Potential incompatibility of inherited behavior patterns with civilization: Implications for Fermi paradox.

All intelligent organisms presumably originally have a number of inherited behavior patterns (IBPs) that are not fine-tuned for conditions prevailing in civilized communities. Indeed, some IBPs may be highly incompatible with such conditions and have high potential to induce self-destruction. These patterns may include responses of social organisms seeking power over conspecifics in relation to harvesting and consuming energy. It is possible that all emerging civilizations could face problems associated with incompatible IBPs, which may partially explain why civilizations are apparently rare (since we have not detected any others in our galaxy).

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and geographic contexts of civilized villages in China.

Rural civilization is the soul of rural revitalization strategies. As a booster of rural civilization, the civilized village is an indispensable force to promote the modernization of rural areas, in the meanwhile, the study of its spatial distribution has important theoretical significance and practical value in deepening the theory of rural geography, promoting the development of rural civilization, and helping rural revitalization. Considering civilized villages as the study topic, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and geographic context were discussed using spatial analysis methods. The number of civilized villages in the country has shown a clear upward trend since 2005. The spatial distribution pattern of civilized villages in China shows unbalanced patterns with a higher concentration in the east and south. Civilized villages in China present significant patterns of clustering with an increasing degree of spatial clustering, showing a multi-core spatial distribution pattern. Civilized villages in China demonstrate clear spatiotemporal clustering characteristics. A spatiotemporal hot spot cluster formed in the northwestern region from 2005 to 2011, and a spatiotemporal cold spot cluster formed in the southeastern region from 2005 to 2008. The spatial distribution of civilized villages in China has obvious geographical differentiation laws, and factors such as topography, climate, economy, transportation, and policy significantly affect their spatial distribution.

Sacrificed Maya boys tied to myth of 'Hero Twins'.

Ancient DNA shows continuity between living and ancient Maya communities.

Can environmental policies improve marine ecological efficiency? Examining China's Ecological Civilization Pilot Zones.

Terrestrial ecosystems can benefit from environmental protection policies; however, their impact on marine ecological efficiency deserves further exploration. This study uses China's Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone (ECZ) policy as an example of a quasi-natural experimental study, with data from 11 coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2019 as the initial sample. First, a Super-SBM model considers undesired outputs to measure marine eco-efficiency, while a synthetic control method (SCM) investigates the effect of environmental regulations on marine eco-efficiency. The results show that ECZ policies can promote marine eco-efficiency and the effect mechanisms of these policies are discussed from national and regional perspectives. This study contributes to the current literature by theoretically evaluating the impact of ECZ policies on the marine environment in coastal areas, enriching the mechanism of integrated environmental policies on marine ecological protection, and providing references for formulating and implementing environmental policies.

Heading towards carbon neutrality: how do marine carbon sinks serve as important handle for promoting marine ecological civilization construction?

As an efficient long-term carbon sink, marine carbon sinks and the associated carbon sink effects, technology, accounting and trading market construction warrant investigation across various disciplines. However, information on the interrelationships and their development over time with respect to the research conducted in China is limited, affecting the ability to drive research directions and optimize continued advancement in this field. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to understand the current situation of marine carbon sink research in China to promote a deeper level of scientific development based on the research literature related to marine blue carbon sinks in the core databases of the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS). We used bibliometric tools in the Citespace software to quantitatively compare and analyse the main characteristics of marine blue carbon sink research including publication volume, time, journals, authors and institutions. We also explored the popular research topics, frontier areas, and theme evolution trends through keyword clustering and emergent and co-occurring knowledge maps. The key recommended research directions for ocean carbon sinks are: (1) to promote the unified carbon sink market research of land and sea integration through multidisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research; (2) to achieve new breakthroughs in ocean carbon sinks with the support of coastal wetlands and seawater offshore aquaculture environments; (3) to explore the protection provided by ocean carbon sinks with a comprehensive eco-compensation mechanism; (4) to improve the application of marine carbon sinks by taking the theory and technological innovation research related to marine carbon sinks as the guide. Ultimately, our work helps characterise the current situation of marine carbon sink research, promote the research in this field to a deeper level of development and provide reference for subsequent scholars to carry out related research.

Animal movement on the hoof and on the cart and its implications for understanding exchange within the Indus Civilisation.

Movement of resources was essential to the survival and success of early complex societies. The sources and destinations of goods and the means of transportation - be it by boats, carts and/or foot - can often be inferred, but the logistics of these movements are inherently more difficult to ascertain. Here, we use strontium isotopic analysis to test hypotheses about the role of animal and animal-powered transport in medium and long-distance movement and exchange, using the Indus Civilization as a case study. Across the wide geographical spread of the Indus Civilisation, there is strong evidence for long-distance exchange of raw materials and finished objects and this process is presumed to involve boats and animal-driven transport, although there is little evidence as to the relative importance of each mode of movement. Strontium isotopic analysis of animal remains from four sites analysed for this study combined with results from nine other sites indicates limited long-distance animal movement between different geological zones within the Indus Civilisation. These findings suggest that individual animals primarily moved short- or medium-distances, though there are several significant exceptions seen in some pigs and cattle found at two large urban sites. We infer that long-distance transport of goods, be it raw materials, finished objects, other goods, or the animals themselves, could have occurred through the use of boats and waterways, by traction animals moving over long distances that did not end up in the archaeological record, and/or by different animals participating in many short to medium-distance movements.

An archaeomagnetic study of the Ishtar Gate, Babylon.

Data from the marriage of paleomagnetism and archaeology (archaeomagnetism) are the backbone of attempts to create geomagnetic field models for ancient times. Paleointensity experimental design has been the focus of intensive efforts and the requirements and shortcomings are increasingly well understood. Some archaeological materials have excellent age control from inscriptions, which can be tied to a given decade or even a specific year in some cases. In this study, we analyzed fired mud bricks used for the construction of the Ishtar Gate, the entrance complex to the ancient city of Babylon in Southern Mesopotamia. We were able to extract reliable intensity data from all three phases of the gate, the earliest of which includes bricks inscribed with the name of King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 to 562 BCE). These results (1) add high quality intensity data to a region relatively unexplored so far (Southern Mesopotamia), (2) contribute to a better understanding of paleosecular variation in this region, and the development of an archaeomagnetic dating reference for one of the key regions in the history of human civilizations; (3) demonstrate the potential of inscribed bricks (glazed and unglazed), a common material in ancient Mesopotamia, to archaeomagnetic studies; and (4) suggest that the gate complex was constructed some time after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, and that there were no substantial chronological gaps in the construction of each consecutive phase. The best fit of our data (averaging 136±2.1 ZAm2) with those of the reference curve (the Levantine Archaeomagnetic Curve) is 569 BCE.

Climate change, society, and pandemic disease in Roman Italy between 200 BCE and 600 CE.

Records of past societies confronted with natural climate change can illuminate social responses to environmental stress and environment-disease connections, especially when locally constrained high-temporal resolution paleoclimate reconstructions are available. We present a temperature and precipitation reconstruction for ~200 BCE to ~600 CE, from a southern Italian marine sedimentary archive-the first high-resolution (~3 years) climate record from the heartland of the Roman Empire, stretching from the so-called Roman Climate Optimum to the Late Antique Little Ice Age. We document phases of instability and cooling from ~100 CE onward but more notably after ~130 CE. Pronounced cold phases between ~160 to 180 CE, ~245 to 275 CE, and after ~530 CE associate with pandemic disease, suggesting that climate stress interacted with social and biological variables. The importance of environment-disease dynamics in past civilizations underscores the need to incorporate health in risk assessments of climate change.

Grammars of Progress and Pathology: A Recursive History of Africa, Cancer, and "Diseases of Civilization".

The phrase "disease of civilization" and concomitant lexicons, such as "pathologies of modernization," frequently surface across public and global health discourses. This is particularly the case within the framework of cancer research in Africa. In this article, the authors trace the emergence of these grammars of progress at the beginning of the twentieth century as a biomedical lens through which to analyze and frame cancer in Africa. Arguing with Ann Stoler for a recursive understanding of colonial and postcolonial history, the authors follow in detail the lexical shifts and recursions across the twentieth century, as these grammars move from diseases of civilization to development and modernization. In tracing these lexical shifts, they place them within the broader understandings of Africa and the African body as an other against which Euro-America frames itself.

Nutraceutical Properties of Syringic Acid in Civilization Diseases-Review.

Civilization diseases account for a worldwide health issue. They result from daily behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors. One of the most significant opportunities to prevent and alleviate the occurrence of these diseases is a diet rich in antioxidants like polyphenols. This review paper is concentrated on syringic acid (SA), one of the representative compounds of phenolic acids subgroups. There are many in vitro and in vivo studies on SA that assess its pivotal effects on oxidative stress and inflammation parameters. It is effective on metabolic risk factors as well, including hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. SA is one of the prominent polyphenolic compounds that may help address health issues related to civilization diseases.

Moisés, o egípcio: problematizações sobre a identidade, a identificação e a decolonialidade / Moses, the Egyptian: problematics of identity, identification, and decoloniality

Resumo: A intenção deste ensaio é a de problematizar a inscrição do discurso psicanalítico, com Freud, no campo do mundo do pós-colonialismo, pela sustentação da categoria de identificação e a crítica correlata da categoria de identidade, assim como pela ênfase na reversibilidade dialética da oposição entre os registros da civilização e da barbárie.

Abstract: The purpose of this essay is to problematize the inscription of psychoanalytic discourse, with Freud, in the field of the post-colonial world by supporting the category of identification and the related criticism of the identity category. It also emphasizes the dialectical reversibility of the opposition between the registers of civilization and barbarism.

(In)tolerância como política: os discursos de direita e de esquerda no facebook / (In)tolerance as policy: the rightist and leftist discourses on facebook / (In)tolerancia como política: los discursos de la derecha y la izquierda en facebook

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar traços da mentalidade potencialmente autoritária a partir do discurso de usuários do Facebook vinculados a páginas de cunho político autodeclarado de direita e de esquerda no Brasil. A Netnografia é utilizada como aporte metodológico para imersão on-line nas páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" e "Jovens de Esquerda", selecionadas por meio do Facebook Audience Insights, ferramenta disponibilizada pelo Facebook. Delas, foram extraídas oito postagens com maior engajamento (número de comentários, curtidas e compartilhamentos), identificadas pelo Netvizz. Foram coletados 3.489 comentários, os quais foram organizados em um corpus textual submetido ao software IRAMUTEQ e analisados sob a perspectiva da análise crítica imanente da teoria crítica. Como resultado, apresenta-se a forma como o pensamento autoritário se manifesta na racionalização da sociedade contemporânea e nas práticas discursivas em redes sociais on-line, enraizada no âmbito sociopolítico brasileiro, ameaçando o processo democrático e a construção de uma sociedade plural e liberta.(AU)

This study aims to analyze traits of the potentially authoritarian mentality from the speech of Facebook users linked to political pages self-declared as rightist and leftist in Brazil. Netnography is used as a methodological contribution for online immersion in the pages "Eu era Direita e não sabia" and "Jovens de Esquerda" selected via Facebook Audience Insights, a tool provided by Facebook. From these, eight posts with greater engagement (number of comments, likes and shares), identified by Netvizz, were extracted. We collected 3,489 comments, which were organized in a textual corpus submitted to IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed from the perspective of immanent critical analysis of Critical Theory. As a result, we present the way in which authoritarian thinking manifests itself in the rationalization of contemporary society and in discursive practices in online social networks, rooted in the Brazilian socio-political sphere, threatening the democratic process and the construction of a plural and free society.(AU)

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las huellas de la mentalidad potencialmente autoritaria a partir de los discursos de usuarios en Facebook vinculados a páginas políticas autodeclaradas de derecha y de izquierda en Brasil. La netnografía se utiliza como marco metodológico para la inmersión en línea en las páginas "Eu era Direita e não sabia" y "Jovens de Esquerda", seleccionadas por Facebook Audience Insights, herramienta proporcionada por Facebook. Se extrajeron las ocho publicaciones con mayor compromiso (número de comentarios, gustos y compartidas), identificadas por Netvizz. Se recogieron 3.489 comentarios, los cuales fueron organizados en un corpus textual sometido al software IRAMUTEQ y analizado bajo la perspectiva del análisis crítico inmanente de la teoría crítica. Los resultados presentan la forma en que el pensamiento autoritario se manifiesta en la racionalización de la sociedad contemporánea y en prácticas discursivas en redes sociales en línea, arraigada en el ámbito sociopolítico brasileño, que amenazan el proceso democrático y la construcción de una sociedad plural y liberada.(AU)

De la crisis de los fundamentos, a los fundamentos de una crisis civilizatoria más allá de la Modernidad. COVID 19 como catalizador en Chile / From the crisis of the foundations, to the foundations of a civilizing crisis beyond Modernity. COVID 19 as a catalyst in Chile

Con este trabajo intentamos una aproximación crítica a las tensiones que caracterizan este hoy que sobrevivimos, precipitado por la pandemia del Covid 19 como catalizador inesperado de la crisis civilizatoria que parece atravesamos como Humanidad. Para ello contrastamos la crisis de los fundamentos, con algunos fundamentos de la crisis, quede manera esencialmente recursiva se hacen posibles. La racionalidad y fines del modelo civilizatorio en crisis, en una posible transición acelerada por la pandemia, permiten hacer visibles algunas condiciones de posibilidad para la construcción de contratos sociales, lógicas y racionalidades que apuntan a la Humanidad como fin y razón de ser; frente al individualismo liquidador del sujeto y la individualidad; y a la Armonía, frente a la metáfora del Desarrollo sin límites y la racionalidad instrumental que la sostiene en la Modernidad Occidental.

With this work we try a critical approach to the tensions that characterize this today that we survive, precipitated by the Covid 19 pandemic as an unexpected catalyst of the civilizing crisis that seems to be going through as Humanity. To do this, we contrast the fundamentals crisis with some fundamentals of the crisis, which in an essentially recursive way are made possible. The rationality and ends of the civilizing model in crisis, in a possible transition accelerated by the pandemic, make it possible to make visible some conditions of possibility for the construction of social contracts, logics and rationales that point Humanity as an end and a reason for being; against the liquidating individualism of the subject and individuality; and Harmony, against the metaphor of Development without limits and the instrumental rationality that sustains it in Western Modernity.

Violência civilizacional e colonial no olhar de Frantz Fanon e Sigmund Freud / Civilizatory and colonial violence from the standpoint of Frantz Fanon and Sigmund Freud / Violencia civilizatoria y colonial bajo la mirada de Frantz Fanon y Sigmund Freud

Resumo O presente estudo visa discutir a violência na sua relação com o nascimento da civilização e projeto colonial no pensamento de Freud e Fanon. Na obra freudiana, a violência foi abordada a partir das obras: Futuro de uma Ilusão, O Mal-Estar na Civilização, Por Que a Guerra? e Reflexões para os Tempos de Guerra e Morte. E no pensamento fanoniano a partir de Os Condenados da Terra, mais concretamente no capítulo dedicado à violência. A discussão da obra dos autores foi dividida em três momentos. Primeiramente foi discutido o modo como a construção da civilização europeia e a cultura ocidental têm sido marcadas pela violência aos grupos étnicos externos ao Ocidente. No segundo momento, discorre sobre a violência colonial, articulada com a raça, em que a obra de Fanon teve o seu foco principal. Discute-se ainda, por fim, a "contraviolência" e a violência como meio de se subjetivar diante da subjetividade rechaçada.

Abstract This study discusses violence as pertaining to the birth of civilization and colonial project in Freud and Fanon. In Freud's work, violence was approached in the papers: Future of an Illusion and Civilization and its Discontents; Why War? and Refletion on War and Death. Whereas Fanon thoughts are exposed in the book The Condemned of the Earth, most notably in the chapter dedicated to violence. The discussion of the authors' work was divided into three sections, namely: how the construction of European civilization and/or Western culture has been marked by violence to ethnic groups outside the West; colonial violence articulated with race, focus of Fanon's work; and "contraviolence" and violence as a means of self-subjectifying in the face of rejected subjectivity.

Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo discutir la violencia en su relación con el nacimiento de la civilización y el proyecto colonial en Freud y Fanon. En el trabajo de Freud, se abordaba la violencia desde las obras: El Porvenir de una Ilusión, El Malestar en la Cultura; ¿Por Qué la Guerra? y De Guerra y Muerte: Temas de Actualidad. Y en el pensamiento fanoniano la obra Los Condenados de la Tierra, pero concretamente en el capítulo dedicado a la violencia. La discusión del trabajo de los autores se dividió en tres momentos. En primer lugar, se ha discutido la forma en la cual la construcción de la civilización europea y/o la cultura occidental ha estado marcada por la violencia a los grupos étnicos fuera de Occidente. En segundo trata la violencia colonial, articulada con la raza, en la cual el trabajo de Fanon tenía su enfoque principal. Por último, la "contraviolencia" y la violencia se discuten como un medio de subjetivarse frente a la subjetividad rechazada.

O pai: um estudo sobre a barbárie contemporânea / The father: a study about contemporary barbarism

A proposta desse ensaio é refletir e pensar a barbárie no interior do atual estágio da civilização, tendo como pano de fundo a crise contemporânea de refugiados. Escolhemos como norte da pesquisa os desdobramentos da questão do Pai na teoria psicanalítica e a produção teórica de alguns pensadores de outros campos do conhecimento, com as quais é possível estabelecer diálogos interdisciplinares acerca da violência, crueldade e destruição dos laços sociais.

The purpose of this essay is to reflect and think about barbarism within the current stage of civilization, against the backdrop of the contemporary refugee crisis. We chose as the north of the research the developments of the question of the Father in psychoanalytic theory and the theoretical production of some thinkers from other fields of knowledge, with which it is possible to establish interdisciplinary dialogues about violence, cruelty and the destruction of social ties.

Differential Change in the Prevalence of the Ascaris, Trichuris and Clonorchis infection Among Past East Asian Populations

As we learn more about parasites in ancient civilizations, data becomes available that can be used to see how infection may change over time. The aim of this study is to assess how common certain intestinal parasites were in China and Korea in the past 2000 years, and make comparisons with prevalence data from the 20th century. This allows us to go on to investigate how and why changes in parasite prevalence may have occurred at different times. Here we show that Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis) dropped markedly in prevalence in both Korea and China earlier than did roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura). We use historical evidence to determine why this was the case, exploring the role of developing sanitation infrastructure, changing use of human feces as crop fertilizer, development of chemical fertilizers, snail control programs, changing dietary preferences, and governmental public health campaigns during the 20th century.

Modernity and the regulation of bodies: Elias meets Foucault

This article seeks to reflect on the possibility of a meeting ground where Michel Foucault and Norbert Elias' thought comes together around the issue of the regulation of drives and bodily practices within modernity. Such drives - among which we highlight the use of force and violence, as well as the acceptable regulation of their release and applications - have been the object of particular procedures within the modern era, whether seen in relation to individuals or from to the social body.(AU)

El malestar en el trabajo y la cultura contemporánea / Workplace dissatisfaction and contemporary culture

¿Qué podemos extraer del Psicoanálisis freudiano y lacaniano que nos ayuden a comprender el malestar en el trabajo en la cultura contemporánea? Nuestra intención es abordar la noción de malestar en parte de la obra de Freud, Lacan, así como de algunos de sus lectores actuales, para destacar algunas construcciones conceptuales que nos ayuden en la comprensión del malestar, del sufrimiento y del síntoma con el trabajo en nuestro tiempo. En un primer momento trascurrimos en el clásico texto freudiano "El malestar en la cultura" sus referencias al trabajo buscando comprender su relación con el malestar. Enseguida buscamos en Lacan las características del malestar contemporáneo. Concluimos intentando pensar los síntomas mentales producidos con el trabajo hoy en día a la luz de las nociones trabajadas en Freud y Lacan. (AU)

What can we learn from Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis to help us understand work dissatisfaction in contemporary civilization? We reviewed this concept in the works of Freud, Lacan, and some of your current readers, to highlight some conceptual constructs that help us understand the discomfort, suffering and symptoms associated with work in our time. First we review the classic Freudian text "Malaise in civilization" and its references in order to better understand their relationship to malaise. Next,we review Lacan's work to identify the characteristics of contemporary malaise. We conclude by reflecting on mental symptoms produced today by work today in the light of the concepts developed by Freud and Lacan(AU)

A young couple's grave found in the Rakhigarhi cemetery of the Harappan Civilization / 대한해부학회지

The Harappan Civilization, one of the earliest complex societies in the world, flourished on the Indian subcontinent. Although many additional Harappan settlements and cemeteries have been discovered and investigated, no coupled burials at Harappan cemeteries have been reported to date. In 2013–2016, we excavated the cemetery of the Rakhigarhi site (Haryana), the largest city of the Harappan Civilization. At the site, we found a grave that turned out to be a coupled (joint) burial of the primary type. This report is the first anthropologically confirmed case of coupled burial from a Harappan cemetery.

Religião, ciência e capitalismo: sujeito massificado, objeto padrão e medida comum para o gozo / Religion, science and capitalism: massified individual, standard object and common measure for enjoyment

Resumo: O presente artigo discute, desde a psicanálise, de que maneira os discursos da religião, da ciência e do capitalismo ao produzirem a massificação dos sujeitos através da oferta de um sentido, de um saber e de um objeto padrão colocados como medida comum para o gozo acabam excluindo não apenas a singularidade do sujeito, mas, cada vez mais, suas chances inventivas diante do desamparo e do mal-estar, condições estruturais e estruturantes da vida humana.

Abstract: This article discusses, from psychoanalysis, how religion, science and capitalism discourses producing massification of the individuals through the offer of a standardized meaning, knowledge and object, set as a common measure for enjoyment end up excluding not only the singularity of the individual but also their inventive chances before helplessness and uneasiness, structural and structuring conditions of human life.