GSK3: A potential target and pending issues for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), consisting of GSK3α and GSK3ß subtypes, is a complex protein kinase that regulates numerous substrates. Research has observed increased GSK3 expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and models. AD is a neurodegenerative disorder with diverse pathogenesis and notable cognitive impairments, characterized by Aß aggregation and excessive tau phosphorylation. This article provides an overview of GSK3's structure and regulation, extensively analyzing its relationship with AD factors. GSK3 overactivation disrupts neural growth, development, and function. It directly promotes tau phosphorylation, regulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, leading to Aß formation, and directly or indirectly triggers neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. We also summarize preclinical research highlighting the inhibition of GSK3 activity as a primary therapeutic approach for AD. Finally, pending issues like the lack of highly specific and affinity-driven GSK3 inhibitors, are raised and expected to be addressed in future research. In conclusion, GSK3 represents a target in AD treatment, filled with hope, challenges, opportunities, and obstacles.

Computational Modeling Interpretation Underlying Elevated Risk-Taking Propensity in the Dynamic Risky Investment Process of Non-Labor Income.

Introduction: Money source influences risk-taking behaviors. Although studies consistently indicated that individuals demonstrate a higher propensity to make risky investments when utilizing non-labor income as opposed to labor income, explanations as to why non-labor income leads to continuously blowing money into risky investments are scarce. Methods: The current study leverages a computational modeling approach to compare the differences in the dynamic risk investment process among individuals endowed with income from different sources (ie, non-labor income vs labor income) to understand the shaping force of higher risk-taking propensity in individuals with non-labor income. A total of 103 participants were recruited and completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) with an equal monetary endowment, either as a token for completion of survey questionnaires (representing labor income) or as a prize from a lucky draw game (representing non-labor income). Results: We found that individuals endowed with non-labor income made more risky investments in BART compared to those with labor income. With computational modeling, we further identified two key differences in the dynamic risk investment processes between individuals endowed with labor and those with non-labor income. Specifically, individuals endowed with non-labor income had a higher preset expectation for risk-taking and displayed desensitization towards losses during risk investments, in contrast to individuals with labor income. Discussion: This study contributed to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms of why individuals make more risk-taking behaviors with non-labor income, namely higher preset expectations of risk-taking and desensitization towards losses. Future research could validate these findings across diverse samples with varying backgrounds and adopt different manipulations of labor and non-labor income to enhance the external validity of our study.

Shared and unique alterations of large-scale network connectivity in drug-free adolescent-onset and adult-onset major depressive disorder.

Differences in clinical manifestations and biological underpinnings between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) onset during adolescence and adulthood have been posited in previous studies, implying an influential role of age of onset (AOO) in the clinical subtyping and therapeutic approaches to MDD. However, direct comparisons between the two cohorts and their age-matched controls have been lacking in extant investigations. In this investigation, 156 volunteers participated, comprising 46 adolescents with MDD (adolescent-onset group), 35 adults with MDD (adult-onset group), 19 healthy adolescents, and 56 healthy adults. Resting-state functional MRI scans were undergone by all participants. Large-scale network analyses were applied. Subsequently, a 2 × 2 ANOVA was employed to analyze the main effects of diagnosis, age, and their interaction effect on functional connectivity (FC). Furthermore, regression analysis was employed to scrutinize the association between anomalous FC and HAMD sub-scores. Increased FC in visual network (VN), limbic network (LN), VN-dorsal attention network (DAN), VN-LN, and LN-Default Mode (DMN) was found in both adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD; however, the increased FC in DAN and LN were only found in adult-onset MDD and the decreased FC in DAN was only found in adolescent-onset MDD. Additionally, the relationship between HAMD factor 1 anxiety somatization and altered FC of DAN, VN, and VN-DAN was moderated by AOO. In conclusion, shared and distinctive large-scale network alterations in adolescent-onset and adult-onset MDD patients were suggested by our findings, providing valuable contributions towards refining clinical subtyping and treatment approaches for MDD.

Farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib suppresses respiratory syncytial virus infection by blocking conformational change of fusion glycoprotein.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and the elderly. There are currently no approved RSV-specific therapeutic small molecules available. Using high-throughput antiviral screening, we identified an oral drug, the prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib, which showed potent inhibition of the RSV fusion process. Lonafarnib exhibited antiviral activity against both the RSV A and B genotypes and showed low cytotoxicity in HEp-2 and human primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Time-of-addition and pseudovirus assays demonstrated that lonafarnib inhibits RSV entry, but has farnesyltransferase-independent antiviral efficacy. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that lonafarnib binds to a triple-symmetric pocket within the central cavity of the RSV F metastable pre-fusion conformation. Mutants at the RSV F sites interacting with lonafarnib showed resistance to lonafarnib but remained fully sensitive to the neutralizing monoclonal antibody palivizumab. Furthermore, lonafarnib dose-dependently reduced the replication of RSV in BALB/c mice. Collectively, lonafarnib could be a potential fusion inhibitor for RSV infection.

Generation and Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Carrying An ASXL1 Mutation.

Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is an epigenetic modulator frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, generally associated with poor prognosis. Current models for ASXL1-mutated diseases are mainly based on the complete deletion of Asxl1 or overexpression of C-terminal truncations in mice models. However, these models cannot fully recapitulate the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide valuable disease models that allow us to understand disease-related molecular pathways and develop novel targeted therapies. Here, we generated iPSCs from a patient with myeloproliferative neoplasm carrying a heterozygous ASXL1 mutation. The iPSCs we generated exhibited the morphology of pluripotent cells, highly expressed pluripotent markers, excellent differentiation potency in vivo, and normal karyotype. Subsequently, iPSCs with or without ASXL1 mutation were induced to differentiate into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and we found that ASXL1 mutation led to myeloid-biased output and impaired erythroid differentiation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that terms related to embryonic development, myeloid differentiation, and immune- and neural-related processes were most enriched in the differentially expressed genes. Western blot demonstrated that the global level of H2AK119ub was significantly decreased when mutant ASXL1 was present. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing showed that most genes associated with stem cell maintenance were upregulated, whereas occupancies of H2AK119ub around these genes were significantly decreased. Thus, the iPSC model carrying ASXL1 mutation could serve as a potential tool to study the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies and to screen targeted therapy for patients.

Multiomic analysis of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo_AMs) are increasingly recognised as potential pathogenic factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While scRNAseq analysis has proven valuable in the transcriptome profiling of Mo_AMs, the integration analysis of multi-omics may provide additional dimensions of understanding of these cellular populations. METHODS: We performed multi-omics analysis on 116 scRNAseq, 119 bulkseq and five scATACseq lung tissue samples from IPF. We built a large-scale IPF scRNAseq atlas and conducted the Monocle 2/3 as well as the Cellchat to explore the developmental path and intercellular communication on Mo_AMs. We also reported the difference in metabolisms, tissue repair and phagocytosis between Mo_AMs and tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TRMs). To determine whether Mo_AMs affected pulmonary function, we projected clinical phenotypes (FVC%pred) from the bulkseq dataset onto the scRNAseq atlas. Finally, we used scATATCseq to uncover the upstream regulatory mechanisms and determine key drivers in Mo_AMs. RESULTS: We identified three Mo_AMs clusters and the trajectory analysis further validated the origin of these clusters. Moreover, via the Cellchat analysis, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was found to be involved in the molecular basis of reciprocal interactions between Mo_AMs and fibroblasts through the activation of the ERK pathway in Mo_AMs. SPP1_RecMacs (RecMacs, recruited macrophages) were higher in the low-FVC group than in the high-FVC group. Specifically, compared with TRMs, the functions of lipid and energetic metabolism as well as tissue repair were higher in Mo_AMs than TRMs. But, TRMs may have higher level of phagocytosis than TRMs. SPIB (PU.1), JUNB, JUND, BACH2, FOSL2, and SMARCC1 showed stronger association with open chromatin of Mo_AMs than TRMs. Significant upregulated expression and deep chromatin accessibility of APOE were observed in both SPP1_RecMacs and TRMs. CONCLUSION: Through trajectory analysis, it was confirmed that SPP1_RecMacs derived from Monocytes. Besides, Mo_AMs may influence FVC% pred and aggravate pulmonary fibrosis through the communication with fibroblasts. Furthermore, distinctive transcriptional regulators between Mo_AMs and TRMs implied that they may depend on different upstream regulatory mechanisms. Overall, this work provides a global overview of how Mo_AMs govern IPF and also helps determine better approaches and intervention therapies.

Exposure image correction of electrical equipment nameplate based on the LMPEC algorithm.

An optimization algorithm based on the LMPEC algorithm is proposed to rectify the nameplate image to address the problem that overexposure and underexposure of the nameplate image of electrical equipment will make subsequent nameplate recognition difficult. In the network structure, the PS-UNet++ network is based on the sub-pixel convolution upsampling module, and the UNet++ network is constructed as the feature extraction sub-network of the optimization algorithm to extract more detailed information from the model. Smooth L1 loss is substituted for L1 loss in the loss function to prevent model oscillation. In addition, to increase the robustness of the model, an improved method built on the multi-scale training method is applied. The experimental results indicate that, among all comparison algorithms, the optimized algorithm performs the best on the data set of electrical equipment nameplate exposure the experimenter generated. Compared to the original LMPEC algorithm, the SSIM, PSNR, and PI image evaluation indices are enhanced by 5.6%, 5.1%, and 7.96%, respectively.

Mechanical Neural Networks with Explicit and Robust Neurons.

Mechanical computing provides an information processing method to realize sensing-analyzing-actuation integrated mechanical intelligence and, when combined with neural networks, can be more efficient for data-rich cognitive tasks. The requirement of solving implicit and usually nonlinear equilibrium equations of motion in training mechanical neural networks makes computation challenging and costly. Here, an explicit mechanical neuron is developed of which the response can be directly determined without the need of solving equilibrium equations. A training method is proposed to ensure the robustness of the neuron, i.e., insensitivity to defects and perturbations. The explicitness and robustness of the neurons facilitate the assembly of various network structures. Two exemplified networks, a robust mechanical convolutional neural network and a mechanical recurrent neural network with long short-term memory capabilities for associative learning, are experimentally demonstrated. The introduction of the explicit and robust mechanical neuron streamlines the design of mechanical neural networks fulfilling robotic matter with a level of intelligence.

Sex-Dimorphic Kidney-Brain Connectivity Map of Mice.

The kidneys are essential organs that help maintain homeostasis, and their function is regulated by the neural system. Despite the anatomical multi-synaptic connection between the central autonomic nuclei and the kidneys, it remains unclear whether there are any variations in neural connections between the nervous systems and the renal cortex and medulla in male and female mice. Here, we used the pseudorabies virus to map the central innervation network of the renal cortex and medulla in both sexes. The data revealed that specific brain regions displayed either a contralateral-bias or ipsilateral-bias pattern while kidney-innervating neurons distributed symmetrically in the midbrain and hindbrain. Sex differences were observed in the distribution of neurons connected to the left kidney, as well as those connected to the renal cortex and medulla. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the brain-kidney network in both males and females and may help shed light on gender differences in kidney function and disease susceptibility in humans.

Long Non-Coding RNA PCAT19 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Angiogenesis in Coronary Artery Disease through Interaction with GCNT2.

LncRNAs involvement in heart disease, however, the effect of lncRNA prostate cancer-associated transcript 19 (PCAT19) in coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. In the current study, we aimed to verify the role of PCAT19 in CAD. We first investigated the differentially expressed lncRNAs in different Genes Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We then detected lncRNAs expression in healthy volunteers and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients by qRT­PCR. The correlation of PCAT19 and Glucosaminyl (N-Acetyl) Transferase 2 (GCNT2) was analyzed. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) was used to conduct cell hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury model to imitate AMI injury. CCK8, BrdU, tube formation assay were used to detect cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Immunofluorescence, western blotting were used to detect ki67, VEGFA, PCNA, CD31, and GCNT2 expression, respectively. We obtained six different lncRNAs from GEO database and identified PCAT19 high expression in AMI patients. PCAT19 was positive correlation to GCNT2. Further experiments presented that PCAT19 knockdown promoted cell viability, proliferation and angiogenesis, GCNT2 knockdown also promoted cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenesis. These results confirmed by the inhibition of Ki67 and VEGFA. Importantly, PCAT19 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation and angiogenesis, these results also confirmed by the inhibition of PCNA and CD31. However, the inhibitory effect of PCAT19 overexpression was reversed by GCNT2 knockdown. Our study indicated that PCAT19 plays an important role in the CAD disease, its effects was related to GCNT2. Our research provides a novel sight for the effect of PCAT19 on CAD.

Can a shift in dominant species of Microcystis alter growth and reproduction of waterfleas?

The bloom-forming species Microcystis wesenbergii and M. aeruginosa occur in many lakes globally, and may exhibit alternating blooms both spatially and temporally. As environmental changes increase, cyanobacteria bloom in more and more lakes and are often dominated by M. wesenbergii. The adverse impact of M. aeruginosa on co-existing organisms including zooplanktonic species has been well-studied, whereas studies of M. wesenbergii are limited. To compare effects of these two species on zooplankton, we explored effects of exudates from different strains of microcystin-producing M. aeruginosa (Ma905 and Ma526) and non-microcystin-producing M. wesenbergii (Mw908 and Mw929), on reproduction by the model zooplankter Daphnia magna in both chronic and acute exposure experiments. Specifically, we tested physiological, biochemical, molecular and transcriptomic characteristics of D. magna exposed to Microcystis exudates. We observed that body length and egg and offspring number of the daphnid increased in all treatments. Among the four strains tested, Ma526 enhanced the size of the first brood, as well as total egg and offspring number. Microcystis exudates stimulated expression of specific genes that induced ecdysone, juvenile hormone, triacylglycerol and vitellogenin biosynthesis, which, in turn, enhanced egg and offspring production of D. magna. Even though all strains of Microcystis affected growth and reproduction, large numbers of downregulated genes involving many essential pathways indicated that the Ma905 strain might contemporaneously induce damage in D. magna. Our study highlights the necessity of including M. wesenbergii into the ecological risk evaluation of cyanobacteria blooms, and emphasizes that consequences to zooplankton may not be clear-cut when assessments are based upon production of microcystins alone.

Miniaturized high signal-to-noise ratio optical air data system using a compact multi-axis parallel transceiver for airborne application.

We have developed a miniaturized multi-channel parallel optical air data system with high signal-to-noise ratio for airborne application. In the system, we designed a fiber amplifier with multi-channel high-energy output that was respectively used as the transmitting signals and a compact multi-axis transceiver with an entrance pupil diameter of 70 mm that was used to receive multi-channel signals simultaneously. We demonstrated the performance of our system both on ground and on board. On ground, the measured line-of-sight speed had an average error of 0.02 m/s and a standard deviation of 0.15 m/s. On board, the standard deviation between the true air speed, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip measured by our system and a commercial Swiss air data system was 1 kt, 0.68°, and 0.54°, respectively, and those standard deviation between our system and a system with the same design but employing multiple single-axis telescopes with entrance pupil diameter of 30 mm was 0.34 kt, 0.36°, and 0.28°, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio of our system was 4.5 times higher than that of the system with small single-axis telescopes. Our system is very promising for airborne applications because of its small volume, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high data rate.

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for postpartum hypogalactia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum hypogalactia (PH) is prominent during lactation and may negatively impact the mother's or infant's health. Acupuncture is widely used to increase maternal breast milk production. However, the effects of acupuncture on PH remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in individuals with PH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles on potentially eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for PH published from database inception to October 2023 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, EBSCO, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WanFang, and VIP databases. Two reviewers independently screened the records, extracted essential information, and evaluated the methodological quality of the RCTs using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool. The primary outcome was a change in serum prolactin (PRL) levels before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included milk secretion volume (MSV), total effective rate (TER), mammary fullness degree (MFD), and exclusive breastfeeding rate (EBR). Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan v5.4. Finally, the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool. RESULTS: This study included 19 RCTs involving 2,400 participants. The included studies were classified as having an unclear to high RoB. Our findings indicated that, overall, acupuncture showed a significant effect in increasing serum PRL levels (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 1.68), MSV (SMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 2.86), TER (relative risk [RR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42), and EBR (RR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.78) compared to that in the control group; however, no difference in MFD (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI: -0.09, 2.42) was observed. In the subgroup analysis, acupuncture combined with Chinese herbs or conventional treatment was significantly more effective in increasing serum PRL levels, MSV, and TER than did Chinese herbs or conventional treatment alone. Moreover, acupuncture alone resulted in significantly higher serum PRL levels compared to Chinese herbs; however, this benefit was not observed for TER and MFD. The quality of evidence was critically low. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture may effectively increase milk secretion in women with PH. However, owing to the low quality of evidence, further rigorously designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

CLEC7A regulates M2 macrophages to suppress the immune microenvironment and implies poorer prognosis of glioma.

Background: Gliomas constitute a category of malignant tumors originating from brain tissue, representing the majority of intracranial malignancies. Previous research has demonstrated the pivotal role of CLEC7A in the progression of various cancers, yet its specific implications within gliomas remain elusive. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance and immune therapeutic potential of CLEC7A in gliomas through the integration of bioinformatics and clinical pathological analyses. Methods: This investigation involved examining and validating the relationship between CLEC7A and glioma using samples from Hospital, along with data from TCGA, GEO, GTEx, and CGGA datasets. Subsequently, we explored its prognostic value, biological functions, expression location, and impact on immune cells within gliomas. Finally, we investigated its potential impact on the chemotaxis and polarization of macrophages. Results: The expression of CLEC7A is upregulated in gliomas, and its levels escalate with the malignancy of tumors, establishing it as an independent prognostic factor. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant correlation between CLEC7A and immune function. Subsequent examination of immune cell differential expression demonstrated a robust association between CLEC7A and M2 macrophages. This conclusion was further substantiated through single-cell analysis, immunofluorescence, and correlation studies. Finally, the knockout of CLEC7A in M2 macrophages resulted in a noteworthy reduction in macrophage chemotaxis and polarization factors. Conclusion: CLEC7A expression is intricately linked to the pathology and molecular characteristics of gliomas, establishing its role as an independent prognostic factor for gliomas and influencing macrophage function. It could be a promising target for immunotherapy in gliomas.

Disrupted default mode network connectivity in bipolar disorder: a resting-state fMRI study.

BACKGROUND: Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates the critical role of the default mode network (DMN) in the pathophysiology of the bipolar disorder (BD). This study aims to identify the specific brain regions of the DMN that is impaired in patients with BD. METHODS: A total of 56 patients with BD and 71 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Three commonly used functional indices, i.e., fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC), were utilized to identify the brain region showing abnormal spontaneous brain activity in patients with BD. Then, this region served as the seed region for resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis. RESULTS: Compared to the HC group, the BD group showed reduced fALFF, ReHo, and DC values in the left precuneus. Moreover, patients exhibited decreased rsFCs within the left precuneus and between the left precuneus and the medial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, there was diminished negative connectivity between the left precuneus and the left putamen, extending to the left insula (putamen/insula). The abnormalities in DMN functional connectivity were confirmed through various analysis strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide convergent evidence for the abnormalities in the DMN, particularly located in the left precuneus. Decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and the reduced anticorrelation between the DMN and the salience network are found in patients with BD. These findings suggest that the DMN is a key aspect for understanding the neural basis of BD, and the altered functional patterns of DMN may be a potential candidate biomarker for diagnosis of BD.

Seasonal variation in urinary PAH metabolite levels and associations with neonatal birth outcomes.

Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can affect maternal and infant health. However, the conclusions regarding the effects of seasonal PAH exposure on maternal and infant health have been inconsistent. To further elucidate this issue, this study included data from 2282 mother-infant pairs in the Zuni birth cohort. The objective was to investigate the association between maternal late-pregnancy urinary PAH metabolite concentrations and neonatal birth outcomes during the heating and non-heating seasons. The results demonstrated that PAH exposure in Zunyi was primarily dominated by 2-OHNAP and 1-OHNAP and that the concentrations of PAH metabolites were significantly higher during the heating season. Furthermore, PAH metabolite exposure was found to affect neonatal birth weight, birth length, and parity index with seasonal differences. Further dose-effect analyses revealed nonlinear relationships and seasonal differences between PAH metabolites and neonatal birth weight, birth length, and parity index. Bayesian kernel mechanism regression modeling demonstrated that the inverted U-shaped relationship between PAH metabolites and neonatal birth weight and parity index was exclusive to the heating season. Consequently, it can be posited that maternal exposure to PAH metabolites during late pregnancy exerts a detrimental influence on neonatal growth and development, which is further compounded by the use of heating fuels. This highlights the necessity to either control or alter the use of heating fuels during pregnancy.

A new artificial intelligence system for both stomach and small bowel capsule endoscopy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) in small bowel (SB) capsule endoscopy (CE) image reading, information on its application in the stomach and SB CE is lacking. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective diagnostic study, gastric imaging data were added to the deep learning (DL)-based SmartScan (SS), which has been described previously. A total of 1,069 magnetically controlled gastrointestinal (GI) CE examinations (comprising 2,672,542 gastric images) were used in the training phase for recognizing gastric pathologies, producing a new AI algorithm named SS Plus. 342 fully automated, magnetically controlled CE (FAMCE) examinations were included in the validation phase. The performance of both senior and junior endoscopists with both the SS Plus-Assisted Reading (SSP-AR) and conventional reading (CR) modes was assessed. RESULTS: SS Plus was designed to recognize 5 types of gastric lesions and 17 types of SB lesions. SS Plus reduced the number of CE images required for review to 873.90 (1000) (median, IQR 814.50-1,000) versus 44,322.73 (42,393) (median, IQR 31,722.75-54,971.25) for CR. Furthermore, with SSP-AR, endoscopists took 9.54 min (8.51) (median, IQR 6.05-13.13) to complete the CE video reading. In the 342 CE videos, SS Plus identified 411 gastric and 422 SB lesions, whereas 400 gastric and 368 intestinal lesions were detected with CR. Moreover, junior endoscopists remarkably improved their CE image reading ability with SSP-AR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the newly upgraded DL-based algorithm SS Plus can detect GI lesions and help improve the diagnostic performance of junior endoscopists in interpreting CE videos.

[Retracted] STK39, overexpressed in osteosarcoma, regulates osteosarcoma cell invasion and proliferation.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6728.].

Comparative efficacy of modified Noel's technique and matrix phenolization on onychocryptosis: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Onychocryptosis is a common pathological condition requiring clinical intervention. Selecting an appropriate and effective treatment based on individual patient circumstances is crucial. METHODS: We compared the efficacy and safety of the modified Noel's technique and matrix phenolization in 107 participants with onychocryptosis. Participants were divided into two groups: 75 nails (73 patients) were treated with the modified Noel's technique (modified Noel's group), while 42 nails (34 patients) were treated with matrix phenolization (Phenol group). Outcomes on clinical cure rates and postoperative complications from both groups were collected. Additionally, the efficacy of the modified Noel's technique was assessed in 31 nails with stage IV onychocryptosis. RESULTS: After 18 months, among the remaining 102 patients (110 nails), the modified Noel's group exhibited fewer complications (5.88% vs. 45.2%, P < 0.001) with similar cure rates (P = 0.62). Furthermore, there was a shorter healing time in the modified Noel's group (13.5 ± 1.4 vs. 27.6 ± 2.3 days, P < 0.001). Postoperative pain was notable in the modified Noel's group on the first postoperative day (P < 0.001), with a significant decrease in the pain score 2 weeks after surgery (P = 0.407). Postoperative nail plate narrowing was observed in the Phenol group (33%). Moreover, the modified Noel's technique achieved a 100% cure rate in stage IV patients. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Noel's technique, offering precise excision of the proliferative nail fold and strategic suturing, is suitable for stage IV patients and for those who find significant aesthetic impact unacceptable following narrowed plate postmatrix phenolization.

A self-supervised spatio-temporal attention network for video-based 3D infant pose estimation.

General movement and pose assessment of infants is crucial for the early detection of cerebral palsy (CP). Nevertheless, most human pose estimation methods, in 2D or 3D, focus on adults due to the lack of large datasets and pose annotations on infants. To solve these problems, here we present a model known as YOLO-infantPose, which has been fine-tuned, for infant pose estimation in 2D. We further propose a self-supervised model called STAPose3D for 3D infant pose estimation based on videos. We employ multi-view video data during the training process as a strategy to address the challenge posed by the absence of 3D pose annotations. STAPose3D combines temporal convolution, temporal attention, and graph attention to jointly learn spatio-temporal features of infant pose. Our methods are summarized into two stages: applying YOLO-infantPose on input videos, followed by lifting these 2D poses along with respective confidences for every joint to 3D. The employment of the best-performing 2D detector in the first stage significantly improves the precision of 3D pose estimation. We reveal that fine-tuned YOLO-infantPose outperforms other models tested on our clinical dataset as well as two public datasets MINI-RGBD and YouTube-Infant dataset. Results from our infant movement video dataset demonstrate that STAPose3D effectively comprehends the spatio-temporal features among different views and significantly improves the performance of 3D infant pose estimation in videos. Finally, we explore the clinical application of our method for general movement assessment (GMA) in a clinical dataset annotated as normal writhing movements or abnormal monotonic movements according to the GMA standards. We show that the 3D pose estimation results produced by our STAPose3D model significantly boost the GMA prediction performance than 2D pose estimation. Our code is available at github.com/wwYinYin/STAPose3D.