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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38340017

ABSTRACT

Background: Tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV) is applied to a subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; however, its frequency and impact on prognosis vary across countries. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using Korean National Health Insurance claims data. All patients diagnosed with sporadic ALS from 2012 to 2017 were included, with the observation period until 2020. The survival time between the TIV and non-TIV groups was compared using propensity score matching analysis, and prognostic factors were assessed within the TIV group. Results: This study included 3484 ALS patients (mean [standard deviation] age, 62.4 [11.9] years, 60.4% male), among whom 1230 (35.3%) underwent TIV. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the survival duration between the two groups was not significantly different (28 vs. 25 months, p = 0.057). Cox regression indicated that older age (hazard ratios [HRs] for each decade compared to <40 years: 3.89, 3.83, 5.30, 6.78, and 8.40 [≥80 years]; p < 0.005 for all) and lower income (HR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.52; p = 0.003) negatively impacted survival, while gastrostomy (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.50-0.66; p < 0.001) and supportive care services (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.32-0.59; p < 0.001) were associated with prolonged survival. Conclusions: TIV was administered to more than one-third of Korean ALS patients without significant survival prolongation. Older age, lower income, lack of gastrostomy, and insufficient supportive care were independent poor prognostic factors for survival, underscoring the importance of comprehensive management for ALS patients.


Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Noninvasive Ventilation , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Female , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Tracheostomy , Prognosis , Republic of Korea/epidemiology
2.
A A Pract ; 17(12): e01733, 2023 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38109186

ABSTRACT

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease involving the upper and lower motor neurons. Perioperative management of patients with ALS can be challenging due to the risk of hemodynamic instability, aspiration, and ventilatory failure. We discuss a 58-year-old male patient with ALS who underwent open abdominal surgery under regional anesthesia utilizing a remimazolam infusion for sedation. While various sedation agents have been used successfully in patients with ALS, remimazolam, a new short-acting benzodiazepine with unique pharmacologic properties and reversible anxiolysis, provides amnesia while avoiding ventilatory depression.


Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Anesthesia, Conduction , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Respiratory Insufficiency , Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/surgery , Benzodiazepines , Colectomy
5.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 62(9): 523-527, nov. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-142800

ABSTRACT

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica es una enfermedad crónica y neurodegenerativa del sistema nervioso central que afecta a las motoneuronas, produciendo debilidad muscular progresiva, que conduce a una atrofia y una parálisis muscular, y finalmente a la muerte. La realización de una gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea con sedación en los pacientes afectos de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica puede ser un reto para el anestesiólogo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 76 años afecto de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica en estadio avanzado, ASA III, en el que se realizó una gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea con sedación profunda, para lo que se empleó ventilación mecánica no invasiva como soporte respiratorio, para evitar la hipoventilación y las complicaciones respiratorias postoperatorias (AU)


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system which affects the motor neurons and produces a progressive muscle weakness, leading to atrophy and muscle paralysis, and ultimately death. Performing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with sedation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be a challenge for the anesthesiologist. The case is presented of a 76-year-old patient who suffered from advanced stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ASA III, in which a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed with deep sedation, for which non-invasive ventilation was used as a respiratory support to prevent hypoventilation and postoperative respiratory complications (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Gastrostomy/instrumentation , Gastrostomy/methods , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiration, Artificial , Conscious Sedation/methods , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy , Riluzole/therapeutic use , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/metabolism , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/surgery , Chronic Disease/drug therapy , Endoscopy/methods , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Muscle Weakness/drug therapy , Anesthesia/methods
6.
Acta méd. peru ; 30(2): 79-85, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692315

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En agosto del 2009 operamos el primer paciente con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, todo los investigadores informan que no hay cura para esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Demostrar que la ELA puede ser detenida y mejorada mediante un transplante de epiplón. Material y Método: Presentamos a 13 pacientes con formas bulbar y espinal de ELA. Durante la cirugía encontramos: 1) variantes anatómicas del segmento V4 de las arterias vertebrales, 2) aterosclerosis moderada o severa en ambos segmentos V4, 3) algunas arterias circunflejas originadas desde las arterias espinales anteroventrales (AEAVs) exsangües, 4) hipotrofia de raicillas nerviosas en la hilera de los nervios IX, X y XI, 5) en algunos casos, hipotrofia de la superficie anterior de las pirámides e 6) hipotrofia de raíces anteriores en C5 - C6.Todos ellos recibieron transplante de epiplón a la superficie anterior, lateral y posterior de la medula oblongada y en 5 pacientes, un transplante adicional a nivel C5-C6. Resultados: La mejoría neurológica fue observada desde el primer día de la operación y fue mayor durante los primeros días o semanas de la cirugía que en los siguientes meses. Actualmente, 2 pacientes con 8 y 12 meses de evolución postoperatoria han mejorado en un 90% los síntomas de la forma bulbar de ELA. Conclusión: Estos resultados indican que la forma bulbar de ELA es originada por isquemia progresiva en el territorio intraparenquimatoso de las AEAVs y la forma espinal por isquemia en la arteria espinal anterior, pero a nivel C5 a T1. Eso explicaría porque su revascularización por medio del epiplón produjo mejoría neurológica.


Introduction: In August 2009 we performed surgery for the first time in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALE). However, every published report about ALE mentions there is no cure for this condition. Objective: To prove that the progression of ALE may be stopped and the condition may be improved using an epiplon transplant. Material and Method: This report presents our experience with 13 ALE patients, affected by the bulbar and spinal forms of the disease. During the surgical procedures, we made the following findings: 1) anatomical variants in the V4 segment of vertebral arteries, 2) moderate or severe atherosclerosis in both V4 segments, 3) some circumflex blood vessels originating from the low-flow anterior and ventral spinal arteries, 4) hypothrophy of small nerve roots in the pathway of IX, X, and XI cranial nerves, 5) in some cases, hypothrophy of the anterior surface of the pyramids, and 6) hypothrophy of the anterior roots in C5 - C6. Every patient underwent an epiplon transplant upon the anterior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the medulla oblongata, and 5 patients underwent an additional transplant performed upon the C5-C6 territory. Results: Neurological improvement was seen from the first postoperative day, and it reached its maximum level during the first few days or weeks after surgery. Nowadays, 2 patients after eight and twelve months after surgery have had a 90% symptomatic improvement of the bulbar form of ALE. Conclusion: These results indicate that the bulbar form of ALE is caused by progressive ischemia in the parenchymal territory irrigated by the anterior and ventral spinal arteries, and that the spinal form is caused by ischemia in the anterior spinal artery, affecting the area between C5 and T1. This may explain why this revascularization procedure using epiplon tissue led to neurological improvement.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Omentum/transplantation , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/surgery , Spinal Cord Ischemia , Lateral Medullary Syndrome , Pyramidal Tracts , Prospective Studies
7.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(7): 426-434, 1 abr., 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-87346

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa para la cual no existe tratamiento curativo. En sus mecanismos patogénicos y de progresión participaría el daño oxidativo, acumulación de agregados intracelulares, disfunción mitocondrial, defectos en el transporte axonal, disminución de factores tróficos, alteraciones gliales, metabolismo aberrante del ARN y excitotoxicidad. Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados terapéuticos de las células troncales adultas como terapia en la ELA. Desarrollo. Las células troncales son una posible estrategia terapéutica, puesto que sus mecanismos de acción permitirían revertir varios de los mecanismos patogénicos descritos para la ELA. Entre las células troncales adultas destacan las células mesenquimales obtenidas de la médula ósea. Estas células son capaces de diferenciarse en todas las células del sistema nervioso central y potencialmente reemplazarlas. Además, poseen efectos inmunomoduladores, caracterizándose por secretar, especialmente en ambientes neuroinflamatorios, factores neurotróficos y antiinflamatorios. Estudios en modelos murinos de ELA muestran disminución de la inflamación y progresión de la enfermedad, y aumento de la supervivencia. Hay varios ensayos clínicos publicados, muy heterogéneos entre sí, que sugieren que el trasplante de células troncales sería seguro, pero no mejoraría en la evolución clínica de los pacientes. Conclusión. Se necesitan estudios preclínicos adicionales para refinar esta aproximación terapéutica, evaluando la supervivencia a largo plazo, diferenciación de células mesenquimales, dosificación, actividad biológica y seguridad, para continuar con estudios en pacientes (AU)


Introduction. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease. At present, there are not curative therapies for ALS. Pathogenic and progression mechanisms suggest the existence of oxidative stress, abnormal intracellular protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, axonal transport impairment, impairment of trophic support, altered glial cell function, and glutamate excitoxicity. Aim. To evaluate therapeutic results with adult stem cell for ALS treatment. Development. Stem cells represent a potential therapeutic strategy, because their biological mechanisms could act on several of the pathogenic mechanisms proposed for ALS. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are especially interesting among adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate in all central nervous system cells and potentially replace them. Furthermore, they have immunomodulatory effects, secreting, especially in neuroinflammatory environments, neurotrophic and antiinflammatory factors. Studies in murine models of ALS show decrease of inflammation and disease progression, and increase on animal highly heterogeneous, suggest that mesenchymal stem cells transplant in ALS appears to be safe. However, they fail showing clinical improvement of patients. Conclusion. Additional preclinical studies are necessary to refine this therapeutic approach, to assess long term survival and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, dosing, biological activity and safety should be conducted before any planning further human testing occurs (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/surgery , Stem Cell Transplantation , Regenerative Medicine/trends , Disease Progression , Disease-Free Survival , Inflammation/physiopathology , Immunologic Factors
8.
Rev. venez. cir. ortop. traumatol ; 38(2): 105-109, 2006. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-513376

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio clínico prospectivo experimental no controlado, en el que se obtuvieron excelentes resultados, en la esclerosis química del quiste artrosinovial, mediante el uso del Polidocanol, demostrando ser un procedimiento eficaz, curativo y seguro en el manejo de paciente portadores de dicha patología. Obteniéndose como resultados: curación del 100 por ciento de los pacientes tratados, complicaciones de poca significación clínica, retorno inmediato a sus labores habituales, asistencia del uso del tratamiento quirúrgico, importante ahorro de divisas y conservación de la apariencia estética de la mano; constituyéndose en un método alternativo y práctico para el tratamiento del ganglión en cualquier ubicación anatómica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/surgery , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy , Bone Cysts/drug therapy , Bone Cysts/therapy , Traumatology
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