Genome-wide analysis and identification of Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenase (CCO) gene family in coffee (coffee arabica) under abiotic stress.

The coffee industry holds importance, providing livelihoods for millions of farmers globally and playing a vital role in the economies of coffee-producing countries. Environmental conditions such as drought and temperature fluctuations can adversely affect the quality and yield of coffee crops.Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCO) enzymes are essential for coffee plants as they help break down carotenoids contributing to growth and stress resistance. However, knowledge about the CCO gene family in Coffee arabica was limited. In this study identified 21 CCO genes in Coffee arabica (C. arabica) revealing two subfamilies carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) and 9-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenases (NCED) through phylogenic analysis. These subfamilies exhibited distribution patterns in terms of gene structure, domains, and motifs. The 21 CaCCO genes, comprising 5 NCED and 16 CCD genes were found across chromosomes. Promoter sequencing analysis revealed cis-elements that likely interact with plant stress-responsive, growth-related, and phytohormones, like auxin and abscisic acid. A comprehensive genome-wide comparison, between C. arabica and A. thaliana was conducted to understand the characteristics of CCO genes. RTqPCR data indicated that CaNCED5, CaNCED6, CaNCED12, and CaNCED20 are target genes involved in the growth of drought coffee plants leading to increased crop yield, in a conditions, with limited water availability. This reveals the role of coffee CCOs in responding to abiotic stress and identifies potential genes useful for breeding stress-resistant coffee varieties.

Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Metabolites as Descriptors of Different Coffee Beverages.

Coffee is a widely consumed beverage rich in bioactive phytochemicals. This study investigated the effect of brewing method on the profile of potential bioactive compounds in different coffee beverages using metabolomics and lipidomics based on UHPLC-MS/QTOF. The oil contents of the espresso coffee (EC), pot coffee (PC), instant coffee (IC), and filter coffee (FC) beverages studied were 0.13% ± 0.002, 0.12% ± 0.001, 0.04% ± 0.002, and 0.03% ± 0.003, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated significant differences (P < 0.001) in oil content when EC and PC beverages were compared with IC and FC beverages. Principal component analysis revealed similarities in the lipid profiles of FC and EC beverages and the hydrophilic profiles of PC and FC beverages. The EC beverage had the highest intensity of hydrophilic compounds such as adenine, theobromine, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine. The PC beverage was the most abundant in triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, and diterpenes. Cafestol and kahweol esters, but not their free forms, were the most abundant diterpenes in the PC beverage. This work provides information on the differences in the profile of potentially bioactive compounds in four commonly consumed coffee beverage types and, thus, on the possible differences in the health effects of these coffee beverage types.

Reassessing the Impact of Coffee Consumption on Liver Disease: Insights from a Large-Scale Cohort Study with IPTW Adjustment.

Coffee consumption is globally widespread and has become a lifestyle habit. This study investigated coffee consumption and liver-related survival in a large cohort of 455,870 individuals with UK biobank, categorized into without steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and MASLD and increased alcohol intake (MetALD). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusted for confounding variables was used, followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Moderate coffee consumption (1-2 cups per day) was associated with lower all-cause mortality across the entire cohort, without the steatosis, MASLD (p < 0.0001), and MetALD cohorts (p = 0.0047 for pre-IPTW, p = 0.027 for post-IPTW). Before IPTW adjustment, consuming one or more cups of coffee per day appeared to significantly reduce liver-related mortality in the overall (p = 0.015) and MASLD cohorts (p = 0.011). However, post-IPTW application, no significant differences in liver-related mortality were observed between the coffee intake groups (p = 0.778, 0.319, 0.564, 0.238 for each group). While increased coffee consumption initially seemed to reduce liver-related mortality, after IPTW adjustment, only all-cause mortality significantly decreased (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.027). These findings suggest that previous studies might have overestimated the favorable effect of coffee intake on chronic liver disease due to confounding factors.

Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Bulk-fill and Nanohybrid Composite after Exposure to Different Beverages at Various Time Intervals - An In vitro Study.

AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the surface roughness and microhardness of bulk-fill composite and nanohybrid composite resin after exposure to three different beverages at different time intervals. METHODOLOGY: In this study, 60 composite discs each for bulk fill and nanohybrid, of dimensions 10 mm × 2 mm were made. Both composites were randomly divided into four subgroups, i.e., 15 samples each for artificial saliva, tea, coffee, and soft drinks which were further subdivided into five samples for three time intervals. Composite resin discs were immersed in beverages for 4 min in 24 h for 7, 15, and 30 days. All samples were evaluated for surface roughness and microhardness before and after immersion. RESULTS: Both the composites showed a significant increase in surface roughness in all the beverages with maximum change in surface roughness observed in nanohybrid composite resin immersed in soft drinks. Furthermore, the microhardness of both the composites was decreased significantly in all beverages with maximum change in microhardness observed in nanohybrid composite resin immersed in soft drinks. CONCLUSIONS: Bulk-fill composite resin has better resistance to surface roughness and higher microhardness as compared to nanohybrid. Furthermore, acidic beverages highly affect the physical properties of both composite resins for longer periods.

Résumé Objectif:Comparer la rugosité de surface et la microdureté du composite Bulk-Fill et de la résine composite nanohybride après exposition à trois boissons différentes à différents intervalles de temps.Matériels et Méthodes:Dans cette étude, 60 disques composites chacun pour remplissage en vrac et nanohybride, de dimensions 10 mm X 2 mm ont été fabriqués. Les deux composites ont été divisés au hasard en quatre sous-groupes, soit 15 échantillons chacun pour la salive artificielle, le thé, le café et les boissons gazeuses, qui ont ensuite été subdivisés en 5 échantillons pendant 3 intervalles de temps. Des disques de résine composite ont été immergés dans des boissons pendant 4 minutes en 24 heures pendant 7, 15 et 30 jours. Tous les échantillons ont été évalués pour la rugosité de surface et la microdureté avant et après immersion.Résultats:Les deux composites ont montré une augmentation significative de la rugosité de surface dans toutes les boissons, un changement maximal de rugosité de surface ayant été observé dans la résine composite nanohybride immergée dans une boisson gazeuse. De plus, la microdureté des deux composites a diminué de manière significative dans toutes les boissons, un changement maximal de microdureté ayant été observé dans la résine composite nanohybride immergée dans une boisson gazeuse.Conclusions:La résine composite de remplissage en vrac a une meilleure résistance à la rugosité de surface et une microdureté plus élevée que la nanohybride. De plus, les boissons acides affectent fortement les propriétés physiques des deux résines composites sur des périodes plus longues.

Association between tea, coffee and caffeine consumption and risk of female infertility: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between tea, coffee, and caffeine consumption and the risk of female infertility. METHODS: We analyzed data from 2099 females aged 18 to 44 years, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018. We used generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the dose-response relationship between the tea, coffee, and caffeine consumption and infertility, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: A non-linear relationship was detected between tea consumption and infertility and the inflection point was 2 cups/day. On the right side of the inflection point, we did not detect a significant association. However, on the left side, we found a negative relationship between tea consumption and infertility (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.93; P = 0.0122). Meanwhile, our study found no significant association between coffee (0.96, 0.81 to 1.13, P = 0.6189) or caffeine consumption (1.15, 0.93 to 1.42, P = 0.2148) and female infertility. CONCLUSIONS: Tea consumption was non-linearly associated with infertility, whereas no significant associations were found between coffee, caffeine consumption and infertility.

A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer.

Studies on the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence on the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer and to quantify this association by performing a meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on online databases up to July 2023 investigating the association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer. All prospective cohort studies reporting odds ratios (ORs), rate or risk ratios (RRs), or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in this context were included. The overall effect size was calculated using the random-effects model and statistical between-studies heterogeneity was examined using Cochrane's Q test and I2. A total of 14 prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. We found a significant positive association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.47). This association remained significant when we included a pooled analysis paper and excluded 5 cohort studies (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.66). We observed no proof of significant publication bias using Egger's test (P = 0.58). Moreover, dose-response analysis showed that each one cup/day increase in coffee consumption was related with a 6% higher lung cancer risk (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.09). In conclusion, we found a significant positive association between coffee consumption and risk of lung cancer.

Effect of Coffee Thermocycling on Color Stability and Translucency of CAD-CAM Polychromatic High Translucent Zirconia Compared With Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of coffee thermocycling on color stability and translucency of CAD-CAM polychromatic high translucent zirconia compared with lithium disilicate glass ceramic. METHODS: Sixteen rectangular plates (14 × 16 × 1.0 mm) of two ceramic materials (IPS E.max CAD (IEC), IPS E.max ZirCAD Prime [IZP]) were prepared. Each specimen was measured for color coordinates using a spectrophotometer following 30,000 cycles of coffee thermocycling. CIELAB formula was used to determine color and translucency differences (ΔE and ΔTP). The means of ΔE and ΔTP were compared using independent samples t-test and were evaluated using their respective 50%:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT and AT). One-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the translucency parameter (TP) and surface roughness (Ra) of each material. RESULTS: Mean ΔE values of IEC (4.69) and IZP (4.64) were higher than the AT (ΔE ≤ 2.7) with no significant difference found between the two groups (p = 0.202). Considering the TP, only IEC showed a statistically significant increase in TP value (p < 0.001). However, the mean ΔTP of IEC (3.25) remained within the range of acceptability (1.3 < ΔTP ≤ 4.4). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this current study, the color stability of all materials was clinically affected by coffee thermocycling. In terms of translucency, only lithium disilicate glass ceramic was influenced by coffee thermocycling. High translucent zirconia had superior translucency stability compared to lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

A Recyclable Polypropylene Multilayer Film Maintaining the Quality and the Aroma of Coffee Pods during Their Shelf Life.

Films for coffee-pod packaging usually contain aluminium as an impermeable foil that is not recyclable and has to be discharged as waste. In this study, a recyclable polypropylene multilayer film is proposed as an alternative. The performance on the chemical composition of coffee was evaluated and compared to that of film containing aluminium (standard). The oxygen in the headspace, moisture, lipidic oxidation, and volatile organic compounds were studied in coffee pods during storage for 12 months at 25 and 40 °C. In addition, the acidity and acceptability of extracted coffee were evaluated. In the polypropylene-packaged pods, the percentage of oxygen during storage at 25 °C was lower than that in the standard. Moisture was not affected by the type of packaging materials. No differences were found between the peroxide values, except in pods stored for 3, 10, and 11 months at 25 °C, where they were even lower than the standard. Furans and pyrazines were the main volatile organic compounds detected. No differences were found in the pH and titratable acidity of the coffee brew either. All samples were well accepted by consumers without any perceived difference related to the packaging film. The polypropylene multilayer film is a sustainable recyclable material with high performance, in particular, against oxygen permeation.

Comparative Evaluation of Flavor and Sensory Quality of Coffee Pulp Wines.

Coffee pulp wines were produced through the mixed fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the flavor and sensory characteristics were comparatively evaluated. A total of 87 volatile components were identified from five coffee pulp wines, of which 68 were present in all samples, accounting for over 99% of the total concentration. The sample fermented contained significantly higher levels of volatile metabolites (56.80 mg/g). Alcohols (22 species) and esters (26 species) were the main flavor components, with the contents accounting for 56.45 ± 3.93% and 31.18 ± 4.24%, respectively, of the total. Furthermore, 14 characteristic components were identified as potential odor-active compounds, contributing to sweet and floral apple brandy flavor. Although the characteristic components are similar, the difference in the content makes the overall sensory evaluation of the samples different. The samples formed by fermentation of four strains, which obtained the highest score (86.46 ± 0.36) in sensory evaluation, were further interpreted and demonstrated through the Mantel test. The results of the component analysis were effectively distinguished by OPLS-DA and PCA, and this validation was supported by sensory evaluation. The research results provided a technical reference for the production of coffee pulp wines.

Effect of coffee intake on appetite parameters in woman with overweight or obesity: A pilot crossover randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: Coffee consumption has demonstrated an effect on the regulation of appetite, causing less hunger and/or greater satiety; however, its effects are not well known in woman with overweight or obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of coffee consumption on hunger, satiety, sensory specific desire (SSD), and dietary intake in women with overweight or obesity. METHODOLOGY: A randomized crossover clinical trial was realized in 3 sessions: in the first session a clinical history, anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were performed; in sessions 2 and 3 the participants randomly consumed 240mL of coffee with 6mg/caffeine/kg of weight or 240mL of water along with a standardized breakfast. At fasting and every 30min after breakfast for the next 3h, appetite sensations and SSD were recorded using visual analog scales. Blood samples were taken at fasting, 30 and 180min after breakfast. Dietary intake was recorded in the rest of the intervention days. RESULTS: In the coffee intervention there was an increased desire for sweet foods, higher fructose intake during the rest of the day, and higher triglyceride levels than with the water intervention. No differences were detected in ghrelin or cholecystokinin. CONCLUSIONS: Coffee consumption may lead to higher triglycerides and higher intake of simple sugars, mainly fructose, through changes in the SSD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT05774119.

Effective elimination of Hg(II) from water bodies with acid-modified magnetic biomass spent coffee grounds: conditional optimization and application.

To maximize the efficiency of biomass waste utilization and waste management, a novel acid-modified magnetic biomass spent coffee grounds (NiFe2O4/SCG) was obtained by pyrolysis at 473 K and co-precipitation methods and employed to eliminate bivalent mercury (Hg(II)) in water bodies. The prepared NiFe2O4/SCG adsorbent exhibits remarkable magnetism with a strength of 45.78 emu/g and can easily be separated from water via a magnetic force. The adsorption of Hg(II) over the NiFe2O4/SCG has an optimal conditions of pH = 8, T = 39 ℃, and dosage of 0.055 g/L, and the maximal adsorption capacity for Hg(II) is 167.44 mg/g via Response Surface Methodology optimization. The removal of Hg(II) over NiFe2O4/SCG primarily involves ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and chelation; conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models; and is an endothermic reaction. Additionally, the magnetic biomass NiFe2O4/SCG has good regeneration capability and stability. The application research reveal that inorganic salt ions, nitrogen fertilizer urea, humus, and other contaminants in different actual water bodies (river water, lake water, and the effluent of sewage treatment plant) have little effect on the adsorption of Hg(II) over the NiFe2O4/SCG. The prepared adsorbent NiFe2O4/SCG has practical application value for removing Hg(II) from water bodies.

Interaction between Habitual Green Tea and Coffee Consumption and ACTN3 Genotype in Association with Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested the potential benefits of habitual coffee and green tea consumption on skeletal muscle health. However, it remains unclear whether these benefits are modified by genetic factors, particularly the alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genotype, which is associated with the skeletal muscle phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between habitual coffee or green tea consumption and the ACTN3 genotype in association with skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and strength. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,023 Japanese middle-aged and older adults (619 females, aged 45-74 years) living in the community. SMM was gauged using a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy device, and handgrip strength (HGS) was used to measure muscle strength. The ACTN3 genotype (RR, RX, and XX) was determined from blood samples. Sex-specific linear regression models were used to analyze the interactions between coffee or green tea consumption and the ACTN3 genotype in association with SMM and HGS. RESULTS: In females, a significant interaction was observed between green tea consumption and the ACTN3 genotype in association with HGS (P interaction < 0.05). Furthermore, stratified analysis revealed a positive association between green tea consumption and HGS, specifically in females with the ACTN3 XX genotype (P trend < 0.05). In males, no significant interactions were observed between coffee or green tea consumption and the ACTN3 genotype in association with SMM or HGS (P interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the skeletal muscle strength benefits associated with habitual green tea consumption may be contingent upon sex and the ACTN3 genotype.

In Vitro Evaluation of Color and Surface Roughness Changes of Polyetheretherketone, Monolithic Zirconia, and Resin Nanoceramics Exposed to Staining Liquids.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate color stability and surface roughness of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), zirconia, and hybrid ceramics while stored in different liquids. METHODS: A total of 240 specimens were prepared from monolithic zirconia, PEEK, and hybrid ceramics. All specimens were polished using rubber sets with different grain sizes. Color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were measured three times using a dental spectrophotometer in standard D65 lightning. Each group was divided into eight different groups to be kept in eight different solutions as distilled water, cola, red wine, tea, coffee, heptane, citric acid, and 50% ethanol. Specimens were held in solutions at 37°C for 12 days. Color measurements were repeated, and color change (ΔE) was calculated using the CIE Lab formula. RESULTS: The color difference of PEEK specimens was found above the clinically acceptable limit; however, color differences for monolithic zirconia produced by coffee were found within the clinically acceptable limits. ZR and HC specimens' color change values were found between threshold values (1<ΔE < 3.3). The differences observed in surface roughness levels amongst the ZR specimens could be caused by the polishing instrument and procedure. CONCLUSION: The color change of the materials was within acceptable limits, whereas the surface roughness increased more than 0.2 µm. Especially cola, heptane, and red wine significantly increased the mean surface roughness.

Association between Coffee Consumption and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Exploratory Case-Control Study.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility, with an estimated worldwide prevalence between 5% and 15%. We conducted a case-control study with 121 PCOS patients and 155 controls to assess the association between coffee intake and the presence of having a diagnosis of PCOS in women in Murcia, Spain. The PCOS diagnosis was determined following Rotterdam criteria (the presence of two of the following three conditions: hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology). Coffee consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Coffee consumption was categorized into never, less than one cup per day, one cup per day, and two or more cups per day. We found a significant inverse linear trend: the higher the coffee consumption, the lower the probability of having PCOS in multivariable analysis (p-trend = 0.034). Women who presented with PCOS were less likely to drink one cup of coffee compared to those who had never drunk coffee (OR = 0.313, 95% CI: 0.141-0.69). The consumption of at least one cup of coffee per day may be associated with a decrease in PCOS symptoms.

Sensitive Detection of Genotoxic Substances in Complex Food Matrices by Multiparametric High-Content Analysis.

Genotoxic substances widely exist in the environment and the food supply, posing serious health risks due to their potential to induce DNA damage and cancer. Traditional genotoxicity assays, while valuable, are limited by insufficient sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, particularly when applied to complex food matrices. This study introduces a multiparametric high-content analysis (HCA) for the detection of genotoxic substances in complex food matrices. The developed assay measures three genotoxic biomarkers, including γ-H2AX, p-H3, and RAD51, which enhances the sensitivity and accuracy of genotoxicity screening. Moreover, the assay effectively distinguishes genotoxic compounds with different modes of action, which not only offers a more comprehensive assessment of DNA damage and the cellular response to genotoxic stress but also provides new insights into the exploration of genotoxicity mechanisms. Notably, the five tested food matrices, including coffee, tea, pak choi, spinach, and tomato, were found not to interfere with the detection of these biomarkers under proper dilution ratios, validating the robustness and reliability of the assay for the screening of genotoxic compounds in the food industry. The integration of multiple biomarkers with HCA provides an efficient method for detecting and assessing genotoxic substances in the food supply, with potential applications in toxicology research and food safety.

Coffee Bean and Its Chemical Constituent Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid as Promising Chemoprevention Agents: Updated Biological Studies against Cancer Cells.

Cancer is a complicated and ever-evolving disease that remains a significant global cause of disease and mortality. Its complexity, which is evident at the genetic and phenotypic levels, contributes to its diversity and resistance to treatment. Numerous scientific investigations on human and animal models demonstrate the potential of phytochemicals in cancer prevention. Coffee has been shown to possess potent anti-carcinogenic properties, and studies have documented the consumption of coffee as a beverage reduces the risk of cancer occurrence. The major secondary metabolites of coffee, named caffeine and chlorogenic acid, have been linked to anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic effects through various signaling. In light of this, this review article provides a comprehensive analysis based on studies in anticancer effects of coffee, chlorogenic acid, and caffeine published between 2010 and 2023, sourced from Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases. We summarize recent advances and scientific evidence on the association of phytochemicals found in coffee with a special emphasis on their biological activities against cancer and their molecular mechanism deemed potential to be used as a novel therapeutic target for cancer prevention and therapy.

The effect of whitening toothpastes on the color stability and surface roughness of stained resin composite.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effect of whitening toothpastes on the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites stained with coffee and cigarette smoke. METHODS: Seventy-two disk-shaped specimens (6 × 2 mm) of suprananohybrid resin composite were randomly divided into two groups and exposed to coffee and cigarette smoke (n = 36). After staining, the samples randomly divided into four groups according to whitening toothpastes and were brushed for 4 min: Opalescence Whitening (OW); Colgate Optic White (COW); Curaprox Black is White (CPX) and, distilled water (control) (n = 9). Color was measured with spectrophotometer at the initial, after staining, and after brushing, and surface roughness was measured with profilometer at the initial and after brushing. A surface morphology analysis was examined using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Cigarette smoke caused a significantly higher color change than coffee in the resin composite (p < 0.05). Brushing with hydrogen peroxide and silica-containing whitening toothpaste showed significant differences in color change (p < 0.05). The lowest whitening effect was found in activated charcoal-containing toothpaste. While all toothpastes increased the degree of surface roughness of resin composites, the highest roughness was caused by whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal. (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The color stability and surface properties of resin composites can be affected by brushing them with whitening toothpaste. The utilization of whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide can be considered a safe method for increasing the whiteness of discolored resin composites.

Altering Mechanical and Dissolution Properties of Coffee Deposit by Adding Glucose.

Glucose modifies the mechanical stability of coffee films and facilitates their dissolution dynamics at the microscale, rendering glucose-coffee a valuable natural biomaterial system for studying pharmaceutical applications. We show the glucose-dependent inhibition of crack propagation during the evaporation of glucose-coffee droplets. The addition of glucose increases the hardness, stiffness, and shear modulus of films, as measured by surface nanomechanical testing. The glucose-coffee film dissolves faster and more evenly than the pure coffee film through interfaces. The water penetrates through well-dissolved glucose channels. The modified mechanical properties and adjustable dissolution time, coupled with edibility, position the glucose-modified coffee as an excellent candidate for developing pharmaceutical inks for personalized medicine droplet-based printing.

What the Fika? Implementation of Swedish Coffee Breaks During Emergency Medicine Conference.

Introduction: In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of incorporating Swedish-style fika (coffee) breaks into the didactic schedule of emergency medicine residents on their sleepiness levels during didactic sessions. Fika is a Swedish tradition that involves a deliberate decision to take a break during the workday and usually involves pastries and coffee. We used the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale to assess changes in sleepiness levels before and after the implementation of fika breaks. Methods: The study design involved a randomized crossover trial approach, with data collected from emergency medicine residents over a specific period. This approach was done to minimize confounding and to be statistically efficient. Results: Results revealed the average sleepiness scale was 4.6 and 5.5 on fika and control days, respectively (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Integration of fika breaks positively influenced sleepiness levels, thus potentially enhancing the educational experience during residency didactics.

[An Investigation of Substances Influencing Adipocyte Function].

Adipose tissue plays a central metabolic role in systemic energy metabolism via nutrient exchange and secretion of adipose-derived hormones and cytokines. Adipose tissue dysfunction increases the risk of developing conditions, including type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, and cancer, ultimately shortening healthy lifespan. Maintaining adipose tissue functions has recently garnered attention as a means to extend healthy life expectancy. We previously developed a T-cell activation-inhibitory assay, which facilitates efficient selection of candidate substances for extending healthy lifespan. Using this assay, we identified two candidate substances: Cynandione A (CA), a major component of Cynanchum wilfordii, and N-caffeoyltryptophan (NCT) found in coffee. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the effect of CA and NCT on adipocyte (the primary cells in adipose tissue) function, and their potential contribution to extending healthy life expectancy.