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2.
An. psicol ; 37(1): 161-167, ene.-abr. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-200661

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar de Olson (2010). La satisfacción familiar ha sido evaluada por clínicos e investigadores, en particular en vinculación con el Modelo Circumplejo de los Sistemas Maritales y Familiares. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios de adaptación de la técnica en el idioma español. Partiendo del proceso de traducción y datos preliminares de fiabilidad, se realizó un estudio de tipo instrumental con una muestra de 385 familias de población general, con los objetivos de obtener evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la escala. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio muestran un buen ajuste de los datos a una estructura unidimensional, con un índice de fiabilidad alto. Los análisis de validez externa se realizaron con el resto de las escalas FACES IV, con resultados esperables según el modelo teórico. Para obtener datos de validez de criterio, se comparó los resultados obtenidos por una muestra clínica (N = 77) con una submuestra equivalente de los participantes, hallando diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos. Se concluye que la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar es una técnica válida y fiable para la evaluación de la satisfacción en familias uruguayas


The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Family Satisfaction Scale (Olson, 2010). Family satisfaction has been evaluated by clinicians and researchers, particularly in relation to the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. Despite its widespread use, there are few adaptations to Spanish. Based on the translation process and preliminary reliability data, an instrumental study was conducted with a sample of 385 families from the general population, with the aim of obtaining evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show a moderate fit of the data to a one-dimensional structure, with a high reliability index. The external validity analyzes were performed with the rest of the FACES IV scales, with expected results according to the theoretical model. To obtain criterion validity data, we compared the results obtained in a clinical sample (N = 77) with an equivalent subsample of the participants, finding significant differences between the two groups. It is concluded that the Family Satisfaction Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of satisfaction in Uruguayan families


Subject(s)
Humans , Personal Satisfaction , Family Relations/psychology , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Psychometrics , Reference Values , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Reproducibility of Results , Uruguay
3.
An. psicol ; 37(1): 168-177, ene.-abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-200662

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: El clima organizacional (CO) es un constructo fundamental en entornos laborales y organizacionales, ya que permite la exploración de comportamientos individuales y grupales dentro de las organizaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar una nueva escala llamada Escala de Clima Organizacional del Ambiente Laboral Subjetivo (ECALS) en el contexto chileno. MÉTODO: La muestra estuvo formada por 1,442 trabajadores con una media de edad de 30.48 años (DT = 11.13). Un total de 55% fueron trabajadores públicos, un 34.5% fueron trabajadores de organizaciones privadas con fines de lucro y un 10.5% pertenecían a organizaciones privadas sin fines de lucro. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes análisis factoriales exploratorios y el mejor modelo exploratorio se comprobó en un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Además, se analizó si existían diferencias en las dimensiones del ECALS entre los trabajadores pertenecientes a las diferentes organizaciones. RESULTADOS: La escala estuvo formada por 38 ítems con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y una estructura bifactor, con un factor general (CO) y cinco dimensiones específicas (Confianza organizacional, Tensión laboral, Apoyo social, Retribución, y Satisfacción la-boral). CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados indican que la nueva escala tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, permitiendo evaluar de manera fiable y válida el clima organizacional en el contexto chileno


BACKGROUND: Organizational Climate (OC) is a basic construct in work and organizational environments, since it allows exploration of individual and group behaviours within organizations. The object of the pre-sent study was to develop a new scale called the Subjective Work Environment Organizational Climate Scale (Escala de Clima Organizacional del Ambiente Laboral Subjetivo - ECALS) for the Chilean context. METHOD: The sample consisted of 1,442 employees, mean age 39.48 years (SD= 11.13). A total of 55% were public employees, 34.5% were employees in commercial private organizations and 10.5% belonged to not-for-profit private organizations. Different exploratory factorial analyses were applied and the best exploratory model was tested in a confirmatory factorial analysis. We also analysed whether differences existed in the dimensions of ECALS between employees belonging to the different types of organization. RESULTS: The scale consists of 38 items with adequate psychometric properties and a bifactorial structure, with one general factor (OC) and five specific dimensions (Organizational trust, Job strain, Social support, Reward and Job satisfaction). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the new scale has adequate psychometric properties, providing reliable, valid evaluation of the organizational climate in the Chilean context


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Organizational Culture , Social Support , Job Satisfaction , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Psychometrics , Social Behavior , Reproducibility of Results , Chile
4.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 33(2): 149-160, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-201924

ABSTRACT

La compulsividad ha sido considerada una de las características nucleares de las conductas adictivas. Uno de los comportamientos abusivos que ha adquirido importancia en tiempos recientes es el uso del teléfono móvil. El objetivo del presente trabajo es obtener una versión de la Escala de Uso Obsesivo-Compulsivo de Drogas (OCDUS) para estudiar la compulsividad asociada al abuso del móvil, conocer sus propiedades psicométricas básicas y resultados de su aplicación. Se creó y administró el OCDUS-TIC por Internet, mediante mensajería instantánea, redes sociales y correo electrónico, solicitándose la participación anónima y voluntaria. Adicionalmente se administraron el MULTICAGE-TIC y el Inventario de Síntomas Prefrontales (ISP). Se obtuvo una muestra de n=748 sujetos, 33% varones y 94% nacidos y residentes en España. El test obtuvo adecuados valores de consistencia interna, aplicando diferentes estimadores. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio sobre las escalas teóricas, alcanzando adecuados estimadores de ajuste. Se observó que los componentes obsesivo-compulsivos son de mayor magnitud a medida que se incrementa la implicación en el uso y su progresión al abuso del móvil. Las escalas del OCDUS-TIC mostraron correlaciones de gran magnitud con los síntomas de mal funcionamiento prefrontal, especialmente la de Pensamiento-Interferencia (r > 0,80). En conclusión, el OCDUS-TIC explora con garantías psicométricas los componentes obsesivo-compulsivos del uso/abuso del móvil, que se relacionan estrechamente con fallos cotidianos de origen prefrontal. Si la impulsividad ha centrado el interés en el estudio del abuso del móvil, los datos del presente estudio aconsejan prestar mayor atención a la compulsividad como factor de mantenimiento del abuso


Compulsiveness has been considered one of the core characteristics of addictive behaviours. One of the abusive behaviours that has acquired importance in recent times involves the use of mobile phones. The aim of this study is to obtain a version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Drug-Use Scale (OCDUS) to study the compulsivity associated with mobile phone abuse, its basic psychometric properties and the results of its application. The OCDUS-ICT was created and administered over the Internet, through instant messaging programs, social networks and e-mail, and anonymous and voluntary participation was requested. Additionally, MULTICAGE-ICT and the Inventory of Prefrontal Symptoms were administered. A sample of n=748 subjects, 33% males and 94% born and resident in Spain was obtained. The test obtained adequate values of internal consistency, applying different estimators. Confirmatory factor analysis of the theoretical scales yielded adequate fit indices. Obsessive-compulsive components were observed to become stronger as mobile phone use increased and approached abuse levels. OCDUS-ICT scales showed large correlations with prefrontal malfunction symptoms, especially Thoughts-Interference (r>0.80). In conclusion, OCDUS-ICT explores with psychometric accuracy the obsessive-compulsive components of mobile use/abuse, which are closely related to malfunctions in daily life attributable to the prefrontal cortex. If impulsivity has so far been the focus in the study of mobile phone abuse, the data from the present study suggest that greater attention should be paid to compulsivity as a factor in maintaining abuse


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Impulsive Behavior , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Self Report/standards , Cell Phone Use/adverse effects , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Prefrontal Cortex , Smartphone , Psychometrics , Spain
5.
Apuntes psicol ; 37(3): 177-198, 2019. graf, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-195252

ABSTRACT

Los conflictos interpersonales en las situaciones laborales suponen un riesgo notable tanto para la salud de los trabajadores como para la organización. Detectar de forma temprana las características de estos conflictos para poder intervenir sobre ellos de manera adecuada es una necesidad de las organizaciones actuales sumidas en entornos continuos de cambio donde la norma es la reducción de personas, recursos o ambos. En este artículo se presenta la validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de la percepción de conflictos interpersonales en las situaciones de trabajo: Perceived Interpersonal Conflicts Scale (PICS). Este instrumento permite analizar cinco dimensiones relacionadas con los tipos de conflictos presentes en entornos laborales (conflicto de tareas, conflicto de relación, conflicto de estatus, conflicto de proceso, conflicto de contexto) y una última relacionada con el escalamiento del conflicto. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto una satisfactoria fiabilidad del instrumento, así como una satisfactoria validez convergente y discriminativa utilizando el instrumento SOFI-SM. PICS ofrece un análisis rápido (12 ítems) con un nivel de fiabilidad y validez adecuado, de la percepción del conflicto en situaciones de trabajo validado para la población laboral española


Interpersonal conflicts in work situations pose a significant risk both to workers' health and to the organization. Early detection of the characteristics of these conflicts in order to be able to intervene in them in an appropriate manner is a necessity of the current organizations immersed in continuous environments of change where the norm is the reduction of people, resources or both. This article presents the validation of an instrument for the evaluation of the perception of interpersonal conflicts in work situations: the Perceived Interpersonal Conflicts Scale (PICS). This instrument allows analyzing five dimensions related to the types of conflicts present in work environments (task conflict, relationship conflict, status conflict, process conflict, context conflict) and a last one related to the escalation of the conflict. The results show a satisfactory reliability of the instrument, as well as a satisfactory convergent and discriminative validity using the SOFI-SM instrument. PICS offers a quick analysis (12 items) with an adequate level of reliability and validity, of the perception of conflict in work situations validated for the Spanish working population


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Interpersonal Relations , Conflict, Psychological , 16359 , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Occupational Health , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Reference Values , Health Workforce , Spain
6.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(2): 121-128, mar.-abr. 2018. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171465

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un instrumento específico para detectar la violencia ejercida y padecida en las relaciones de parejas jóvenes, la Escala Multidimensional de Violencia en el Noviazgo (EMVN). Método: Estudio descriptivo de validación clinimétrica. Muestreo aleatorio estratificado por sexo y área de conocimiento, en el que se adoptó como criterio de inclusión tener o haber tenido alguna relación de pareja. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 447 sujetos. Resultados: Se ha obtenido la EMVN de 32 ítems con tres dimensiones: agresiones físicas y sexuales, conductas de control (ciberacoso, vigilancia y acoso) y abuso psicoemocional (denigración y dominación), como víctima o como agresor/a. No se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la violencia ejercida y la padecida, pero sí en función del sexo. Conclusión: La EMVN es una escala válida y fiable que mide los distintos elementos de la violencia en parejas de jóvenes y puede suponer un recurso para la detección integral de conductas violentas en las relaciones de noviazgo que se establecen entre jóvenes (AU)


Objective: To design and validate a specific instrument to detect exercised and suffered in the relations of young couples in violence. Method: Descriptive study of validation clinimetric. Stratified by sex and area of knowledge, which was adopted as inclusion criteria have or have had any relationship. The sample consisted of 447 subjects. Results: We obtained the Multidimensional Scale Dating Violence (EMVN), 32 items with three dimensions: physical and sexual assault, behavior control (cyberbullying, surveillance and harassment) and abuse psicoemocional (disparagement and domination), as a victim or as aggressor. No statistically significant differences were found between the violence exerted and the violence suffered, but it was based on sex. Conclusion: The EMVN is a valid and reliable scale that measures the different elements of violence in couples of young people and you can suppose a resource for the comprehensive detection of violent behaviors in dating relationships that are established among young people (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Violence/psychology , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Surveys and Questionnaires , Culturally Competent Care/methods , Sexual Harassment/psychology
7.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(1): f:12-l:21, jan.-mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-883659

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: A insuficiência cardíaca é principal manifestação da cardiomiopatia dilatada na infância, e a avaliação sistematizada dos sinais e sintomas permite acompanhar o resultado do tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de três escalas de classificação funcional da insuficiência cardíaca na evolução de crianças e adolescentes com cardiomiopatia dilatada. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal e observacional incluindo pacientes de zero a 18 anos com cardiomiopatia dilatada e insuficiência cardíaca inicial grave. Todos foram acompanhados por meio das escalas New York Heart Association (NYHA), The New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index (The NYU PHFI) e Ross versão 2012. As análises estatísticas foram feitas com uso do Statistical Package for Social Science , versão 14.0, com teste de Mann-Whitney, teste qui quadrado ou de Fisher, aplicação da Curva Característica de Operação, teste de Wilcoxon e coeficiente de Kappa, para comparação das escalas, e curva Kaplan-Meier, para avaliação da sobrevida. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 57 pacientes, com idade de 1 a 200 meses (média de 48,7 ± 55,9) e seguimento de 6 a 209 meses (média de 63,6 ± 48,4). Houve substancial concordância das escalas Ross 2012 e The NYU PHFI com a NYHA (Kappa = 0,71 e 0,82, respectivamente). A análise pareada pelo teste de Wilcoxon, comparando as escalas antes e após o tratamento, foi significativa (p < 0,0001). A sobrevida maior foi encontrada nos pacientes com classes I/II pela NYHA ou pontuação menor que 11 pontos nas outras. Conclusão: O uso das escalas de avaliação funcional da insuficiência cardíaca se mostrou útil no seguimento e na avaliação da resposta terapêutica. Pacientes que permaneceram em classes funcionais III ou IV de NYHA, ou com pontuação igual ou maior que 11 na Ross 2012 ou na The NYU PHFI tiveram pior prognóstico


DOI: 10.5935/2359-4802.20170085 12 International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2018;31(1)12-21 ARTIGO ORIGINAL Correspondência: Fátima Derlene da Rocha Araújo Rua Indiana, 789, Ap 301. CEP: 30460350, Jardim América, Belo Horizonte, MG ­ Brasil. E-mail: fatima.derlene@hotmail.com, cleverpsi@hotmail.com Prognóstico da Cardiomiopatia Dilatada com Insuficiência Cardíaca Grave de Acordo com Escalas de Classificação Funcional na Infância Prognosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Severe Heart Failure according to Functional Classification Scales in Childhood Fátima Derlene da Rocha Araújo, Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da Silva, Henrique de Assis Fonseca Tonelli, Adriana Furletti M Guimarães, Sandra Regina Tolentino Castilho, Zilda Maria Alves Meira Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG ­ Brasil Artigo recebido em 14/02/2017; revisado em 17/04/2017; aceito em 05/06/2017 Resumo Fundamento: A insuficiência cardíaca é principal manifestação da cardiomiopatia dilatada na infância, e a avaliação sistematizada dos sinais e sintomas permite acompanhar o resultado do tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de três escalas de classificação funcional da insuficiência cardíaca na evolução de crianças e adolescentes com cardiomiopatia dilatada. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal e observacional incluindo pacientes de zero a 18 anos com cardiomiopatia dilatada e insuficiência cardíaca inicial grave. Todos foram acompanhados por meio das escalas New York Heart Association (NYHA), The New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index (The NYU PHFI) e Ross versão 2012. As análises estatísticas foram feitas com uso do Statistical Package for Social Science , versão 14.0, com teste de Mann-Whitney, teste qui quadrado ou de Fisher, aplicação da Curva Característica de Operação, teste de Wilcoxon e coeficiente de Kappa, para comparação das escalas, e curva Kaplan-Meier, para avaliação da sobrevida. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 57 pacientes, com idade de 1 a 200 meses (média de 48,7 ± 55,9) e seguimento de 6 a 209 meses (média de 63,6 ± 48,4). Houve substancial concordância das escalas Ross 2012 e The NYU PHFI com a NYHA (Kappa = 0,71 e 0,82, respectivamente). A análise pareada pelo teste de Wilcoxon, comparando as escalas antes e após o tratamento, foi significativa (p < 0,0001). A sobrevida maior foi encontrada nos pacientes com classes I/II pela NYHA ou pontuação menor que 11 pontos nas outras. Conclusão: O uso das escalas de avaliação funcional da insuficiência cardíaca se mostrou útil no seguimento e na avaliação da resposta terapêutica. Pacientes que permaneceram em classes funcionais III ou IV de NYHA, ou com pontuação igual ou maior que 11 na Ross 2012 ou na The NYU PHFI tiveram pior prognóstico. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018;31(1)12-21) Palavras-chave: Cardiomiopatia Dilatada, Prognóstico, Insuficiência Cardíaca, Escalas, Criança, Adolescentes. Abstract Background: Heart failure is the main manifestation of dilated cardiomyopathy in childhood, and the systematic evaluation of signs and symptoms allows monitoring the treatment outcome. Objective: To evaluate the use of three functional classification scales of heart failure in children and adolescents with dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: Longitudinal and observational study including patients from zero to 18 years with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe initial heart failure. All of them were followed up using the New York Heart Association (NYHA), The New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index (The NYU PHFI) and Ross version 2012 scales. Statistical analyzes were done using Statistical Package for Social Science, version 14.0, with Mann-Whitney test, Chi-Square test or Fisher's test, application of the Operating Characteristic Curve, Wilcoxon test and Kappa coefficient for comparison of scales and Kaplan-Meier curve for survival evaluation. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: A total of 57 patients, aged from 1 to 200 months (mean of 48.7 ± 55.9) and follow-up of 6 to 209 months (mean of 63.6 ± 48.4) were included. There was substantial agreement between the Ross 2012 scales, The NYU PHFI and NYHA (Kappa = 0.71 and 0.82, respectively). Paired analysis by the Wilcoxon test, comparing the scales before and after treatment, was significant (p < 0.0001). The greatest survival was found in patients with class I/II by NYHA or scores lower than 11 points in the others. Conclusion: The use of functional assessment scales of heart failure proved to be useful in the follow-up and evaluation of the therapeutic response and there was no difference between them. Patients who remained in functional classification III or IV NYHA or scores ≥ 11 in Ross 2012 or The NYU PHFI had worse prognosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology , Child , Heart Failure/complications , Prognosis , Anthracyclines , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Diagnosis , Echocardiography/methods , Heart Ventricles , Myocarditis/etiology , Observational Studies as Topic/methods , ROC Curve , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Treatment Outcome
9.
Pap. psicol ; 38(3): 195-203, sept.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168071

ABSTRACT

Actualmente existen diferentes herramientas basadas en el enfoque de evaluación neuropsicológica de Luria, pero los datos empíricos sobre las poblaciones españolas son limitados. El objetivo principal de este estudio es revisar evidencias científicas sobre las propiedades psicométricas del Luria Diagnóstico Neuropsicológico de Adultos (Luria DNA). Este estudio agregativo revisa sistemáticamente 14 investigaciones científicas (artículos y tesis doctorales) utilizando la 'Luria DNA'. De acuerdo con esta revisión, la batería 'Luria DNA' permite detectar cambios neuropsicológicos en personas con diferentes tipos de patologías y discapacidad intelectual. Sin embargo, las evidencias normativas y clínicas son aún escasas. Se hacen necesarias futuras investigaciones para aclarar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de esta batería para discriminar entre personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo y personas cognitivamente sanas


Currently there are various tools based on Luria's neuropsychological assessment approach, but the empirical data on Spanish populations are limited. The main objective of this study is to review the scientific evidence on the psychometric properties of the Luria Spanish Battery for the Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Adults (Luria DNA). This aggregative study systematically reviews 14 scientific investigations (articles and doctoral dissertations) that use the Luria DNA. According to this review, the Luria DNA battery allows the detection of neuropsychological changes in people with different types of pathologies and intellectual disability. However, the normative evidence and clinical data are still scarce. Further investigations are needed in order to clarify the sensitivity and specificity of this battery in discriminating between older individuals with cognitive impairment and those that are cognitively healthy


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery/standards , Neuropsychology/methods , Psychometrics/methods , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Behavior Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Behavior Rating Scale/standards
10.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 17(2): 151-160, mayo-ago. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-163605

ABSTRACT

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of BI-AAQ (Body-Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire) and the body image psychological flexibility role as a mediator in a pervasive path towards binge eating in Brazilian samples. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in clinical (overweight or obese women currently in treatment for weight loss; n= 330) and non-clinical (general population; n= 682) groups of women. Results: BI-AAQ has one-factor structure, excellent internal consistency, ability to detect differences between groups and measurement invariance across samples. It was also negatively associated with self-compassion and positively associated with binge eating severity, drive for thinness and self-criticism. Conclusions: This study provides data confirming the robust psychometric properties of BI-AAQ in qualitatively different samples. Furthermore, an additional study conducted in a clinical sample of women with overweight or obesity revealed that body image psychological inflexibility has emerged as a partial and significant mediator of the effect of self-criticism and drive for thinness on binge eating severity (AU)


Antecedentes/Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las propiedades psicométricas del BI-AAQ (Body-Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire) y el papel mediador de la inflexibilidad psicológica relacionada con la imagen corporal en una trayectoria nociva hacia la ingesta compulsiva en muestras brasileñas. Método: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en grupos clínicos (mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad actualmente en tratamiento para la pérdida de peso; n= 330) y no clínicos (grupo de población general; n= 682) de mujeres. Resultados: BI-AAQ presenta la estructura de un factor, excelente consistencia interna, capacidad para detectar diferencias entre grupos e invariancia de medida entre diferentes muestras. Sus puntuaciones se asociaron negativamente con la autocompasión y positivamente con la severidad de la compulsión alimentaria, búsqueda de la delgadez y autocrítica. Conclusiones: Este estudio proporcionó datos que confirman que el BI-AAQ tiene propiedades psicométricas sólidas en muestras cualitativamente diferentes. Además, un estudio adicional efectuado en una muestra clínica de mujeres con sobrepeso u obesidad reveló que la inflexibilidad psicológica relacionada con la imagen corporal emergió como mediadora parcial y significativa del efecto de la autocrítica y de la búsqueda de la delgadez sobre la severidad de la compulsión alimentaria (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Body Image/psychology , Psychometrics/methods , Psychometrics/trends , Overweight/psychology , Obesity/psychology , Weight Loss/physiology , Psychometrics/organization & administration , Psychometrics/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Behavior Therapy/methods , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/organization & administration , Factor Analysis, Statistical
11.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 40(2): 221-236, mayo-ago. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-165872

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Validar cinco escalas, basadas en un marco teórico para la adopción de comportamientos, que fueron diseñadas para evaluar los factores implicados en el consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol (CEEA) en adolescentes, concretamente: actitud, influencia social (Modelo, Norma y Presión) y autoeficacia. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico. Mediante muestreo por conveniencia se incluyeron 397 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años escolarizados en institutos de Educación Secundaria de Sevilla y Huelva. Tras la traducción y revisión del instrumento por un panel de expertos se obtuvo un cuestionario en español que fue administrado a una muestra piloto para valorar la comprensibilidad y, posteriormente, los participantes completaron las cinco escalas para comprobar la validez estructural (análisis factorial y fiabilidad) y la validez de constructo. Resultados: En las cinco escalas, el primer factor explicó al menos el 28% de la varianza y la varianza total explicada fue siempre mayor que 60%. Tras la rotación, las cargas factoriales de los ítems fueron mayores a 0,40 para su factor de pertenencia. El alfa de Cronbach osciló desde 0,62 hasta 0,91. El coeficiente de Spearman fue menor a 0,7 al correlacionar las subdimensiones de las escalas, salvo en la escala de Autoeficacia, asumiendo multidimensionalidad con ciertas limitaciones. Conclusiones: Se presentan cinco escalas con indicios de fiabilidad y validez, cuyos ítems reflejan el marco teórico de referencia y que pueden evaluar los determinantes del CEEA. En el futuro se debería continuar con la validación para determinar su reproducibilidad, su validez de criterio con un 'gold estándar' o medida objetiva (AU)


Background: The aim of this study was to validate five scales, based on a theoretical framework for the adoption of behaviours, designed to assess the determinants in binge drinking in adolescents, namely: attitude, social influence (model, norm and pressure) and self-efficacy. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study. Through convenience sampling, 397 adolescents between 15 to 18 years old enrolled in secondary schools in Seville and Huelva were included. After translation and review of the original instrument by a panel of experts, a questionnaire was obtained in Spanish that was administered to a pilot sample to assess comprehensibility and, subsequently, the participants completed the five scales to check the structural validity (factor analysis and reliability) and construct validity. Results: On the five scales, the first factor explained at least 28% of the variance and the total variance explained was always greater than 60%. After rotation, all items had weights >0.40 for the factor to which they belonged. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.62 to 0.91. Spearman's coefficient was lower than 0.7 when correlating the sub-dimensions of the scales, except on the self-efficacy scale, assuming multidimensionality with certain limitations. Conclusions: Five scales are presented with indications of reliability and validity, their items reflect the theoretical frame of reference and can evaluate the determinants of binge drinking. In the future, validation could be continued to determine its reproducibility, its criterion validity with a 'gold standard' or objective measure (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Alcoholism/prevention & control , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Risk Factors , Self Efficacy , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Cross-Cultural Comparison
12.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 45(1): 21-31, ene.-feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-160114

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La capacidad inhibitoria se encuentra claramente alterada en personas dependientes del alcohol, asociándose a conductas que contribuyen al establecimiento de la dependencia y dificultando el mantenimiento de la abstinencia. Se dispone de tareas que evalúan la capacidad inhibitoria cuando un estímulo neutro desencadena la respuesta, como la tarea de la señal de stop, aunque no existe una prueba en castellano que incorpore la influencia de claves contextuales en la capacidad inhibitoria. La presencia de estímulos relacionados con el alcohol modifica la capacidad de inhibición conductual. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue traducir al castellano una tarea de señal de Stop Modificada que evaluara, además del control inhibitorio, el grado de interferencia que produciría la presencia de palabras relacionadas con el alcohol. Metodología. Se empleó la tarea de la señal de stop modificada, basada en un paradigma de decisión léxica rápida. Los estímulos empleados fueron traducidos de la tarea de Zack et al.1, en función de la frecuencia de uso en castellano, incluyendo palabras neutras, pseudopalabras y relacionadas con el alcohol. Se aplicó a 85 pacientes dependientes del alcohol, con 28 días de abstinencia mínimos y a un grupo control de 27 sujetos. Resultados. Los pacientes presentaron un peor rendimiento, teniendo menores demoras medias ante la señal de stop que el grupo control, ante palabras neutras y relacionadas con el alcohol. Conclusiones. Las personas dependientes del alcohol tienen menor capacidad de inhibición conductual, con influencia contextual significativa solo para los pacientes, que interfiere claramente dando lugar a conductas impulsivas


Introduction. Inhibitory control is clearly impaired in alcohol dependent individuals, being associated to the addiction process establishment and abstinence maintenance difficulties. Inhibitory control assessment tasks involving responses to neutral stimuli are available, although a Spanish version task including contextual cues influence on inhibition capacity has not been performed yet. Alcohol related stimuli can modify behavioural inhibition performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was the Spanish translation of a modified stop signal task that assessed inhibitory control, as well as the degree of interference produced by the presence of alcohol related words. Methodology. A modified stop signal reaction task, based on a fast lexical decision paradigm was employed. Stimuli used were translated from Zack et al.1, according to frequency of use in Spanish, including neutral words, pseudowords and alcohol-related words. Task was applied to 85 alcohol dependent patients, with a minimum of 28 days of abstinence and to 27 healthy participants constituting the control group. Results. Patients showed a poorer performance, with a lower stop signal mean delay comparing to control group, in presence of neutral and alcohol-related words. Conclusions. Alcohol dependent individuals exhibit a lower behavioural inhibition performance, added to a significant influence of contextual cues on the stop signal task, resulting in impulsive behaviour, only in the patients group


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Inhibition, Psychological , Alcoholism/psychology , Behavioral Research/methods , Behavior Observation Techniques/methods , Psychopathology/methods , Alcohol Abstinence/psychology , Patient Compliance/psychology , Behavior Therapy/methods , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Recurrence
13.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-159345

ABSTRACT

Equal employment opportunities for women are a legal requirement in many legal environments, including the United States (US) and European Union (EU) legislations. In this context, indirect discrimination in the access to jobs is an illegal practice. For this reason, personnel selection procedures must be fair for protected-by-law groups. Specifically, gender discrimination is the focus of research on employment interviews. This article presents a meta-analysis of gender differences in the scores in structured behavioral interviews (SBI). A database was created consisting of studies conducted with real candidates and employees. Psychometric meta-analysis methods were applied. The results showed that the SBI is fair for women and men and does not show evidence of adverse impact and indirect discrimination. Implications for the practice of personnel selection are discussed and future research is suggested (AU)


La igualdad de oportunidades laborales para la mujer es un requisito legal en muchos marcos legales, como la legislación de Estados Unidos o de la Unión Europea. En este contexto, la discriminación indirecta en el acceso al trabajo es una práctica ilegal. Este es el motivo por el que los procedimientos de selección de personal deben ser justos para los grupos protegidos por ley. En concreto, la discriminación de género es el centro de investigación en las entrevistas de empleo. Este artículo presenta un metaanálisis de las diferencias de género en las puntuaciones de las entrevistas conductuales estructuradas (ECE). Se elaboró una base de datos compuesta de estudios realizados con aspirantes y empleados reales, aplicándose métodos metaanalíticos psicométricos. Los resultados indican que la ECE es justa para mujeres y hombres, no habiendo señales de efectos negativos ni de discriminación indirecta. Se comentan las consecuencias para la práctica en selección de personal, a la vez que se recomienda la necesidad de investigación futura (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Personnel Selection/legislation & jurisprudence , Personnel Selection/methods , Interview, Psychological/methods , Social Discrimination/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Discrimination/psychology , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Behavioral Research/methods , Behavior Observation Techniques/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychometrics/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychometrics/standards , Psychology, Industrial/instrumentation , Psychology, Industrial/legislation & jurisprudence , Psychology, Industrial/methods
14.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-68125

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La fatiga es un problema frecuente tanto en adolescentes sanos como en los que padecen enfermedades agudas o crónicas. Los instrumentos diagnósticos disponibles de este síntoma son escasos, no existiendo ninguno adaptado o validado en castellano para población pediátrica. La escala de fatiga de 10 Ítems perteneciente al Banco de Ítems de Fatiga Pediátrica de PROMIS es un instrumento sencillo y fiable que evalúa el reporte de síntomas generales de fatiga que perjudican el normal funcionamiento y el desempeño diario. Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar la escala PROMIS Pediatric Short Form v1.0 Fatigue 10a (en lo adelante EPF-PROMIS) para adolescentes cubanos. Métodos: Se tomó como referente metodológico la Segunda Edición de las Directrices sobre la Traducción, Adaptación y Uso de los Tests propuestas por la Comisión Internacional de Tests. Se procedió de la manera siguiente: traducción directa e inversa, criterio de jueces para evaluar la calidad y pertinencia de la traducción para el contexto cubano, entrevista grupal a adolescentes y estudio piloto para detectar posibles dificultades, así como explorar la estructura y confiabilidad de la escala. En total se incluyeron 116 adolescentes de séptimo grado y 5 expertos. Resultados: La administración colectiva de la escala fue factible, fueron mínimas las manifestaciones de desagrado, malestar o aburrimiento y la escala resultó comprensible. El tiempo promedio necesario para responder todos los ítems fue de 4 minutos aproximadamente. No se detectaron errores de formato o de contenido. Se obtuvo un coeficiente alpha de Cronbach de 0.78, las correlaciones ítem-escala fueron superiores a .45. El análisis factorial exploratorio a través del método de Componentes Principales con rotación Varimax identificó 3 factores que explicaron el 62 por ciento de la varianza. Conclusiones: El presente estudio permitió...(AU)


Introduction: Fatigue is a frequent problem for both healthy adolescents and those who suffer from severe or chronic diseases. The available diagnostic instruments for this symptom are limited, being none of them adapted or validated in Spanish for the pediatric population. The fatigue scale of 10 items, which belongs to Pediatric Fatigue Bank of Items of PROMIS, is a simple and reliable instrument that assesses the report of general symptoms of fatigue which damage the normal functioning and daily work. Objective: Translate and adapt the PROMIS scale Pediatric Short Form v1.0- Fatigue 10a (from now on PFS-PROMIS) for Cuban adolescents. Methods: The Second Edition of Guidelines about Translation, Adaptation and Use of Tests proposed by the International Commission of Tests was taken as methodological referent. The following procedures were carried out: direct and inverse translation; judges criteria to assess quality and pertinence of the translation for the Cuban context; group interview to adolescents, and pilot study to detect possible difficulties; exploration of the structure and reliability of the scale. Altogether 116 adolescents from seventh grade and 5 experts were includedResults: The management of the scale collectively was feasible, signs of displeasure, discomfort or boredom were minimal, and the scale was understandable. The average time needed to answer all the items was about 4 minutes. There were no mistakes of format or content. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0. 78, item-scale correlations were higher than 45. The exploratory factorial analysis through the Main Components Method with Varimax rotation identified 3 factors which explained 62 percent of the variance. Conclusions: This study allowed having the Cuban version of the PFS–PROMIS to measure fatigue in the adolescent population, being the first stage in the validation of this...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Fatigue/epidemiology , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Psychology, Adolescent/standards , Cuba
15.
Prog. obstet. ginecol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(5): 283-287, sept.-oct. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163916

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analizar la aplicabilidad del modelo Dominancia, Influencia, Serenidad y Cumplimiento de comportamiento en el consejo anticonceptivo. Métodos: estudio piloto llevado a cabo con 294 profesionales sanitarios en el que, mediante ejercicios de rol play, se evaluó la capacidad de identificación del modelo Dominancia, Influencia, Serenidad y Cumplimiento de pacientes figuradas. Resultados: el 100% de los participantes pudo identificar, al menos un perfil comportamental, un 84% fue capaz de identificar dos, el 52,4% identificó tres y el 41% identificó los cuatro modelos de comportamiento presentados durante el ejercicio. El modelo Dominancia fue identificado por el 78% de los participantes en el estudio; el modelo Influencia por el 97%; el modelo Serenidad por el 81% y el modelo Cumplimiento por el 83%. Conclusiones: ser capaces de identificar los modelos de comportamiento Dominancia, Influencia, Serenidad y Cumplimiento y realizar un consejo anticonceptivo más acorde con las necesidades específicas de las personas, puede ayudar a mejorar la elección y tasa de continuidad del método (AU)


Objective: To assess the validity of the Dominance, Influence, Stability, Compliance system during contraceptive counselling. Methods: In this role-play-based pilot study, 294 healthcare providers tried to identify the Dominance, Influence, Stability, Compliance model in four imaginary patients. Results: All the participants were able to identify at least one of the Dominance, Influence, Stability, Compliance models, 84% identified two, 52.4% identified three and 41% identified all four different models. Model Dominance was recognized by 78% of participants, model Influence by 97%, model Stability by 81% and model Compliance by 83%. Conclusions: The ability to identify Dominance, Influence, Stability, Compliance behavioural models and provide contraceptive counselling according to the specific needs of individuals could help to improve the choice of contraceptive method and its continuity rate (AU)


Subject(s)
Health Councils , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Contraception/standards , Contraceptive Agents/therapeutic use , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Pilot Projects , Family Planning Services/standards
16.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 32(2): 75-85, ago. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-154285

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se estudia el papel de la entrevista conductual estructurada (ECE) en los procedimientos de selección del sector público, cuya legislación insta a comprobar si los procedimientos selectivos están vinculados con el desempeño y si se cumple el principio de igualdad de oportunidades entre sexos. Para ello se ha analizado en una muestra de 379 candidatos si existían diferencias de género en la puntuación de la entrevista. Por otro lado, se midió el desempeño de las 125 personas contratadas, lo que permitió estudiar la validez predictiva de la ECE. Los resultados son similares a los obtenidos por investigaciones precedentes -la ECE predice de manera significativa el desempeño y no produce impacto de género. Finalmente se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados (AU)


This paper studies the role of the structured behavioral interview (SBI) in the selection procedures of the public sector. The Spanish legislation calls on to examine whether selection procedures are linked to performance and whether the principle of equal opportunities regarding gender is respected. Hence, it was analyzed if there were gender differences in the interview scores in a sample of 379 candidates. Furthermore, performance of 125 hired subjects was assessed, allowing us to measure the predictive validity of the SBI. Results are similar to those obtained by previous research -SBIs are a significant predictor of performance and they do not produce adverse gender impact. Finally, implications of these results are discussed (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Interview, Psychological/methods , Behavior Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Interviews as Topic/methods , Role Playing , 16054/psychology , Work/psychology , Work/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Psychology, Industrial/methods , Psychology, Industrial/standards , Employment/psychology , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Job Application
17.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(11): 965-972, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762902

ABSTRACT

This study reviewed the use of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-symptoms and Normal-behaviors (SWAN) rating scale in diagnostic and evolutive approaches to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in correlational studies of the disorder. A review of articles published in indexed journals from electronic databases was conducted and 61 articles on the SWAN scale were analyzed. From these, 27 were selected to a) examine use of SWAN in research on attention disorders and b) verify evidence of its usefulness in the areas of genetics, neuropsychology, diagnostics, psychiatric comorbidities, neuroimaging, pharmacotherapy, and to examine its statistical reliability and validity in studies of diverse populations. This review of articles indicated a growing use of the SWAN scale for diagnostic purposes, for therapy, and in research on areas other than ADHD, especially when compared with other reliable scales. Use of the scale in ADHD diagnosis requires further statistical testing to define its psychometric properties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Symptom Assessment/methods , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics , Behavior Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Comorbidity , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Validation Studies as Topic
18.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 35(2): 385-397, 2014. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-182988

ABSTRACT

This paper describes how a Many FacetedRasch Measurement (MFRM)approachcan be applied to performance assessment focusing on rater analysis. The article provides an introduction to MFRM, a description of MFRManalysis procedures, and an example toillustrate how to examinethe effects of various sources of variability on test takers'performance on a writing test by means of aMFRManalysis. Results highlight the usefulness of the MFRM to detect raters that have extreme values on the severity continuum. MRFM provides a common metric for the facet scores(test takers, tasks, raters). This is advantageous becauseit facilitates understanding of the assessment process as well as providing objective measurement of facet elements


En este trabajo se describe cómo se puede aplicar el modelo Many FacetedRasch Measurement(MFRM) para analizar la evaluación del rendimiento mediante calificadores. El manuscrito presenta una introducción al modelo MFRM, una descripción de los procedimientos de análisis y un ejemplo para ilustrar cómo se analizan los efectos de diversos factores en el rendimiento de los examinados en un test de expresión escrita. Los resultados ilustran la utilidad del modelo para detectar los calificadores que presentan valores extremos en el continuo de severidad. El modelo MFRM aporta puntuaciones en una métrica común de los diversos elementos de las facetas integradas en el proceso de medición (examinados, tareas, calificadores). Esta integración aporta ventajas para comprender el marco de la evaluación


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychological Tests/standards , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Mental Status Schedule/standards , Handwriting , Task Performance and Analysis , Psychometrics/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical
19.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(supl.2): 36-44, nov. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151079

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: estudiar el equilibrio y la marcha mediante el test Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) en una población de personas ≥ 65 años, según edad, sexo, capacidad para desarrollar las actividades de la vida diaria, ejercicio físico, autopercepción de salud y, finalmente, el antecedente de caídas. Material y métodos: cohorte de 443 personas (262 mujeres y 181 varones), representativa de la población ≥ 65 años, residente en la comunidad y capacitada para la marcha, de la ciudad de Mataró. La valoración se realizó mediante el POMA con 22 ítems. Además, se valoraron las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria (índices de Katz y Lawton), la actividad física y la autopercepción de salud (test de Iowa). Resultados: el 29,3% no presentó anormalidades en los ítems del test, el 22,6% presentó 1 anormalidad, el 12,4% 2, y el 35,7% ≥ 3. Un 35,9 y un 50,2% de sujetos no presentaron anormalidades en el componente estático y dinámico, respectivamente. Las mujeres presentaron mayor frecuencia de anormalidades que los varones (el 42 frente al 20,6%), tanto para el global como para los componentes estático y dinámico (p < 0,0001). Con la edad aumentó significativamente el número de anormalidades, especialmente a partir de los 75 años (p < 0,0001). Un mayor número de errores se correlacionó significativamente con menor independencia para las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria, menor actividad física, peor autopercepción de salud y caídas previas (AU)


Objectives: to study the balance and the gait by the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) in the population of people ≥ 65 years in function of age, gender; relation with the capacity to develop the activities of daily living, physical exercise, perception of health and previous falls. Material and methods: We study a cohort of 443 people, 262 women and 181 men, representative of the population ≥ 65 years, resident in the community and able to walk from the city of Mataró. The evaluation was made with the 22 items POMA. Basic and instrumental activities of the daily life (Katz Index and Lawton), physical activity, health perception (Iowa test) were also assessed. Results: 29.3% of subjects did not present abnormalities in any of the items, 22.6% presented one abnormality, 12.4% two, and 35.7% three or more. 35.9% and 50.2 of subjects did not present abnormalities in the static and dynamic components respectively. Women had greater number of abnormalities than men (42.0% vs 20.6%) for the global and also for each of the two components (static and dynamic) (p < 0.0001). The number of abnormalities increased significantly with age, specially on those 75 years and older (p < 0.0001). A greater number of errors was correlated with less independence on the basic and instrumental activities of daily living, with less physical activity, health perception and with antecedents of previous falls (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Geriatrics/education , Geriatrics/ethics , Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Exercise/physiology , Behavior Rating Scale/standards , Lower Extremity/physiology , Chronic Disease/classification , Neurology/education , Neurology/ethics , Geriatrics , Geriatrics/methods , Accidental Falls/mortality , Exercise/psychology , Behavior Rating Scale , Lower Extremity/pathology , Chronic Disease/mortality , Neurology/classification , Neurology/methods
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