Advanced repair of recurrent and low-large hysterotomy defects using a myometrial glide flap.

BACKGROUND: The resolution of factors linked to the recurrence of cesarean section defects can be accomplished through a comprehensive technique that effectively addresses the dehiscent area, eliminates associated intraluminal fibrosis, and establishes a vascularized anterior wall by creating a sliding myometrial flap. OBJECTIVE: Propose a comprehensive surgical repair for recurrent and large low hysterotomy defects in women seeking pregnancy or recurrent spotting. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis included 54 patients aged 25-41 with recurrent large cesarean scar defects treated at Otamendi, CEMIC, and Valle de Lili hospitals. Comprehensive surgical repair was performed by suprapubic laparotomy, involving a wide opening of the vesicouterine space, removal of the dehiscent cesarean scar and all intrauterine abnormal fibrous tissues, using a glide myometrial flap, and intramyometrial injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma. Qualitative variables were determined, and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data in absolute frequencies or percentages. The data obtained were processed using the InfostatTM statistic program. RESULTS: Following the repair, all women experienced normal menstrual cycles and demonstrated an adequate lower uterine segment thickness, with no evidence of healing defects. All patients experienced early ambulation and were discharged within 24 h. Uterine hemostasis was achieved at specific points, minimizing the use of electrocautery. The standard duration of the procedure was 60 min (skin-to-skin), and the average bleeding was 80-100 ml. No perioperative complications were recorded. A control T2-weighted MRI was performed six months after surgery. All patients displayed a clean, unobstructed endometrial cavity with a thick anterior wall (Median: 14.98 mm, IQR 13-17). Twelve patients became pregnant again, all delivered by cesarean between 36.1 and 38.0 weeks, with a mean of 37.17 weeks. The thickness of the uterine segment before cesarean ranged between 3 and 7 mm, with a mean of 3.91 mm. No cases of placenta previa, dehiscence, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), or postpartum hemorrhage were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive repair of recurrent low-large defects offers a holistic solution for addressing recurrent hysterotomy defects. Innovative repair concepts effectively address the wound defect and associated fibrosis, ensuring an appropriate myometrial thickness through a gliding myometrial flap.

An Innovative Approach to Classifying and Treating Axillary Scar Contracture.

BACKGROUND: Axillary cicatricial contracture is a debilitating condition that can greatly impair shoulder joint function. Therefore, timely correction of this condition is imperative. In light of Ogawa's prior classification of axillary cicatricial contracture deformities, we have proposed a novel classification system and reconstruction principles based on a decade of treatment experience. Our proposed system offers a more comprehensive approach to correcting axillary cicatricial contracture deformities and aims to improve patient outcomes. METHODS: Our study included 196 patients with a total of 223 axillary cicatricial contracture deformities. The range of shoulder abduction varied between 10 and 120 degrees. Our treatment approach included various methods such as the lateral thoracic flap, transverse scapular artery flap, cervical superficial artery flap, medial upper arm flap, latissimus dorsi flap, Z-shape modification, and the use of local flaps combined with skin grafting. After 2 weeks, the sutures were removed, and patients were instructed to start functional exercises. To categorize the deformities, we divided them into 2 types: axillary-adjacent region cicatricial contracture (type I) and extended area contracture (type II). RESULTS: For each subtype, a specific treatment method was chosen based on a designed algorithm decision tree. Out of the total cases, 133 patients underwent treatment with various types of local flaps, including Z-plasty, whereas 63 patients received treatment involving skin grafting and different types of local flaps. At the time of discharge, the abduction angle of the shoulder joint ranged from 80 to 120 degrees. Among the 131 patients who were followed up, 108 of them adhered to a regimen of horizontal bar exercises. After a 1-year follow-up period, the abduction angle of the shoulder joint had significantly improved to a range of 110-180 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: We have proposed a novel classification method for the correction of axillary cicatricial contracture deformity. This approach involves utilizing distinct correction strategies, in conjunction with postoperative functional exercise, to ensure the effectiveness of axillary reconstruction.

The Art of Local Tissue Rearrangements in Burn Reconstruction: Z-Plasty and More.

In recent decades, advances in surgical anatomy, burn pathophysiology, surgical techniques, and laser therapy have led to a paradigm shift in how we approach burn scars and contractures. Scar excision and replacement with uninjured tissue, which predominated burn scar treatment for much of the 20th century, is no longer appropriate in many patients. A scar's intrinsic ability to remodel can be induced by reducing tension on the scar using various techniques for local tissue rearrangement. Often in combination with laser therapy, local flaps can optimally camouflage a burn scar with adjacent normal tissue and restore a patient more closely to their preinjury condition.

Management of the Sequelae of Skin Grafting: Pruritis, Folliculitis, Pigmentation Changes, and More.

Scars commonly give rise to unpredictable, potentially irritating, cutaneous complications including pruritis, folliculitis, and pigment changes. These problems can be self-limiting and are prevalent in many burn cases, although their expression varies among individuals. A better understanding of the presentation, risk factors, and pathophysiology of these long-term sequelae allows for more comprehensive care of burn survivors.

A novel surgical correction using a combination of wave-like incision and Z-axis Z-plasty for congenital constriction band syndrome.

BACKGROUND: A congenital constriction band (CCB) is a relatively common anomaly among limb malformations. However, the number of cases treated at a given center is limited and differences in techniques used by surgeons at each facility have a significant impact on the treatment outcomes. Several surgical methods have been reported, but a standard technique that yields consistent satisfactory results is still needed. Here, we introduce a novel technique for the treatment of CCB syndrome that uses a combination of wave-like skin incision and Z-axis Z-plasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A wave-like incision was used for skin incision with the goals of achieving an accordion effect and a less noticeable post-operative scar. After the fibrous constriction band was completely excised, a Z-plasty of sufficient size in the Z-axis direction was performed on the dermis-inclusive adipose tissue. For over 10 years, this technique was applied to 11 sites in 6 patients. A retrospective study of the characteristics of these cases was performed, including age at surgery, gender, type of deformity, degree of constriction, types of examination, number of surgeries, and post-operative outcomes. RESULTS: In all patients, a normal contour of the limbs was achieved and the hourglass-like deformity caused by the constriction band was satisfactorily improved. No additional corrective surgeries were needed, there was no abnormal growth of the treated limbs, and scarring was aesthetically acceptable in all cases. CONCLUSION: The novel technique described here uses deep subcutaneous fat to correct the hourglass-like deformity and restores a normal limb contour, while the wave-like skin incision minimizes post-operative scarring.

Surgical treatment and reproductive outcomes in caesarean scar pregnancy at a single center.

BACKGROUND: To investigate factors associated with different reproductive outcomes in patients with Caesarean scar pregnancies (CSPs). METHODS: Between May 2017 and July 2022, 549 patients underwent ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration and laparoscopic scar repair at the Gynaecology Department of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration was performed in patients with type I and II CSPs, and laparoscopic scar repair was performed in patients with type III CSP. The reproductive outcomes of 100 patients with fertility needs were followed up and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Of 100 patients, 43% had live births (43/100), 19% had abortions (19/100), 38% had secondary infertility (38/100), 15% had recurrent CSPs (RCSPs) (15/100). The reproductive outcomes of patients with CSPs after surgical treatment were not correlated with age, body mass index, time of gestation, yields, abortions, Caesarean sections, length of hospital stay, weeks of menopause during treatment, maximum diameter of the gestational sac, thickness of the remaining muscle layer of the uterine scar, type of CSP, surgical method, uterine artery embolisation during treatment, major bleeding, or presence of uterine adhesions after surgery. Abortion after treatment was the only risk factor affecting RCSPs (odds ratio 11.25, 95% confidence interval, 3.302-38.325; P < 0.01) and it had a certain predictive value for RCSP occurrence (area under the curve, 0.741). CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence probability of CSPs was low, and women with childbearing intentions after CSPs should be encouraged to become pregnant again. Abortion after CSP is a risk factor for RCSP. No significant difference in reproductive outcomes was observed between the patients who underwent ultrasound-guided uterine aspiration and those who underwent laparoscopic scar repair for CSP.

The Development and Management of Neck Burn Scar Contracture Recurrence: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: Burn neck contractures pose a great challenge for reconstructive surgeons. A paucity of literature exist regarding long-term outcomes based on different surgical management strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the treatment of neck burn scar contractures and evaluate surgical strategies according to their long-term effectiveness and associated complications. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to review outcomes of neck contractures release after burn injury. All patients operated on between January 2009 and February 2023 at a single institution were included. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients developed neck burn scar contracture and were included in this study. The mean age was 32.9 ± 20.3 years. The burn injuries were most commonly thermal (n = 19, 95%). All burn injuries were full-thickness burns, with an average neck defect size of 130.5 ± 106.0 cm2. Overall, 45 surgical scar release procedures were performed on the 20 patients who developed a neck contracture. Patients underwent 1.65 ± 1.04 surgeries on average to address neck contracture. Although 25% of patients only received 1 surgery to treat neck contracture, some patients underwent as many as 8 surgeries. Contracture recurrence (CR) was the most common complication and occurred in 28.9% of the cases. The mean percentage total body surface area did not significantly differ in CR patients (26.7% ± 14.9%) and no-CR patients (44.5% ± 30.2%). However, there was a significant difference (P = 0.01) in the average neck defect size between CR patients (198.5 ± 108.3 cm2) and no-CR patients (81.1 ± 75.1 cm2). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that risk factors for initial burn scar contractures may differ from those associated with CR, highlighting the importance of neck defect size as a predictor. The study also examines various surgical approaches, with Z-plasty showing promise for managing CR. However, the absence of data on neck range of motion is a limitation. This research underscores the complexity of managing CR and emphasizes the need for ongoing postoperative monitoring.

Minimally invasive burn reconstruction with subcutaneous scar contracture release.

BACKGROUND: Scar contracture bands after burns are frequent problems that cause discomfort and physical limitation. This study investigates the efficacy of a minimally invasive contracture band release technique (MICBR) inspired by closed platysmotomy. METHODS: Patients with burn scars treated with MICBR in our center were included retrospectively. Our routine scar and contracture treatments (non-invasive and invasive) were utilized prior to undergoing MICBR. Range of motion (ROM) and Vancouver Scar Scale was measured before and after the procedure when feasible. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were included, with 97 total contracture sites treated all over the body. An average of 1.6 sites were treated per patient, with a maximum of six. Patients age was 6-68 years; total burn surface area ranged from 0.5% to 85%. 24% were performed under local anesthesia. 84% were in originally skin grafted areas. We found significant improvements in ROM and VSS. 84% of patients surveyed were "satisfied" or "very satisfied". 95% reported improved mobility. No significant adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: This MICBR technique is a versatile, safe, and well-tolerated adjunct procedure that can help patients regain mobility after a burn injury.

Meta-analysis comparing different ultrasound detection methods to accurately assess wound healing and scar formation after caesarean section.

The accurate assessment of wound healing post-caesarean section, especially in twin pregnancies, remains a pivotal concern in obstetrics, given its implications for maternal health and recovery. Traditional methods, including conventional abdominal ultrasonography (CU), have been challenged by the advent of transvaginal ultrasonography (TU), offering potentially enhanced sensitivity and specificity. This meta-analysis directly compares the efficacy of TU and CU in evaluating wound healing and scar formation, crucial for optimizing postoperative care. Results indicate that TU is associated with significantly better outcomes in wound healing, demonstrated by lower REEDA scores (SMD = -20.56, 95% CI: [-27.34.20, -13.77], p < 0.01), and in scar formation reduction, evidenced by lower Manchester Scar Scale scores (SMD = -25.18, 95% CI: [-29.98, -20.39], p < 0.01). These findings underscore the potential of integrating TU into routine post-caesarean evaluation protocols to enhance care quality and patient recovery.

[Application of antibiotic bone cement-coated plates internal fixation for primary treating Gustilo type â ¢B tibiofibular open fracture].

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of using antibiotic bone cement-coated plates internal fixation technology as a primary treatment for Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures. Methods: The clinical data of 24 patients with Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures who were admitted between January 2018 and December 2021 and met the selection criteria was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 18 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 65 years with an average age of 45.8 years. There were 3 cases of proximal tibial fracture, 6 cases of middle tibial fracture, 15 cases of distal tibial fracture, and 21 cases of fibular fracture. The time from injury to emergency surgery ranged from 3 to 12 hours, with an average of 5.3 hours. All patients had soft tissue defects ranging from 10 cm×5 cm to 32 cm×15 cm. The time from injury to skin flap transplantation for wound coverage ranged from 1 to 7 days, with an average of 4.1 days, and the size of skin flap ranged from 10 cm×5 cm to 33 cm×15 cm. Ten patients had bone defects with length of 2-12 cm (mean, 7.1 cm). After emergency debridement, the tibial fracture end was fixed with antibiotic bone cement-coated plates, and the bone defect area was filled with antibiotic bone cement. Within 7 days, the wound was covered with a free flap, and the bone cement was replaced while performing definitive internal fixation of the fracture. In 10 patients with bone defect, all the bone cement was removed and the bone defect area was grafted after 7-32 weeks (mean, 11.8 weeks). The flap survival, wound healing of the affected limb, complications, and bone healing were observed after operation, and the quality of life was evaluated according to the short-form 36 health survey scale (SF-36 scale) [including physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores] at 1 month, 6 months after operation, and at last follow-up. Results: All 24 patients were followed up 14-38 months (mean, 21.6 months). All the affected limbs were successfully salvaged and all the transplanted flaps survived. One case had scar hyperplasia in the flap donor site, and 1 case had hypoesthesia (grade S3) of the skin around the scar. There were 2 cases of infection in the recipient area of the leg, one of which was superficial infection after primary flap transplantation and healed after debridement, and the other was sinus formation after secondary bone grafting and was debrided again 3 months later and treated with Ilizarov osteotomy, and healed 8 months later. The bone healing time of the remaining 23 patients ranged from 4 to 9 months, with an average of 6.1 months. The scores of PCS were 44.4±6.5, 68.3±8.3, 80.4±6.9, and the scores of MCS were 59.2±8.2, 79.5±7.8, 90.0±6.6 at 1 month, 6 months after operation, and at last follow-up, respectively. The differences were significant between different time points ( P<0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotic bone cement-coated plates internal fixation can be used in the primary treatment of Gustilo type ⅢB tibiofibular open fractures, and has the advantages of reduce the risk of infection in fracture fixation, reducing complications, and accelerating the functional recovery of patients.

Surgical Excision of Burn Wounds.

Burn injuries affect patients of all ages, and timely surgical debridement and excision commence to protect dermal vascularity and integrity, improve healing, and minimize scarring. Several tools may be used for burn wound excision, which is performed either tangentially or down to muscular fascia. Once wounds are optimized from a tissue viability and healing standpoint, coverage may be obtained through grafts or secondary intention healing for more superficial injuries. A collaborative team of plastic and general surgeons, anesthesiologists, nutritionists, and therapists can provide improved patient care throughout the perioperative period, leading to improvements in overall patient morbidity and mortality.

Efficacy and safety of 1064-nm fractional picosecond laser for the treatment of postmastectomy scars in transgender men: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Subcutaneous mastectomy is a crucial component of gender affirmation therapy for transgender men (TM), but the scars that result from this procedure can frequently impair their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 1064-nm fractional picosecond laser (FxPico) treatment for hypertrophic and atrophic postmastectomy scars in TM. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with a total of 35 pairs of bilateral symmetric mastectomy scars were enrolled. One of each pair of symmetric scars was randomly assigned to receive four FxPico treatments at 4-week intervals. All scars were evaluated using the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) and three-dimensional imaging for scar roughness, melanin index, and hemoglobin index before each treatment session and at 1, 3, and 6 months following the last treatment. Additionally, participant-rated scar satisfaction (PSS) and scar improvement (Global Assessment Score, GAS), as well as adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: During the 6-month follow-up period after the end of laser treatment sessions, the treated scars showed significant reductions in the mVSS compared to the untreated controls (p < 0.001), whereas the melanin index and hemoglobin index were not significantly different. Subgroup analysis of hypertrophic scars demonstrated statistically significant reductions in mVSS at 1 (p = 0.003) and 3 months (p = 0.041) after the end of laser treatments. PSS was significantly higher on the laser-treated scars than the controls (p = 0.008), and a participant-rated GAS of 2.95 ± 0.65 was found. There were no serious adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS: 1064-nm FxPico could be utilized to treat mastectomy scars among TM, particularly the hypertrophic type.

Spontaneous second trimester rupture of a previous caesarean section scar: A case report.

Spontaneous uterine rupture before the onset of labour is rare in pregnancy especially before the third trimester. It is life threatening with devastating consequences to the mother and fetus. We report a case of spontaneous second trimester uterine rupture in a multipara with a previous uterine scar with the aim of creating awareness and sharing the challenges in diagnosis and management of this unusual complication of pregnancy. A 34-year-old woman with two previous deliveries presented at 16 weeks gestation with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding of one day duration. At presentation, she was pale and in shock. There was generalized abdominal tenderness with guarding and rebound tenderness. At laparotomy, there was uterine rupture involving the lower segment with right lateral upward extension which was repaired. She remained stable at the follow up visit. In conclusion, Spontaneous uterine rupture of a previous caesarean section scar in the second trimester is rare. The diagnosis should be considered in a woman with previous caesarean section who experience an acute abdomen in the second trimester of pregnancy.

La rupture utérine spontanée avant le début du travail est rare pendant la grossesse, surtout avant le troisième trimestre. Elle met la vie en danger et entraîne des conséquences dévastatrices pour la mère et le fœtus. Nous rapportons un cas de rupture utérine spontanée au deuxième trimestre chez une multipare présentant une cicatrice utérine antérieure dans le but de sensibiliser et de partager les défis du diagnostic et de la prise en charge de cette complication inhabituelle de la grossesse. Une femme de 34 ans ayant déjà accouché deux fois s'est présentée à 16 semaines de gestation avec des douleurs abdominales et des saignements vaginaux d'une durée d'un jour. Lors de la présentation, elle était pâle et sous le choc. Il y avait une sensibilité abdominale généralisée avec une sensibilité de garde et de rebond. Lors de la laparotomie, il y a eu une rupture utérine impliquant le segment inférieur avec extension latérale droite vers le haut qui a été réparée. Elle est restée stable lors de la visite de suivi. En conclusion, la rupture utérine spontanée d'une cicatrice de césarienne antérieure au deuxième trimestre est rare. Le diagnostic doit être envisagé chez une femme ayant déjà subi une césarienne et présentant un abdomen aigu au cours du deuxième trimestre de la grossesse.

Comparative Analysis of Ultrasound-Assisted Precise Localization vs. Traditional Open Incision in Situ Decompression for the Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome.

AIM: To retrospectively analyze and compare ultrasound-assisted localization in situ with the traditional, open incision method for treating cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients treated between 2018 and 2022 and categorized them according to treatment method: ultrasound-assisted precise localization in situ decompression (n=21; Cohort 1) and traditional open incision in situ decompression (n=30; Cohort 2). We additionally collected Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores, modified Bishop scores, aesthetic appearance, preoperative Dellon's stage, and analgesics requirements. Additional dependent variables of interest included operation time, hospital stay duration, complications, and reoperation rate. RESULTS: Neither cohort demonstrated significant changes in Dellon's stage, modified Bishop score, or VAS scores between baseline and 6 weeks postoperative. Cohort 1 showed better aesthetics and postoperative VSS and VAS scores than Cohort 1. In addition, Cohort 1 enjoyed a significantly shorter mean operation time and hospital stay. Cohort 1 had 5 (23.80%) complications, including superficial infection (n=1), hematoma (n=1), and incomplete decompression (n=3). Cohort 2 had 9 complications (30.00%), including superficial infection (n=2), hematoma (n=2), and severe scarring (n=5). The partial, incomplete decompression cases in Cohort 1 and the severe scar case in Cohort 2 were treated with reoperation. CONCLUSION: Both procedures effectively treated most cases of CuTS and were associated with good postoperative outcomes. Patients who underwent ultrasound-assisted localization in situ decompression had shorter surgeries and hospital stays, better postoperative aesthetics, better VSS and VAS scores, and required less pain medication during the postoperative period. Traditional open incision in situ produced a more thorough decompression.

Assessing the Effect of Enzymatic Debridement on the Scar Quality in Partial-Thickness Burns to Deep Dermal Burns of the Hand: A Long-Term Evaluation.

Background and Objectives: Burn surgery on the hands is a difficult procedure due to the complex anatomy and fragility of the area. Enzymatic debridement has been shown to effectively remove burn eschar while minimizing damage to the surrounding tissue and has therefore become a standard procedure in many burn centers worldwide over the past decade. However, surprisingly, our recent literature review showed limited valid data on the long-term scarring after the enzymatic debridement of the hands. Therefore, we decided to present our study on this topic to fill this gap. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed partial-thickness to deep dermal burns on the hands that had undergone enzymatic debridement at least 12 months prior. Objective measures, like flexibility, trans-epidermal water loss, erythema, pigmentation, and microcirculation, were recorded and compared intraindividually to the uninjured skin in the same area of the other hand to assess the regenerative potential of the skin after EDNX. The subjective scar quality was evaluated using the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS), the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and the "Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand" (DASH) questionnaire and compared interindividually to a control group of 15 patients who had received traditional surgical debridement for hand burns of the same depth. Results: Between January 2014 and December 2015, 31 hand burns in 28 male and 3 female patients were treated with enzymatic debridement. After 12 months, the treated wounds showed no significant differences compared to the untreated skin in terms of flexibility, trans-epidermal water loss, pigmentation, and skin surface. However, the treated wounds still exhibited significantly increased blood circulation and erythema compared to the untreated areas. In comparison to the control group who received traditional surgical debridement, scarring was rated as significantly superior. Conclusions: In summary, it can be concluded that the objective skin quality following enzymatic debridement is comparable to that of healthy skin after 12 months and subjectively fares better than that after tangential excision. This confirms the superiority of enzymatic debridement in the treatment of deep dermal burns of the hand and solidifies its position as the gold standard.

[Clinical diagnosis and treatment of 14 cases of scar cancer ulcer wound on head and face].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of scar cancer ulcer wound of head and face, and to investigate its diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The clinical data of 14 patients with head and facial scar cancer ulcer wounds who met the selection criteria and admitted between January 2021 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 8 males and 6 females. The age of onset ranged from 21 to 81 years with an average age of 61.6 years. The incubation period ranged from 1 month to 70 years, with a median of 4 years. Site of the disease included 7 cases of head, 6 cases of maxillofacial region, and 1 case of neck region. Injury factors included trauma in 5 cases, scratch in 5 cases, scalding in 2 cases, burn in 1 case, and needle puncture in 1 case. Pathological results showed squamous cell carcinoma in 9 cases, basal cell carcinoma in 3 cases, sebaceous adenocarcinoma in 1 case, papillary sweat duct cystadenoma combined with tubular apocrine sweat gland adenoma in 1 case. There was 1 case of simple extensive tumor resection, 1 case of extensive tumor resection and skin grafting repair, 7 cases of extensive tumor resection and local flap repair, and 5 cases of extensive tumor resection and free flap repair. Results: All the 14 patients were followed up 16-33 months (mean, 27.8 months). Two patients (14.29%) had scar cancer ulcer wound recurrence, of which 1 patient recurred at 2 years after 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy, and was still alive after oral traditional Chinese medicine treatment. One patient relapsed at 1 year after operation and died after 2 courses of chemotherapy. One patient underwent extensive resection of the left eye and periocular tumor and the transfer and repair of the chimaeric muscle axial flap with the perforating branch of the descending branch of the left lateral circumflex femoral artery, but the incision healing was poor after operation, and healed well after anti-infection and debridement suture. The wounds of other patients with scar cancer ulcer did not recur, and the wounds healed well. Conclusion: Scar cancer ulcer wound of the head and face is common in the middle-aged and elderly male, and the main pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma. Local extensive resection, skin grafting, or flap transfer repair are the main treatment methods. Early active treatment of wounds after various injuries to avoid scar repeated rupture and infection is the foundamental prevention of scar cancer.

[Clinical effects of flaps or myocutaneous flaps transplantation after titanium mesh-retaining debridement in repairing the wounds with exposed titanium mesh after cranioplasty].

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of flaps or myocutaneous flaps transplantation after debridement to repair the wounds with exposed titanium mesh after cranioplasty on the premise of retaining the titanium mesh. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study. From February 2017 to October 2022, 22 patients with titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Plastic, Aesthetic & Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, including 15 males and 7 females, aged from 19 to 68 years. After admission, treatments such as bacterial culture of wound exudate sample, anti-infection, and dressing change were carried out. Thorough surgical debridement was performed when the wound improved, and the wound area was 3.0 cm×2.0 cm to 11.0 cm×8.0 cm after debridement. The wound was repaired with local flaps, expanded flaps, or free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps according to the size, location, severity of infection, and surrounding tissue condition of the wounds, and the areas of flaps or myocutaneous flaps were 5.5 cm×4.0 cm to 18.0 cm×15.0 cm. The donor areas of flaps were sutured directly or repaired by split-thickness skin grafts from head. The wound repair method was recorded. The survivals of flaps or myocutaneous flaps after surgery and wound healing in 2 weeks after surgery were recorded. During postoperative follow-up, recurrence of infection or titanium mesh exposure in the implanted area of titanium mesh was observed; the head shapes of patients, scar formation of the operative incision, and baldness were observed. At the last follow-up, the satisfaction of patients with the treatment effect (dividing into three levels: satisfied, basically satisfied, and dissatisfied) was evaluated. The total treatment costs of patients during their hospitalization were calculated. Results: The wounds in 11 cases were repaired with local flaps, the wounds in 5 cases were repaired with expanded flaps, and the wounds in 6 cases were repaired with free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. All flaps or myocutaneous flaps survived completely after surgery, and all wounds healed well in 2 weeks after surgery. Follow up for 6 to 48 months after operation, only one patient with local flap grafting experienced a recurrence of infection in the titanium mesh implanted area at more than one month after surgery, and the titanium mesh was removed because of ineffective treatment. Except for one patient who had a local depression in the head after removing the titanium mesh, the rest of the patients had a full head shape. Except for myocutaneous flap grafting areas in 6 cases and skin grafting area in 1 case with local flaps grafting had no hair growth, the other patients had no baldness. All the scars in surgical incision were concealed. At the last follow-up, 19 cases were satisfied with the treatment effects, 2 cases were basically satisfied, and 1 case was dissatisfied. The total treatment cost for patients in this group during hospitalization was 11 764-36 452 (22 304±6 955) yuan. Conclusions: For patients with titanium mesh exposure after cranioplasty, on the premise of adequate preoperative preparation and thorough debridement, the wound can be repaired with appropriate flaps or myocutaneous flaps according to the wound condition. The surgery can preserve all or part of the titanium mesh. The postoperative wound healing is good and the recurrence of infection or titanium mesh exposure in the titanium mesh implanted area is reduced, leading to good head shape, reduced surgical frequency, and decreased treatment costs.

Adipose perforator flaps without skin donor site: "in between" single scar approach for reconstruction of small peripheral breast defects after lumpectomy.

In breast conserving surgery, the reconstruction of defects in small breasts where volume displacement techniques are not feasible can be challenging. In contrast, patients with bigger breasts may not wish to undergo major breast remodeling surgery or breast symmetrization procedures. In such cases, volume replacement techniques can be beneficial, but these leave additional scars and are time consuming. The authors propose an "in between" single scar approach to perform both lumpectomy and reconstruction of small peripheral breast tumors. This approach reduces morbidity and operating time compared with standard volume replacement techniques. The tumors are resected from below, guided by wire, using an incision in the lateral breast crease or inframammary fold, depending on their location. The same incision is used to raise an adipose or adipofascial flap based on perimammary perforators, lateral thoracic artery perforator flap (LTAP), lateral intercostal artery perforator flap (LICAP), or anterior intercostal artery perforator flaps (AICAP) flaps, without skin donor site. Between March and November 2022, eight patients underwent this procedure. In four cases LICAP flap was used; in three-AICAP flap was chosen; and in one-LTAP perforator flap was used. Clear surgical margins were achieved in all cases. The average follow-up time was 9.9 months, during which no local recurrences were detected. All flaps survived. Two patients experienced seromas at the donor site, and an organized hematoma was also reported. This approach represents a viable alternative to volume displacement techniques or no reconstruction for small peripheral lumpectomy defects.

Effectiveness of SCAR-Q for assessment of incisional SCAR after implant-based reconstruction in breast cancer patients: Can it be a tool for incision selection?

Incisional scarring is a factor of cosmetic appearance evaluated after breast reconstruction, along with the shape, position, and size of the breast. This study aimed to examine the effect of the incision scar location on patient satisfaction after breast reconstruction. Using the Japanese version of the SCAR-Q, we assessed the scar appearance, symptoms and psychosocial effects. Plastic surgeons performed assessments using the Manchester Scar Scale. The patients were divided into two groups: those with scars on the margins of the breast (MB group) and those with scars in the breast area (IB group). The results revealed that patients in the MB group reported significantly higher satisfaction with the scar appearance and psychological impact than those in the IB group. However, assessments using the Manchester Scar Scale did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of patient-reported outcomes in the evaluation of scar satisfaction after breast reconstruction. Patients tend to prefer and have higher satisfaction with scars along the breast margin, which offers valuable insights into surgical decisions. Further studies with larger and more diverse sample sizes are required for validation.

[Clinical effect of superior oblique re-tucking for recurrent or residual compensatory head position].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of re-tucking the superior oblique muscle on recurrent or residual compensatory head position. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. 12 recurrent or residual compensatory head position patients (12 eyes) with congenital superior oblique palsy who underwent superior oblique re-tucking in Tianjin Eye Hospital from March 2015 to February 2021 were included. All patients had a history of superior oblique tucking procedure and showed signs of superior oblique muscle palsy without inferior oblique muscle overaction. During surgery, the Guyton forced duction test is used to evaluate the relaxation of the superior oblique muscle tendon, which affects the re-tucking length of the muscle.Their head position, vertical deviation, eye movement, fovea-disa angle, and Bielschowsky head tilt test were assessed pre-and post-surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using ttest and paired samples Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Out of the 12 patients, 8 were male and 4 were female, aged between 2 and 9 years. The initial surgery was done at age 6, with a superior oblique recession length of (7.17±1.03) mm. Recurrent head tilt occurred in 11 patients after (3.82±0.98) months postoperatively, and 1 patient had residual head tilt, with a followup period of six months or more. Ocular motility examination revealed underaction of the superior oblique muscle, positive Bielschowsky's head tilt test, and Guyton forced duction tese indicating relaxation of the paralyzed superior oblique muscle tendon. Scar adhesion was observed at the stop of the superior oblique muscle, as well as the previous sutures. The scar and the sutures around the stop of the superior oblique muscle were released, the mean re-tucking amount was(7.83±1.59)mm. Follow-up at 12 to 18 months postoperatively showed disappearance of compensatory head position, significant improvement in superior oblique muscle lag, normal ocular motility, and no occurrence of Brown syndrome. The results of Bielschowsky head tilt were negative in 9 cases and still positive in 3 cases after superior oblique re-tucking. The primary vertical deviation was 2.5 (2.0, 5.3) prism diopter pre-operatively and 1 (0, 1) prism diopter post-operatively, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (U=6.00, P<0.001). The total amount of FDA in both eyes was (-22.04±5.47)° and (-15.27±6.08)° pre-and post-operatively, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (t=2.87, P=0.009). All 12 patients have normal eye movement after superior oblique re-tucking procedure. All patients had no compensatory head position at last follow-up. Conclusions: Superior oblique re-tucking is suitable for patients with relaxation of the superior oblique muscle tendon and extrocular rotation as the main sign. It can effectively and safely correct the recurrent or residual compensatory head position after re-tucking the superior oblique muscle.