTRIM1 possesses a functional IRES element along with an 810 nt ORF that can be translated into a novel endogenously expressed protein termed TRIM1-269aa. Functionally, we demonstrated that TRIM1-269aa, which is involved in the biological functions of circTRIM1, promoted chemoresistance and metastasis in TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that TRIM1-269aa can be packaged into exosomes and transmitted between TNBC cells. Mechanistically, TRIM1-269aa enhanced the interaction between MARCKS and calmodulin, thus promoting the calmodulin-dependent translocation of MARCKS, which further initiated the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, circTRIM1, which encodes TRIM1-269aa, promoted TNBC chemoresistance and metastasis by enhancing MARCKS translocation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation. Our investigation has yielded novel insights into the roles of protein-coding circRNAs and supported circTRIM1/TRIM1-269aa as a novel promising prognostic and therapeutic target for patients with TNBC.