Gastro-allergic anisakiasis: The first case reported in Colombia and a literature review / Anisakiasis gastro-alérgica, primera descripción de un caso en Colombia y revisión bibliográfica

Anisakiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by consumption of raw or undercooked fish or seafood infected with nematodes of the Anisakis, Pseudoterranova or Contracaecum genera. Here, we describe the first case of anisakiasis in Colombia and summarize the available literature. A 52-year-old female with a history of abrupt-onset sharp epigastric pain, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, and urticaria following fish consumption consulted the health service. The physical examination revealed moderate tenderness of the epigastric region; the laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis and a simple X-ray and ECG showed no abnormalities. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic examination, which revealed a thickened gastric wall and a moving larval worm. An Anisakis larva was found and extracted endoscopically, which relieved the pain of the patient. Clinically, anisakiasis may present as a gastric, intestinal, extragastrointestinal or allergic disease. Diagnosis and treatment of anisakiasis are made by a dietary history, direct visualization and endoscopic extraction of possible larvae, which is the only effective therapy.

La anisakiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica causada por el consumo de pescados o mariscos crudos o poco cocidos infectados con nematodos de los géneros Anisakis, Pseudoterranova y Contracaecum. Se describe el primer caso de anisakiasis en Colombia y se resume la literatura médica disponible. Una mujer de 52 años de edad consultó por dolor epigástrico agudo de inicio abrupto, náuseas, vómitos, diarrea y urticaria después de consumir pescado. El examen físico reveló sensibilidad moderada en el epigastrio. El examen de laboratorio evidenció leucocitosis, en tanto que la radiografía simple y el electrocardiograma no reflejaron ninguna anormalidad. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante una endoscopia de vías digestivas altas, la cual reveló engrosamiento de la pared gástrica y un parásito en movimiento. Se encontró una larva de Anisakis y se la extrajo por endoscopia, lo que alivió el dolor de la paciente. Clínicamente, la anisakiasis puede presentarse como una enfermedad gástrica, intestinal, en otros sistemas o alérgica. El diagnóstico se hace con base en la elaboración del historial alimentario del paciente y la visualización directa de las larvas; el único tratamiento efectivo consiste en su extracción endoscópica.

Anisakiasis gastro-alérgica, primera descripción de un caso en Colombia y revisión bibliográfica / Gastro-allergic anisakiasis: The first case reported in Colombia and a literature review

Resumen La anisakiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica causada por el consumo de pescados o mariscos crudos o poco cocidos infectados con nematodos de los géneros Anisakis, Pseudoterranova y Contracaecum. Se describe el primer caso de anisakiasis en Colombia y se resume la literatura médica disponible. Una mujer de 52 años de edad consultó por dolor epigástrico agudo de inicio abrupto, náuseas, vómitos, diarrea y urticaria después de consumir pescado. El examen físico reveló sensibilidad moderada en el epigastrio. El examen de laboratorio evidenció leucocitosis, en tanto que la radiografía simple y el electrocardiograma no reflejaron ninguna anormalidad. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante una endoscopia de vías digestivas altas, la cual reveló engrosamiento de la pared gástrica y un parásito en movimiento. Se encontró una larva de Anisakis y se la extrajo por endoscopia, lo que alivió el dolor de la paciente. Clínicamente, la anisakiasis puede presentarse como una enfermedad gástrica, intestinal, en otros sistemas o alérgica. El diagnóstico se hace con base en la elaboración del historial alimentario del paciente y la visualización directa de las larvas; el único tratamiento efectivo consiste en su extracción endoscópica.

Abstract Anisakiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by consumption of raw or undercooked fish or seafood infected with nematodes of the Anisakis, Pseudoterranova or Contracaecum genera. Here, we describe the first case of anisakiasis in Colombia and summarize the available literature. A 52-year-old female with a history of abrupt-onset sharp epigastric pain, nausea, vomit, diarrhea, and urticaria following fish consumption consulted the health service. The physical examination revealed moderate tenderness of the epigastric region; the laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis and a simple X-ray and ECG showed no abnormalities. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic examination, which revealed a thickened gastric wall and a moving larval worm. An Anisakis larva was found and extracted endoscopically, which relieved the pain of the patient. Clinically, anisakiasis may present as a gastric, intestinal, extragastrointestinal or allergic disease. Diagnosis and treatment of anisakiasis are made by a dietary history, direct visualization and endoscopic extraction of possible larvae, which is the only effective therapy.

Resposta imunológica a antígenos de Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum de peixes teleósteos / Imunne response against Hysterothylacium deardorffoverestreetorum from teleost fish

Anisaquidose é uma doença provocada por parasitos da família Anisakidae e se caracteriza por manifestações gastrointestinais e alérgicas. O Anisakis simplex é o parasito mais patogênico ao homem e altamente alergênico. Porém, outros anisaquídeos também são danosos aos humanos, mas é desconhecida a imunogenicidade dessas larvas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial imunogênico do parasito Hysterothylacium deardorffoverestreetorum (HD) em modelo murino. Camundongos da linhagem BALB/c foram divididos em três grupos experimentais e receberam as preparações antigênicas obtidas de larvas de HD: extrato bruto de larvas (EBH), extrato secretado/ excretado de larvas (ESH) e extrato bruto de larvas após excreção/secreção (EEH). Amostras séricas foram obtidas em diferentes dias após imunização para determinação dos níveis de anticorpos específicos pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os resultados demonstram aumento na produção de imunoglobulina (Ig) G após a segunda imunização, com aumento progressivo após a terceira imunização. Já em relação à IgE, a reatividade foi mais tardia, demonstrando aumento progressivo após a terceira imunização. Foi avaliada a imunidade celular por meio da intradermorreação, como resultado estatisticamente significativo em relação ao controle utilizado. Este experimento é a primeira descrição da potencialidade patogênica desse parasito em mamíferos e representa um avanço no diagnóstico da anisaquidose humana.(AU)

Anisaquidosis is a disease caused by parasites of Anisakidae family and is characterized by gastrointestinal and allergic reactions. The Anisakis simplex is a more pathogenic Anisakidae to humans and is highly allergenic. However, other species of this family also have characteristics that are harmful to humans, but little is known about the immunogenicity this parasites. The objective of this study was to experimentally assess the immunogenic potential of the parasite Hysterothylacium deardorffoverestreetorum (H.D) in mice. Mice of inbred BALB/c strain were divided into three groups and received three immunizations of the following antigenic preparations obtained from L3 larvae H.D: Crude larval extract of H.D (CEH) Extract secreted / excreted larvae H.D. (ESH) and crude extract of larvae after excretion / secretion (EEH). Serum samples were obtained on different days after immunization to determine the levels of circulating specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results show increased production of immunoglobulin (Ig) G after the second immunization with a gradual increase after the third immunization. Regarding IgE reactivity, this occurred later, demonstrating a progressive increase only after the third immunization. Cellular immunity was evaluated by intradermal, and showed statistically significant result compared to the control used. This experiment is the first description of the pathogenic potential of this parasite in mammals and represents a breakthrough in the diagnosis of human Anisakidosis.(AU)

Resposta imunológica a antígenos de Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum de peixes teleósteos / Imunne response against Hysterothylacium deardorffoverestreetorum from teleost fish

Anisaquidose é uma doença provocada por parasitos da família Anisakidae e se caracteriza por manifestações gastrointestinais e alérgicas. O Anisakis simplex é o parasito mais patogênico ao homem e altamente alergênico. Porém, outros anisaquídeos também são danosos aos humanos, mas é desconhecida a imunogenicidade dessas larvas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial imunogênico do parasito Hysterothylacium deardorffoverestreetorum (HD) em modelo murino. Camundongos da linhagem BALB/c foram divididos em três grupos experimentais e receberam as preparações antigênicas obtidas de larvas de HD: extrato bruto de larvas (EBH), extrato secretado/ excretado de larvas (ESH) e extrato bruto de larvas após excreção/secreção (EEH). Amostras séricas foram obtidas em diferentes dias após imunização para determinação dos níveis de anticorpos específicos pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os resultados demonstram aumento na produção de imunoglobulina (Ig) G após a segunda imunização, com aumento progressivo após a terceira imunização. Já em relação à IgE, a reatividade foi mais tardia, demonstrando aumento progressivo após a terceira imunização. Foi avaliada a imunidade celular por meio da intradermorreação, como resultado estatisticamente significativo em relação ao controle utilizado. Este experimento é a primeira descrição da potencialidade patogênica desse parasito em mamíferos e representa um avanço no diagnóstico da anisaquidose humana.(AU)

Anisaquidosis is a disease caused by parasites of Anisakidae family and is characterized by gastrointestinal and allergic reactions. The Anisakis simplex is a more pathogenic Anisakidae to humans and is highly allergenic. However, other species of this family also have characteristics that are harmful to humans, but little is known about the immunogenicity this parasites. The objective of this study was to experimentally assess the immunogenic potential of the parasite Hysterothylacium deardorffoverestreetorum (H.D) in mice. Mice of inbred BALB/c strain were divided into three groups and received three immunizations of the following antigenic preparations obtained from L3 larvae H.D: Crude larval extract of H.D (CEH) Extract secreted / excreted larvae H.D. (ESH) and crude extract of larvae after excretion / secretion (EEH). Serum samples were obtained on different days after immunization to determine the levels of circulating specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results show increased production of immunoglobulin (Ig) G after the second immunization with a gradual increase after the third immunization. Regarding IgE reactivity, this occurred later, demonstrating a progressive increase only after the third immunization. Cellular immunity was evaluated by intradermal, and showed statistically significant result compared to the control used. This experiment is the first description of the pathogenic potential of this parasite in mammals and represents a breakthrough in the diagnosis of human Anisakidosis.(AU)

Interleukin-4 production in BALB/c mice immunized with Anisakis simplex.

We investigated the interleukin (IL-4) levels in BALB/c mice immunized with Anisakis extract in single or multiple doses and in mice orally infected with a larva. From animals immunized maximum responses were obtained with the multiple doses with an only IL-4 peak. Conversely, in the mice inoculated with a larva per os, the IL-4 levels showed two peaks of different rates.

Interleukin-4 production in BALB/c mice immunized with Anisakis simplex

We investigated the interleukin (IL-4) levels in BALB/c mice immunized with Anisakis extract in single or multiple doses and in mice orally infected with a larva. From animals immunized maximum responses were obtained with the multiple doses with an only IL-4 peak. Conversely, in the mice inoculated with a larva per os, the IL-4 levels showed two peaks of different rates