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Introducción: El cateterismo urinario es un procedimiento frecuente y en ocasiones es utilizado por fuera de las indicaciones aceptadas para el mismo. Esto aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones vinculadas a su uso, por lo que pueden ser prevenibles. El objetivo del estudio es conocer las características del uso de cateterismo urinario en pacientes ingresados en salas de cuidados moderados de un hospital universitario del tercer nivel de atención, determinar la frecuencia, duración e indicaciones más frecuentes, así como evaluar la presencia de complicaciones asociadas al mismo Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal, realizado en salas de cuidados moderados de un hospital terciario y universitario de Montevideo, Uruguay, el 21 de diciembre de 2022. Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados que presentaban o presentaron catéter vesical en la presente internación y se completó la recolección de variables mediante la revisión de la historia clínica. Resultados: De 155 pacientes ingresados en salas de cuidados moderados, a 26 (16,7%) les fue colocado un catéter urinario. La mediana de edad fue 61 años, 80% eran de sexo masculino. La mediana de internación fue de 22 días. En todos los pacientes se utilizó sonda vesical y el 54% fue colocado en el Departamento de Emergencia. En el 46% de los pacientes no se encontró indicación escrita de colocación en la historia clínica. En 50% de los casos no está especificado el motivo de indicación de sonda vesical, mientras que las indicaciones identificadas más frecuentes fueron el control de diuresis (27%) y la desobstrucción de vía urinaria baja (23%). La duración de cateterismo fue de una mediana de 13,5 días, mientras que el 27% de los pacientes la usaron más de 30 días. 35% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones vinculadas a la sonda vesical, en su mayoría no infecciosas (27%) y 15% presentaron infección urinaria. Estos pacientes tuvieron una duración de cateterismo mayor a los que no presentaron complicaciones (23 vs 10 días, p=0,411). Conclusiones: El catéter vesical fue utilizado en un porcentaje no despreciable de pacientes ingresados en salas de cuidados moderados, de forma prolongada y frecuentemente sin indicación precisa, lo cual expone a un riesgo aumentado de complicaciones vinculadas.
Introduction: Urinary catheterization is a frequent procedure and is sometimes used outside of its accepted indications. This increases the risk of complications related to its use, so they may be preventable. The objective of this study is to know the characteristics of the use of urinary catheterization in patients admitted to moderate care wards of a tertiary care university hospital, to determine the frequency, duration and most frequent indications, as well as to evaluate the presence of associated complications. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, carried out in moderate care wards of a tertiary care and university hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, on December 21, 2022. Hospitalized patients who present or presented a bladder catheter during the present hospitalization were included, and the collection of variables was completed by reviewing the medical history. Results: Of 155 patients admitted to moderate care wards, 26 (16.7%) had a urinary catheter placed. The median age was 61 years, 80% were male. The median hospitalization was 22 days. In all patients a bladder catheter was used and 54% were placed in the Emergency Department. In 46% of the patients, no written indication for placement was found in the clinical history. In 50% of cases, the reason for indicating the bladder catheter is not specified, while the most frequent indications identified were diuresis control (27%) and lower urinary tract obstruction (23%). The duration of catheterization was a median of 13.5 days, while 27% of the patients used it for more than 30 days. 35% of the patients presented complications related to the bladder catheter, mostly non-infectious (27%) and 15% presented urinary tract infection. These patients had a longer duration of catheterization than those without complications (23 vs 10 days, p=0,411). Conclusions: The bladder catheter was used in a non-negligible percentage of patients admitted to moderate care wards, for a long time and often without a precise indication, which exposes them to an increased risk of related complications.
Introdução: O cateterismo urinário é um procedimento frequente e às vezes é usado fora de suas indicações aceitas. Isso aumenta o risco de complicações relacionadas ao seu uso, portanto, podem ser evitáveis. O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as características do uso do cateterismo urinário em pacientes internados em enfermarias de cuidados moderados de um hospital universitário terciário, determinar a frequência, duração e indicações mais frequentes, bem como avaliar a presença de complicações associadas ao mesmo. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, realizado em quartos de cuidados moderados de um hospital terciário e universitário em Montevidéu, Uruguai, em 21 de dezembro de 2022. Foram incluídos pacientes que apresentaram ou apresentaram sonda vesical durante a internação atual e a coleta de variáveis ââfoi concluída .revisando o histórico médico. Resultados: Dos 155 pacientes admitidos em enfermarias de cuidados moderados, 26 (16,7%) tiveram um cateter urinário colocado. A idade média foi de 61 anos, 80% eram do sexo masculino. A mediana de internação foi de 22 dias. Em todos os doentes foi utilizada sonda vesical e 54% foram internados no Serviço de Urgência. Em 46% dos pacientes, nenhuma indicação escrita para colocação foi encontrada na história clínica. Em 50% dos casos não é especificado o motivo da indicação da sonda vesical, enquanto as indicações mais frequentes identificadas foram controle da diurese (27%) e desobstrução do trato urinário inferior (23%). A duração do cateterismo foi em média de 13,5 dias, enquanto 27% dos pacientes o utilizaram por mais de 30 dias. 35% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações relacionadas ao cateter vesical, em sua maioria não infecciosas (27%) e 15% apresentaram infecção urinária. Esses pacientes tiveram uma duração mais longa de cateterismo do que aqueles sem complicações (23 vs 10 dias, p=0,411). Conclusões: A sonda vesical foi utilizada em percentual não desprezível de pacientes internados em quartos de cuidados moderados, por tempo prolongado e muitas vezes sem indicação precisa, o que os expõe a um risco aumentado de complicações associadas.
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Introducción. La infección asociada a catéter venoso central (CVC) es la principal complicación que presentan los pacientes en hemodiálisis en los que se usa este tipo de acceso. Objetivo. Estimar la incidencia de bacteriemia asociada a CVC no tunelizado, analizar la frecuencia de agentes causales y explorar factores de riesgo asociados en niños en hemodiálisis. Población y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo realizado en niños en hemodiálisis por CVC no tunelizado entre el 1 junio de 2015 y el 30 de junio de 2019. Para evaluar factores de riesgo predictores de bacteriemia asociada a CVC, se realizó regresión logística. Los factores de riesgo independiente se expresaron con odds ratio con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p <0,05. Resultados. En este estudio se incluyeron 121 CVC no tunelizados. La incidencia de bacteriemia fue de 3,15 por 1000 días de catéter. El microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia fue Staphylococcus epidermidis (16 casos, 51,5 %). La infección previa del catéter fue el único factor de riesgo independiente encontrado para el desarrollo de bacteriemia asociada a CVC no tunelizado (OR: 2,84; IC95%: 1,017,96; p = 0,04). Conclusiones. El uso prolongado de los CVC no tunelizados para hemodiálisis crónica se asoció con una incidencia baja de bacteriemia. Los gérmenes grampositivos predominaron como agentes causales. La presencia de infección previa del CVC aumentó en casi 3 veces el riesgo de bacteriemia asociada a CVC en nuestra población pediátrica en hemodiálisis.
Introduction. Central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection is the main complication observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis with this type of venous access. Objective. To estimate the incidence of non-tunneled CVC-related bacteremia, analyze the frequency ofcausative agents, and explore associated risk factors in children undergoing hemodialysis. Population and methods. Retrospective study in children receiving hemodialysis via a non-tunneled CVC between June 1 st, 2015 and June 30 th, 2019. A logistic regression was carried out to assess risk factors that were predictors of CVC-related bacteremia. Independent risk factors were described as odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 121 non-tunneled CVCs were included in this study. The incidence of bacteremia was 3.15 per 1000 catheter-days. The most commonly isolated microorganism was Staphylococcus epidermidis(16 cases, 51.5%). Prior catheter infection was the only independent risk factor for the development of bacteremia associated with non-tunneled CVC (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.017.96, p = 0.04). Conclusions. Prolonged use of non-tunneled CVCs for chronic hemodialysis was associated with a low incidence of bacteremia. Gram-positive microorganisms prevailed among causative agents. A prior CVC infection almost trebled the risk for CVC-related bacteremia in our pediatric population receiving hemodialysis.
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Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Bacteremia/etiology , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Catheter-Related Infections/etiology , Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology , Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción. Los datos de frecuencia de los adenovirus entéricos, sapovirus y astrovirus en casos de gastroenteritis aguda esporádica en Argentina son escasos. Métodos. Diseño descriptivo sobre una selección de muestras de heces de menores de 5 años con diarrea remitidas durante el período 2010-2021, con resultado previo negativo para rotavirus y norovirus. Se estudió la presencia de adenovirus entéricos, sapovirus y astrovirus por métodos moleculares, con posterior genotipificación de las muestras positivas. Resultados. De 574 muestras seleccionadas, en 226 (39,4 %) se identificó al menos uno de los virus estudiados. En particular, se detectaron adenovirus, sapovirus y astrovirus en el 30,7 %, el 5,6 % y el 3,1 %, respectivamente. El adenovirus 41, los sapovirus GI.1 y GI.2, y el astrovirus 1 fueron los más frecuentemente detectados. Se identificaron dos muestras con astrovirus no clásicos. Conclusiones. A pesar de ser menos frecuentes, estos enteropatógenos son responsables de un número considerable de episodios de diarrea esporádica. Por lo tanto, su estudio y vigilancia contribuye significativamente a reducir la brecha de casos no diagnosticados.
Introduction. Data on the frequency of enteric adenoviruses, sapoviruses, and astroviruses in cases of sporadic acute gastroenteritis in Argentina are scarce. Methods. Descriptive design of a selection of fecal samples of children with diarrhea younger than 5 years referred between 2010 and 2021, with a previous negative result for rotavirus and norovirus. The presence of enteric adenovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus was tested by molecular methods, with subsequent genotyping of positive samples. Results. At least 1 of the tested viruses was detected in 226 (39.4%) of the 574 selected samples. Specifically, adenovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus were detected in 30.7%, 5.6%, and 3.1% of the samples, respectively. The most frequent viruses detected were adenovirus 41, sapoviruses GI.1 and GI.2, and astrovirus 1. Non-classic astroviruses were detected in 2 samples. Conclusions. Despite being less frequent, these enteropathogens are responsible for a large number of sporadic diarrhea events. Therefore, their study and surveillance contribute significantly to reduce the gap of undiagnosed cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Diarrhea/virology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/virology , Argentina/epidemiology , Astroviridae/isolation & purification , Astroviridae/genetics , Sapovirus/isolation & purification , Sapovirus/genetics , Feces/virology , GenotypeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Kidney transplantation (KT) should be postponed in those people with active bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic processes, since these must be treated and resolved previously. The objective of this study is to present the screening circuit implemented by the Nephrology clinic and describe the prevalence of tropical and imported infections in KT candidates born or coming from endemic areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, serological data of general infections and specific tests of tropical infectious diseases were collected. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out. RESULTS: 67 TR candidates from Latin America (32.8%), North Africa (22.4%), Sub-Saharan Africa (14.9%) and Asia (29.9%) were included. 68.7% were men and the mean age was 48.9⯱â¯13.5 years. After the general and specific studies, 42 (62.7%) patients were referred to the Infectious Diseases Service to complete this study or indicate treatment. 35.8% of the patients had eosinophilia, and in one case parasites were detected in feces at the time of the study. Serology for strongyloidiasis was positive in 18 (26.9%) cases, while positive serology for other tropical infections was hardly detected. 34.3% of patients had latent tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of tropical and imported infections in migrant candidates for RT was low, except for strongyloidiasis and latent tuberculosis infection. Its detection and treatment are essential to avoid serious complications in post-TR. To this end, the implementation of an interdisciplinary screening program from the KT access consultation is feasible, necessary and useful.
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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to present real-life data on the use, efficacy, and safety of administering antibiotic therapy through portable elastomeric pumps (pEP) in the outpatient setting. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2023 in a large academic hospital in Rome, Italy. All patients receiving antibiotic therapy via pEP were included up to a follow-up period of 90 days after the end of antibiotic therapy. The primary outcome was the treatment response. Secondary endpoints were adverse events attributable to the drug administered, the vascular catheter, or the infection itself. RESULTS: Of the 490 patients referred to our outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) unit, 94 (19.2%) received antibiotic therapy via pEP and were included in the final analysis. The most frequently treated infections were those involving bone and prosthetics, including spondylodiscitis (n=27; 28.8%). Most infections were due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=55; 48.3%). Cefepime (n=32; 34.0%), piperacillin/tazobactam (n=29; 30.9%), ceftolozane/tazobactam (n=7; 7.5%), and oxacillin (n=7; 7.5%) were the most frequently administered antibiotics. The infection cure rate reached 88.3% (n=83). 12 patients (12.8%) reported adverse events, of which half (6.4%) were drug-related and half (6.4%) were line-related. CONCLUSIONS: OPAT through portable elastomeric infusion pumps proved to be safe and effective. It also contributed to the reduction of healthcare costs, fully respecting the principles of personalized medicine. This strategy has emerged as a promising tool for antibiotic stewardship and infection control.
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BACKGROUND: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most epidemiologically relevant health care-associated infections. The aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT) is a standardized practice used to prevent CLABSIs. In a pediatric hospital, the overall CLABSI rate was 1.92/1000 catheter days (CD). However, in one unit, the rate was 5.7/1000 CD. METHODS: Nurses were trained in ANTT. For the implementation, plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were completed. Adherence monitoring of the ANTT and epidemiological surveillance were performed. RESULTS: ANTT adherence of 95% was achieved after 6 PDSA cycles. Hand hygiene and general cleaning reached 100% adherence. Port disinfection and material collection had the lowest adherence rates, with 76.2% and 84.7%, respectively. The CLABSI rate decreased from 5.7 to 1.26/1000 CD. CONCLUSION: The implementation of ANTT helped reduce the CLABSI rate. Training and continuous monitoring are key to maintaining ANTT adherence.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones relacionadas con catéteres venosos centrales son unas de las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud con mayor relevancia epidemiológica. La técnica aséptica «no tocar¼ es una práctica estandarizada que se utiliza para prevenir estas infecciones. En un hospital pediátrico, la tasa de infecciones relacionadas con catéteres venosos centrales fue de 1.92/1000 días de catéter. Sin embargo, en una de las unidades la tasa fue de 5.7/1000 días de catéter. MÉTODO: Se capacitaron enfermeras en la técnica aséptica «no tocar¼. Para la implementación se cumplieron ciclos de planificar-hacer-estudiar-actuar (PHEA). Se realizaron seguimiento de la adherencia a la técnica y vigilancia epidemiológica. RESULTADOS: Se logró una adherencia a la técnica aséptica «no tocar¼ del 95% después de seis ciclos. La higiene de manos y la limpieza general alcanzaron un 100% de cumplimiento. La desinfección de los puertos y la recolección de material alcanzaron la menor adherencia, con un 76.2% y un 84.7%, respectivamente. La tasa de infecciones relacionadas con catéteres venosos centrales disminuyó de 5.7 a 1.26 por 1000 días de catéter. CONCLUSIONES: La implementación de la técnica aséptica «no tocar¼ ayudó en la reducción de infecciones relacionadas con catéteres venosos centrales. La capacitación y el seguimiento continuo son clave para mantener el cumplimiento de la técnica.
Subject(s)
Catheter-Related Infections , Catheterization, Central Venous , Cross Infection , Guideline Adherence , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Catheter-Related Infections/prevention & control , Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Hand Hygiene/standards , Hand Hygiene/methods , Child , Asepsis/methods , Disinfection/methodsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an effective and safe preventive measure. However, it has not reached all target users who could benefit from it. The study aimed to understand the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral baseline characteristics of PrEP users. As a secondary objective, the use of concomitant medication and drug consumption were described. METHODOLOGY: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study of the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics of the users who were included in the PrEP program of the Community of Madrid during the first two years of experience. RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred fifty-six PrEP users were included, 99.0% men, with a mean age of 36.9 years (SD 8.68). 33.1% presented a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on the first visit, highlighting chlamydiasis and rectal gonococci. 70.4% reported using drugs associated with sex, and 42.4% participated in chemsex sessions in the last 3 months. A high percentage of users with concomitant medication was observed (37.6%), highlighting drugs related to mental health and alopecia. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary approach is required to cover all the needs of PrEP users, including mental health evaluation measures and addiction treatment with the clinical approach.
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Monitoring national capacity of pediatric intensive care (PICU) beds is important for resource allocation. We describe the development and application of an online tool for bed occupancy monitoring during the respiratory epidemic of 2023 in Uruguay. A 5-minute survey was sent out daily to each PICU designated staff utilizing an instant messaging application, throughout the 12-week of 2023 winter season. The survey gathered information on staffed bed capacity, occupancy rates, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) demand and number of children admitted for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Data was manually entered using the REDcap Software platform. A comparison between PICUs from the capital city Montevideo (MVD) and the inland region (INN) was performed. Participating PICUs had access to a daily dashboard with nationwide data. We collected data from 100% (n=20) of Uruguayan PICUs, 68% in MVD (2.72 PICU beds per-10,000 <18 years) and 32% in the INN (0.86 PICU beds per-10,000 <18 years). National average bed occupancy rate was 55.5%, without differences between MVD and INN. However, LRTI admissions and IMV incidence were notably higher among INN PICUs compared with MVD PICUs, 83.0% vs. 71% (P<0.01) and 19.9% vs. 14.7% (P<0.01) respectively. During one week occupancy exceeded 80% without differences between MVD and INN. The implementation of a nationwide PICU bed monitoring tool was possible. Although occupancy rates did not reach critical levels at a national grade, regional differences were found that merit further study to improve vital PICUs resource allocation.
Monitorear la capacidad nacional de camas de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) es importante para la asignación de recursos. Describimos el desarrollo y aplicación de una herramienta online para el seguimiento de la ocupación de camas durante la epidemia respiratoria de 2023 en Uruguay. Se envió diariamente una encuesta de 5 minutos a cada personal designado de la UCIP mediante una aplicación de mensajería instantánea, durante las 12 semanas de la temporada de invierno de 2023. La encuesta recopiló información sobre la capacidad de camas con personal, las tasas de ocupación, la demanda de ventilación mecánica invasiva (IMV) y el número de niños admitidos por infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior (LRTI). Los datos se ingresaron manualmente utilizando la plataforma del software REDcap. Se realizó una comparación entre UCIP de la capital Montevideo (MVD) y del interior (INN). Las UCIP participantes tuvieron acceso a un panel diario con datos a nivel nacional. Se recolectaron datos del 100% (n=20) de las UCIP uruguayas, el 68% en MVD (2,72 camas UCIP por 10.000 <18 años) y el 32% en el INN (0,86 camas UCIP por 10.000 <18 años). La tasa de ocupación de camas promedio nacional fue del 55,5%, sin diferencias entre MVD e INN. Sin embargo, los ingresos por LRTI y la incidencia de IMV fueron notablemente mayores entre las UCIP INN en comparación con las UCIP MVD, 83,0% frente a 71% (P<0,01) y 19,9% frente a 14,7% (P<0,01), respectivamente. Durante una semana la ocupación superó el 80% sin diferencias entre MVD y INN. Fue posible implementar una herramienta de monitoreo de camas UCIP a nivel nacional. Aunque las tasas de ocupación no alcanzaron niveles críticos a nivel nacional, se encontraron diferencias regionales que merecen más estudios para mejorar la asignación de recursos vitales de las UCIP.
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Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración.
Abstract This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities.
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O estudo analisa uma formação em Iniciação Científica sobre arboviroses, a partir da percepção de jovens estudantes, em Ceilândia Distrito Federal. Objetivo: compreender em que medida a Iniciação Científica mobiliza esses jovens a participarem de ações de vigilância e promoção da saúde no território, e entender sua motivação para participar do projeto. Metodologia: abrangeu-se a análise das redações escritas para a seleção ao Curso de Formação para Iniciação Científica na Educação Básica e as Arboviroses; a administração desse curso e; posteriormente, um grupo focal com estudantes para análise do processo educativo da Iniciação Científica que vivenciaram. Resultados: a análise de conteúdo evidenciou a percepção dos alunos sobre a Iniciação Científica, centrada em seis categorias analíticas: motivação dos alunos para Iniciação Científica; processo de formação do saber; formação de jovens cientistas; saúde e meio ambiente; participação e empoderamento juvenil e percepções acerca do Sistema Público de Saúde. Conclusão: o enfrentamento às arboviroses exige políticas e intervenções de amplo espectro, e a Iniciação Científica fortaleceu esses jovens estudantes enquanto sujeitos de direitos, ampliou sua percepção sobre ciência, saúde, relação com o ambiente, com o Sistema Único de Saúde e estimulou o interesse em ações preventivas no combate às arboviroses nesses territórios.
This study analyzes a Scientific Initiation (SI) program on arboviroses, from the perception of young high school students in Ceilândia Distrito Federal. Objective: It aims to understand to what extent the SI mobilizes these young people to participate in surveillance and health promotion actions in the territory and understand their motivation to participate in this project. Methodology: The methodology included the analysis of the essays written for the selection to the Training Course for Scientific Initiation in Basic Education and the Arboviroses, the administration of this course, and later a focus group with students to analyze the SI educational process they experienced. Results: The result of the Content Analysis showed that the students' perception about the SI could be grouped into six categories: students' motivation for the scientific initiation; the learning process; the training of young scientists; health and environment; youth participation and empowerment, and perceptions of the Public health system in Brazil (SUS). Conclusion: Confronting arboviroses requires broad-spectrum policies and interventions, and the SI strengthened these young students as subjects of rights, broadened their perception of science, health, relationship with the environment, with the Sistema Único de Saúde and stimulated interest in preventive actions to combat arboviroses in these territories. Keywords: Health education; Arbovirus infections; Adolescents; Public health.
Analiza una formación en Iniciación Científica (IC) sobre arbovirus, desde la percepción de jóvenes estudiantes de secundaria en Ceilândia, Distrito Federal. Objetivo: el objetivo es comprender en qué medida la IC moviliza a estos jóvenes a participar en acciones de vigilancia y promoción de la salud en el territorio, así como entender su motivación para participar en proyectos de IC. Metodología: la metodología incluyó el análisis de las redacciones escritas para la selección al Curso de Formación para Iniciación Científica en Educación Básica y Arbovirus, la administración de este curso y, posteriormente, un grupo focal con los estudiantes para analizar el proceso educativo de IC que vivieron. Resultados: los resultados del Análisis de Contenido mostraron la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la IC enfocada en seis categorías analíticas: motivación de los estudiantes por la iniciación científica; proceso de formación de conocimientos; formación de jóvenes científicos; salud y medio ambiente; participación y empoderamiento de los jóvenes y percepciones sobre el Sistema Público de Salud (SUS). Conclusiones: Enfrentar los arbovirus requiere políticas e intervenciones de amplio espectro, y la IC fortaleció a estos jóvenes estudiantes como sujetos de derechos, ampliando su percepción sobre ciencia, salud, relación con el entorno, con el Sistema Único de Salud y estimuló el interés en acciones preventivas en la lucha contra los arbovirus en estos territorios.
Subject(s)
Health LawABSTRACT
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these diseases have been neglected due to the Brazilian Unified National Health System (BHUS) overload. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the bond between patients with NCDs and primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic while also seeking to identify the population's level of knowledge about health parameters and their relationship with the healthcare system. A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted, in which an online questionnaire was administered to collect socioeconomic information from patients and their bond with BHUS in the metropolitan region of Maringa, Parana, Brazil, encompassing individuals over 18 years of age. The survey was promoted on social media, and interested participants responded to the questionnaire, which addressed topics such as identification, medication use, disease information, knowledge about NCDs, and general data related to COVID-19. The obtained and analyzed responses revealed a low bond level between this population and primary care and a lack of knowledge about NCDs and their health during the pandemic. There was a notable decrease in seeking healthcare services during this period, which may be explained by the fear of contracting the novel coronavirus. This study is essential to understand patients' responses to public health challenges during the pandemic. It can become a valuable ally in dealing with future pandemics and endemic crises, enabling improvements in care and raising awareness among the population about NCDs and the healthcare system.
Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) son consideradas una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, estas enfermedades han sido desatendidas debido a la sobrecarga de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS). En ese contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar el vínculo entre los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la atención primaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19, buscando identificar el nivel de conocimiento de la población sobre los parámetros de salud y la relación con el sistema de salud. Se realizó un estudio transversal y observacional, en el que se aplicó un cuestionario en línea para recolectar información socioeconómica de los pacientes y su vínculo con las BHU en la región metropolitana de Maringá/PR, abarcando personas mayores de 18 años. La divulgación se realizó en las redes sociales y los interesados respondieron el cuestionario que abordó temas como identificación, uso de medicamentos, información sobre enfermedades, conocimientos sobre ECNT y datos generales relacionados con el COVID-19. Las respuestas obtenidas y analizadas revelaron un bajo nivel de vinculación de esta población con la atención primaria, así como un desconocimiento sobre las ECNT y su propia salud durante la pandemia. Hubo una notable reducción en la demanda de servicios de salud durante este período, lo que puede explicarse por el temor a la contaminación por el nuevo coronavirus. Este estudio se presenta como una herramienta importante para comprender la respuesta de los pacientes a los desafíos de salud pública durante la pandemia. Puede convertirse en un valioso aliado para enfrentar futuras pandemias y crisis endémicas, posibilitando mejoras en la atención y concientización de la población sobre las ECNT y el sistema de salud.
As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) são consideradas uma das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, essas doenças têm sido negligenciadas devido à sobrecarga das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (BHU). Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o vínculo dos pacientes com DCNTs com a atenção primária durante a pandemia da COVID-19, ao mesmo tempo em que busca identificar o nível de conhecimento da população sobre os parâmetros de saúde e o relacionamento com o sistema de saúde. Realizou-se um estudo transversal e observacional, no qual foi aplicado um questionário online para coletar informações socioeconômicas dos pacientes e seu vínculo com as BHUs na região metropolitana de Maringá/PR, abrangendo indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. A divulgação foi realizada em mídias sociais e os interessados responderam ao questionário que abordou tópicos como identificação, uso de medicações, informações sobre doenças, conhecimento acerca das DCNTs e dados gerais relacionados à COVID-19. As respostas obtidas e analisadas revelaram um baixo nível de vínculo dessa população com a atenção primária, assim como uma falta de conhecimento sobre as DCNTs e a própria saúde durante a pandemia. Observou-se uma notável redução na procura por serviços de saúde durante esse período, o que pode ser explicado pelo receio da contaminação pelo novo coronavírus. Este estudo se apresenta como uma ferramenta importante para compreender a resposta dos pacientes frente aos desafios da saúde pública durante a pandemia. Ele pode se tornar um aliado valioso para lidar com futuras pandemias e crises endêmicas, possibilitando melhorias nos cuidados e na conscientização da população sobre as DCNTs e o sistema de saúde.
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Objetivo: Identificar la producción de conocimiento sobre el tratamiento de infecciones localizadas en heridas de difícil cicatrización. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud; Base de datos de enfermería; Scientific Electronic Library; Web of Science; Biblioteca Cochrane; Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior; y PubMed. Los artículos seleccionados no tienen límite de tiempo. Los estudios fueron exportados a la aplicación Rayyan y sometidos a evaluación doble ciego mediante la lectura del título y el resumen, según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La información fue analizada y sintetizada según el nivel de evidencia. Resultados: 19 estudios fueron incluidos para lectura completa. Se encontró como evidencia la higiene de la herida; la limpieza con ácido acético al 1%; la identificación y el tratamiento de biopelículas; el uso de cobertores y soluciones con acción antimicrobiana. Conclusión: La infección localizada de la herida ha sido objeto de varias investigaciones y las prácticas recomendadas se refieren a tratamientos tópicos. (AU)
Objective: To identify the knowledge production on the treatment of localized infections in hard-to-heal wounds. Method: An integrative literature review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library, Nursing Database, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, and PubMed. The selected articles had no time limit. The studies were exported to the Rayyan application and subjected to double-blind evaluation through title and abstract reading, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information was analyzed and synthesized according to the level of evidence. Results: A total of 19 publications were fully analyzed. The evidence obtained on the topic includes wound hygiene, cleaning with 1% acetic acid, identification and treatment of biofilms, the use of dressings, and solutions with antimicrobial action. Conclusion: Localized wound infections have been the subject of various research studies, and the recommended practices refer to topical treatments. (AU)
Objetivo: Identificar a produção de conhecimento sobre o tratamento de infecções localizadas em feridas de difícil cicatrização. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Base de Dados de Enfermagem, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science, Biblioteca Cochrane, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e Public Medline. Os artigos selecionados não possuem limite temporal. Os estudos foram exportados para o aplicativo Rayyan e submetidos à avaliação duplo-cega por meio da leitura do título e do resumo, com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. As informações foram analisadas e sintetizadas de acordo com o nível de evidência. Resultados: Foram analisadas 19 publicações em sua totalidade. Obteve-se como evidências acerca do tema a higienização da ferida, a limpeza com ácido acético 1%, a identificação e o tratamento de biofilmes, o uso de coberturas e as soluções com ação antimicrobiana. Conclusão: A infecção localizada de feridas tem sido objeto de várias pesquisas e as práticas recomendadas referem-se a tratamentos tópicos. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Ulcer , Infections , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in neonates are frequent and highly lethal, in particular those caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. We evaluated the beneficial effects of ultraviolet C (UV-C) disinfection and copper adhesive plating on HCAIs in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a third level paediatric hospital in Mexico City, both in combination of hand-hygiene (HH) and prevention bundles. METHODS: All NICU patients were included. There were 4 periods (P): P1: HH monitoring and prevention bundles; P2: P1+UV-C disinfection; P3: P2+Copper adhesive plating on frequent-contact surfaces and P4: Monitoring of P3 actions. RESULTS: 552 neonates were monitored during 15,467 patient days (PD). HCAI rates decreased from 11.03/1000 PD in P1 to 5.35/1000 PD in P4 (p=0.006). HCAIs with bacterial isolates dropped from 5.39/1000 PD in PI to 1.79/1000 PD in P4 (p=0.011). UV-C and copper were associated with significant HCAI prevention (RR 0.49, CI95% 0.30-0.81, p=0.005) and with lesser HCAIs with bacterial isolates (RR 0.33, CI95% 0.14-0.77, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Copper adhesive plating combined with UV-C disinfection were associated with a drop in HCAI rates and with the elimination of ESBL-caused HCAIs. Hence, we propose that these strategies be considered in MDRO proliferation preventions.
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Infections in patients with systemic vasculitis represent one of the main causes of mortality. Corticosteroid use, immunosuppressive therapy, age, associated organic involvement and dialysis dependence are risk factors of infection. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of severe infection and associated factors in patients diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN). METHODS: retrospective study was conduced in a single rheumatology center (2000-2018). We included patients diagnosed with AAV (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (PAM) and Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Serious infectious events requiring hospitalisation or prolonged antibiotic/antiviral treatment, recurrent infection of Herpes Zoster Virus or opportunistic infections were evaluated. Sites of infection, isolated microorganisms and mortality related were analyzed. RESULTS: 105 patients were analyzed, follow-up time median 18â¯m, 58.7% were women and median age was 52 years. Types of vasculitis: 41.9% PAM, 16.2% EPGA, 40% GPA, 1.9% PAN. Constitutional, pulmonary, renal and otorhinolaryngology manifestations were the most frequent. PREVALENCE OF INFECTION: 34.2%, with a median of 3 months from diagnosis of vasculitis to the infectious event. Low respiratory tract (42.8%), sepsis (31.4%), and urinary tract (14.3%) were the most common sites of infections. Bacterial aetiology was the most prevalent (67.7%). Mortality at the first event was 14.3% and a 72.2% of patients were in the induction phase of treatment. Infectious events were significantly associated with age > 65 years (pâ¯=â¯0.030), presence of lung (pâ¯=â¯0.016) and renal involvement (pâ¯=â¯0.001), BVASv3â¯>â¯15, mortality (pâ¯=â¯0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of infection was 34.2%. Lower airway infections, septicemia and urinary tract infections were the most prevalent. Infections were associated with renal and pulmonary involvement, age older than 65 years and score BVASâ¯>â¯15. Severe infections were associated with mortality, especially in elderly patients.
Subject(s)
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis , Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Adult , Aged , Prevalence , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/complications , Polyarteritis Nodosa/complications , Polyarteritis Nodosa/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Infections/complications , Infections/epidemiology , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Opportunistic Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The global increase in sexual transmitted infections (STI) makes it necessary to seek public health strategies that facilitate rapid and minimally invasive diagnosis. The objective was to evaluate the concordance between vaginal and endocervical samples for STI diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on vaginal and endocervical samples from women attended in our reference area with symptoms suggestive of vulvovaginitis or for STI screening during the study period. RESULTS: A total of 130 paired samples were analyzed; fifty-seven and 59 samples were positive for vaginal and endocervical specimens (Kappa index of 0.969 (Standard errorâ¯=â¯0.022). The sensitivity of the vaginal samples was 96.5% (IC95%: 87.2-99.4), with a specificity of 100% (IC95%: 93.0-100). DISCUSSION: The introduction of STI screening in vaginal samples in our environment can facilitate rapid and effective diagnosis and allow early treatment of STI. Additionally, it facilitates sample collection and diagnosis in the community setting, essential for optimal screening.
Subject(s)
Chlamydia Infections , Gonorrhea , Mycoplasma genitalium , Specimen Handling , Humans , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Adult , Spain , Gonorrhea/diagnosis , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Mycoplasma genitalium/isolation & purification , Specimen Handling/methods , Young Adult , Mycoplasma Infections/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Cervix Uteri/microbiology , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Vaginal Smears , Vagina/microbiology , Middle Aged , Trichomonas Infections/diagnosis , Adolescent , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
Candida bloodstream infections in children are of special concern in neonatal and pediatric intensive care and patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk factors associated with mortality in candidemia cases occurring in a public children's hospital in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. It is a retrospective transversal study. Every patient under the age of 18 admitted to the study facility from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019, was considered potentially eligible to be included if they had candidemia. We collected clinical data from medical records. We included 113 blood cultures yielding positive results for Candida. The incidence rate was 2.12 per 1000 admissions. The most common Candida species was Candida parapsilosis. Septic shock during the candidemia episode was the only clinical outcome associated with a relative risk-adjusted (RRa) of 2.77 with an interval >1 (1.12-6.85). Our findings show that the incidence rate and mortality rates of candidemia are in line with those in other children's services in Brazil. We found a global mortality rate of 28.31% (32/113) from candidemia episodes. We highlight the predominance of non-albicans Candida species including C. parapsilosis. Septic shock was the most important factor showing a significant risk of mortality.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of children with tracheostomies. The objective was to describe the characteristics of paediatric patients with a tracheostomy followed up by the Department of Palliative Care and Chronic Medically Complex Illness (DPCCMCI) of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Single-centre retrospective observational study in patients aged less than 18 years with a tracheostomy followed up by the PCCCPS of a tertiary care hospital (November 2020-June 2022). We analysed epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and social data by reviewing the health records. RESULTS: The sample included 44 tracheostomized patients. The most frequent underlying disease was acquired upper airway disease (20.5%). The most common indication for tracheostomy was upper airway obstruction (66%). Bacterial isolates were detected in 84% of the tracheal aspirates, among which P. aeruginosa was the most frequent (56.8%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was ciprofloxacin (84%). In addition, 18.1% of the patients received at least 1 course of intravenous antibiotherapy and 29.5% received more than 3 systemic antibiotic regimens in the past 20 months. Fifty-nine percent of the children were schooled: 38.6% attended a regular school, 15.9% a special needs school and 4.5% were home-schooled. We identified social difficulties in 53.7%. Also, 22.7% of the families received financial support to care for a child with severe illness. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the complexity of caring for tracheostomized children, integral and coordinated management is essential. Schooling is possible and safe if caregivers are trained.
Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Tracheostomy , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Male , Female , Child , Palliative Care/methods , Tracheostomy/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Infant , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Several studies have suggested that the hospitalization rate for COVID-19 in children and adolescents may reflect the prevalence of the infection rather than the severity of the disease. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of hospitalised paediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to understand if the infection was the reason for admission. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including patients aged 0-18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) admitted to a tertiary care children's hospital in Spain between 01/01/2020 and 12/31/2021. RESULTS: 228 patients were included, corresponding to 150 cases of COVID-related admission (SARS-CoV-2 infection as main cause of hospitalization) and 78 of non-COVID-related admission (SARS-CoV-2 infection unrelated to the hospitalization). In the group of COVID-related admissions, 58 patients had comorbidities. Forty-nine patients had acute respiratory disease (pneumonia, bronchospasm or bronchiolitis). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was diagnosed in 27 and was significantly more frequent in the first year of the pandemic (wild type virus). Eighty percent of patients with acute respiratory disease needed respiratory support, mostly low-flow oxygen therapy. The severity of the disease was similar in all virus variants. Two patients (both with severe comorbidities) died from COVID-related conditions. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, one third of the patients were admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection but not because of it. Acute respiratory disease was less frequent and had a better prognosis compared to the adult population, while MIS-C was a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization. The fatality rate was extremely low.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Hospitalization , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/therapy , COVID-19/mortality , COVID-19/complications , Retrospective Studies , Child , Infant , Child, Preschool , Male , Female , Adolescent , Spain/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/epidemiology , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapy , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn , Cohort Studies , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the first symptoms and signs of patients with suspected infection or sepsis and their association with the composite outcome of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or mortality. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study between June 2019 and March 2020. SETTING: Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Colombia. PATIENTS: Over 18 years of age with suspicion or confirmation of sepsis, which required hospitalization. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Symptoms and signs associated with infection, with their time of evolution, specified in the study. RESULTS: From 1005 eligible patients, 261 were included. After multivariable adjustment with a logistic regression model, the main factors for ICU admission or mortality were heart rate (OR 1.04 with 95% CI 1.04-3.7), respiratory rate (OR 1.19 with 95% CI 1.0-1.4) and capillary refill time (OR 3.4 with 95% CI 1.9-6.1). CONCLUSIONS: Heart rate, respiratory rate, and capillary refill may behave as early predictors of ICU admission and mortality in cases of sepsis.
Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Sepsis , Humans , Sepsis/mortality , Colombia/epidemiology , Male , Prospective Studies , Female , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Aged , Hospital Mortality , Heart Rate , Respiratory Rate , Infections/complications , AdultABSTRACT
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is increasing in Spain. Suppurative STIs are one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in specialized centers. The reason for suppurative STIs is multiple and their empirical treatment varies with the currently growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Dermatologists are trained and prepared to treat these diseases, but their correct management requires active knowledge of national and international guidelines. The present document updates, reviews and summarizes the main expert recommendations on the management and treatment of these STIs.