Complications of collagen biostimulators in Brazil: Description of products, treatments, and evolution of 55 cases.

BACKGROUND: Complications of temporary and permanent fillers have been extensively studied. However, there is a lack of comparative data regarding poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) known as collagen biostimulators. AIMS: This study addressed the complications of collagen biostimulators concerning their diagnosis, type of product, treatment, and monitoring. PATIENTS/METHODS: An electronic questionnaire was sent to Brazilian dermatologic ultrasound experts to identify complications related to biostimulators. The type of biostimulator, location of application, number of vials injected, application plan, time between injection treatment and complication, injector profile, treatment, and prognosis were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-five cases were identified, of which 49.1% were caused by PLLA-Elleva®, 23.6% by CaHA (alone or combined with hyaluronic acid), 20.0% by PLLA-Sculptra®, and 7.3% by PCL. The most affected area was the face (72.7%), with nodules being the most common clinical form (89.1%), generally occurring late (60.0%) (>1 month). Only one case was injected at an incorrect depth (musculoaponeurotic system-SMAS). Despite several treatments, including saline (45.5%), hyaluronidase (25.5%), diluted corticosteroids (23.6%), and energy-based devices (10.9%), only five cases showed complete resolution. Hyaluronidase was beneficial in complications related to fillers when there was an association of calcium hydroxyapatite with hyaluronic acid (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Complications from collagen biostimulators were more common on the face, typically manifesting about 1 month after treatment. These issues seemed to be related more to the properties of the products rather than inadequate technique. Furthermore, hyaluronidase demonstrated efficacy only in cases where there was an association with HA.

Produção de biscoitos recheados com formação de organogel na base gordurosa / Production of sandwich cookies with the formation of organogel in the fatty base

A fim de atender à demanda do público que atualmente busca por alimentos mais saudáveis, as indústrias têm procurado alternativas que possibilitem a aplicação de ingredientes que agreguem valor nutricional aos produtos. A redução de gorduras saturadas e trans em produtos alimentícios, bem como a inserção de cereais ou farinhas nutricionais, vem sendo aplicadas em produtos de panificação. Biscoitos recheados possuem como bases geralmente biscoitos à base de farinha de trigo. O objetivo foi desenvolver formulação de biscoitos recheados com substituição de gordura vegetal por organogel no recheio e de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo no biscoito, a fim de agregar valor nutricional ao produto. Foram desenvolvidos biscoitos recheados: 1) recheio controle e com substituição da gordura vegetal dos recheios por organogel elaborado com sistema emulsionado (colágeno + óleo vegetal + água), a fim de diminuir concentrações de gorduras saturadas e trans. 2) para a base elaborouse biscoitos controle (farinha de trigo) e com substituição parcial e total de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo em 50% (50FS) e 100% (100FS). Foram conduzidas nos recheios e das bases dos biscoitos análises físicas e físico-químicas (textura, atividade de água, cor, composição centesimal e reologia) para avaliação e para análise de estabilidade de 6 semanas. Os resultados apresentaram que o biscoito 50FS obteve melhor valor de textura (Controle: 16,09 ± 1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63 ± 5,68 N e 100FS: 10,09 ± 0,65 N) e menor teor de atividade de água (Semana 01: 0,327±0,01 e Semana 06: 0,389 ± 0,00) do que o biscoito controle, durante análise de estabilidade. O biscoito 100FS apresentou coloração mais avermelhada. Os biscoitos 50FS e 100FS apresentaram maior teor proteico do que o controle (Controle: 5,37 ± 0,23 %; 50FS: 5,64 ± 0,49 % e 100FS: 5,75 ± 0,49 %). O recheio com organogel apresentou maior dureza (N) durante análise de estabilidade do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Controle: 4,29±0,38). Os parâmetros de adesividade, coesividade e gomosidade do recheio com organogel não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p > 0,05). Os valores de atividade de água da formulação com organogel foram mais altos do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Controle: 0,555±0,01). O valor de L* foi maior para o recheio controle, apresentando coloração mais amarelada do que a formulação com organogel. O recheio com organogel apresentou redução de 65 % do teor lipídico e aumento do teor proteico. Os recheios controle, com organogel e de mercado apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico durante a avaliação reológica, sendo que o produto de mercado teve comportamento próximo à formulação controle, com recuperação quase total da estrutura. Foram desenvolvidos cinco produtos, sendo três inovadores com valor nutricional agregado, atendendo às legislações vigentes, vida útil mínima de 6 semanas e ao apelo do mercado atual, podendo ser comercializados como biscoito recheado

In order to satisfy the demand of the public that is currently looking for healthier foods industries have been looking for alternatives that allow the application of ingredients that add nutritional value to the products. The reduction of saturated and trans fats in food products, as well as the insertion of cereals or nutritional flours, has been applied in bakery products. Filled cookies are usually based on wheat flour. The objective was to develop a formulation of filled cookies with replacement of vegetable fat for organogel in the filling and wheat flour for sorghum flour in the biscuit, in order to add nutritional value to the product. In this study, cookies filled with vegetable fat and wheat flour were used as a control where: 1) filling was replaced by organogel elaborated with an emulsified system (collagen + vegetable oil + water); and 2) base was prepared with partial and total replacer of wheat flour for sorghum flour in 50% (50FS) and 100% (100FS). Physical and physicochemical analyzes (texture, water activity, color, proximate composition and rheology) were carried out on the fillings and bases of the biscuits for evaluation and for the stability analysis of 6 weeks. The results showed that the 50FS cookies had a better texture value (Control: 16,09±1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63±5,68N and 10,09±0,65 N) and lower content of water activity (Week 1: 0,327±0,01 and Week 6: 0,389±0,00) than the control cookie during stability analysis. The 100FS had a more reddish color. The 50FS and 100FS cookies had a higher protein content than the control (Control: 5,37±0,23 %; 50FS 5,64±0,49 %). The fillings with organogel showed a higher hardness (N) than the control during stability analysis (Week 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Control: 4,29±0,38). The parameters of adhesiveness, cohesiveness and guminess of the filling with organogel showed no significant differences (p> 0.05). The water activity values of the organogel formulation were higher than the control filling (Week 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Control: 0,555±0,01). The value of L * was higher for the control filling, showing a more yellowish color than the formulation with organogel. The filling with organogel showed a 65% reduction in lipid content and an increase in protein content. The control, organogel and market fillings showed a thixotropic behavior in the rheological evaluation, and the market product had a behavior close to the control formulation, with almost total recovery of the structure. Five products were developed, three of which were innovative with added nutritional value, in compliance with current legislation, a minimum shelf life of 6 weeks, which can be sold as a stuffed cookies.

Hsp65-Producing Lactococcocus lactis Prevents Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice.

Oral tolerance is the physiological process that enables the immune system to differentiate between harmless dietary and microbiota antigens from pathogen derived antigens. It develops at the mucosal surfaces and can result in local and systemic regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Translation of these benefits to the clinical practice faces limitations involving specificity and doses of antigen as well as regimens of feeding. To circumvent these problems, we developed a recombinant Hsp65 delivered by the acid lactic bacteria Lactococcus lactis NCDO 2118 directy in the intestinal mucosa. Hsp65 is a ubiquitous protein overexpressed in inflamed tissues and capable of inducing immunoregulatory mechanisms. L. lactis has probiotic properties and is commonly and safely used in dairy products. In this study, we showed that continuous delivery of HSP65 in the gut mucosa by L. lactis is a potent tolerogenic stimulus inducing regulatory CD4+LAP+ T cells that prevented collagen-induced and methylated bovine serum albumin-induced arthritis in mice. Clinical and histological signs of arthritis were inhibited as well as levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IFN-γ, serum titers of anti-collagen antibodies and rheumatoid factor. Oral administration of L. lactis induced alterations in microbiota composition toward an increased abundance of anaerobic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Tolerance to HSP65 and arthritis prevention induced by the recombinant L. lactis was associated with increase in IL-10 production by B cells and it was dependent on LAP+ T cells, IL-10 and TLR2 signaling. Therefore, HSP65-producing treatment induced effective tolerance and prevented arthritis development suggesting it can be used as a therapeutic tool for autoimmune diseases.

Comparative study of peritoneal adhesions after intraperitoneal implantation in rats of meshes of polypropylene versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen.

PURPOSE: To Compare the extent and intensity of adhesions formed between the intra-abdominal organs and the intraperitoneal implants of polypropylene mesh versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen used for correction of abdominal wall defect in rats. METHODS: After the defect in the abdominal wall, thirty Wistar rats were placed in three groups (ten animals each) for intraperitoneal mesh implant: polypropylene group, polypropylene/polyglecaprone group, and polyester/porcine collagen group. The macroscopic evaluation of the extent and intensity of adhesions was performed 21 days after the implant. RESULTS: The polypropylene group had a higher statistically significant impairment due to visceral adhesions (p value = 0.002) and a higher degree of intense adherence in relation to polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen groups (p value<0.001). The polyester/porcine collagen group showed more intense adhesions than the polypropylene/polyglecaprone group (p value=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The intraperitoneal implantation of polypropylene meshes to correct defects of the abdominal wall caused the appearance of extensive and firm adhesions to intra-abdominal structures. The use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone or polyester/porcine collagen tissue-separating meshes reduces the number and degree of adhesions formed.

Avaliação de cookies adicionados de hidrolisados proteicos durante a estocagem / Evaluation of cookies with added protein hydrolysates during storage

O enriquecimento de biscoitos tem sido um segmento importante do mercado, visando melhorar o teor e a qualidade proteica de produtos à base de farinha de trigo. A utilização de hidrolisados proteicos é uma alternativa para este fim, que, entretanto, ainda é muito pouco explorada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos hidrolisados proteicos de soro de leite e de colágeno, nas características tecnológicas de cookies durante a estocagem. Os hidrolisados influenciaram as características tecnológicas dos cookies, diminuindo a umidade e a dureza, assim como causando um ligeiro escurecimento dos mesmos. Apesar disso, ainda foi possível obter produtos com características tecnológicas desejáveis e maior teor proteico.

Avaliação de cookies adicionados de hidrolisados proteicos durante a estocagem / Evaluation of cookies with added protein hydrolysates during storage

O enriquecimento de biscoitos tem sido um segmento importante do mercado, visando melhorar o teor e a qualidade proteica de produtos à base de farinha de trigo. A utilização de hidrolisados proteicos é uma alternativa para este fim, que, entretanto, ainda é muito pouco explorada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos hidrolisados proteicos de soro de leite e de colágeno, nas características tecnológicas de cookies durante a estocagem. Os hidrolisados influenciaram as características tecnológicas dos cookies, diminuindo a umidade e a dureza, assim como causando um ligeiro escurecimento dos mesmos. Apesar disso, ainda foi possível obter produtos com características tecnológicas desejáveis e maior teor proteico.(AU)

Comparative study of peritoneal adhesions after intraperitoneal implantation in rats of meshes of polypropylene versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen

Abstract Purpose To Compare the extent and intensity of adhesions formed between the intra-abdominal organs and the intraperitoneal implants of polypropylene mesh versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen used for correction of abdominal wall defect in rats. Methods After the defect in the abdominal wall, thirty Wistar rats were placed in three groups (ten animals each) for intraperitoneal mesh implant: polypropylene group, polypropylene/polyglecaprone group, and polyester/porcine collagen group. The macroscopic evaluation of the extent and intensity of adhesions was performed 21 days after the implant. Results The polypropylene group had a higher statistically significant impairment due to visceral adhesions (p value = 0.002) and a higher degree of intense adherence in relation to polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen groups (p value<0.001). The polyester/porcine collagen group showed more intense adhesions than the polypropylene/polyglecaprone group (p value=0.035). Conclusions The intraperitoneal implantation of polypropylene meshes to correct defects of the abdominal wall caused the appearance of extensive and firm adhesions to intra-abdominal structures. The use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone or polyester/porcine collagen tissue-separating meshes reduces the number and degree of adhesions formed.

Comparative study of fibrosis induced by Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro® meshes1.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the fibrosis induced by four different meshes: Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro®. METHODS: Histological cutouts of abdominal wall were analyzed with polarized light 28 days after the meshes implants and colorized by picrosirius to identify the intensity of collagen types I and III, and their maturation index. RESULTS: When the four groups were compared, the total collagen area analyzed was bigger in groups A and D, with no difference between them. The collagen type I density was bigger in group A, with an average of 9.62 ± 1.0, and smaller in group C, with an average of 3.86 ± 0.59. The collagen type III density was similar in groups A, B and C, and bigger in group D. The collagen maturation index was different in each of the four groups, bigger in group A with 0.87, group B with 0.66, group D with 0.57 and group C with 0.33 (p = 0.0000). CONCLUSION: The most prominent fibrosis promotion in the given meshes was found on Marlex® (polypropylene mesh) and the Parietex Composite® (non-biodegradable polyester); the collagen maturation index was higher in the Marlex® mesh, followed by Ultrapro®, Parietex Composite® and Vicryl® meshes.

Comparative study of fibrosis induced by Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro® meshes1

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the fibrosis induced by four different meshes: Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro®. Methods: Histological cutouts of abdominal wall were analyzed with polarized light 28 days after the meshes implants and colorized by picrosirius to identify the intensity of collagen types I and III, and their maturation index. Results: When the four groups were compared, the total collagen area analyzed was bigger in groups A and D, with no difference between them. The collagen type I density was bigger in group A, with an average of 9.62 ± 1.0, and smaller in group C, with an average of 3.86 ± 0.59. The collagen type III density was similar in groups A, B and C, and bigger in group D. The collagen maturation index was different in each of the four groups, bigger in group A with 0.87, group B with 0.66, group D with 0.57 and group C with 0.33 (p = 0.0000). Conclusion: The most prominent fibrosis promotion in the given meshes was found on Marlex® (polypropylene mesh) and the Parietex Composite® (non-biodegradable polyester); the collagen maturation index was higher in the Marlex® mesh, followed by Ultrapro®, Parietex Composite® and Vicryl® meshes.

Extracellular matrix and fibroblast injection produces pterygium-like lesion in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: Translational research to develop pharmaceutical and surgical treatments for pterygium requires a reliable and easy to produce animal model. Extracellular matrix and fibroblast are important components of pterygium. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the subconjunctival injection of fibroblast cells (NIH3T3 cell line) and exogenous extracellular matrix in rabbits in producing a pterygium-like lesion. METHODS: Six 3-month-old white New Zealand rabbits were injected with 20,000 NIH3T3 cells and 5 µL of Matrigel in the right conjunctiva, and with only 5 µL of Matrigel in the left conjunctiva. The eyes were photographed under a magnification of 16× using a 12-megapixel digital camera attached to the microscope on day 1, 3 and 7. Conjunctival vascularization was measured by analyzing images to measure red pixel saturation. Area of corneal and conjunctival fibrovascular tissue formation on the site of injection was assessed by analyzing the images on day 3 and 7 using area measurement software. Histopathologic characteristics were determined in the rabbit tissues and compared with a human primary pterygium. RESULTS: The two treatments promoted growth of conjunctival fibrovascular tissue at day 7. The red pixel saturation and area of fibrovascular tissue developed was significantly higher in right eyes (p < 0.05). Tissues from both treatments showed neovascularization in lesser extent to that observed in human pterygium. Acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema were found in tissues of both treatments. No elastosis was found in either treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Matrigel alone or in combination with NIH3T3 cells injected into the rabbits' conjunctiva can promote tissue growth with characteristics of human pterygium, including neovascularization, acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema. The combination of Matrigel with NIH3T3 cells seems to have an additive effect on the size and redness of the pterygium-like tissue developed.

Extracellular matrix and fibroblast injection produces pterygium-like lesion in rabbits

BACKGROUND: Translational research to develop pharmaceutical and surgical treatments for pterygium requires a reliable and easy to produce animal model. Extracellular matrix and fibroblast are important components of pterygium. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the subconjunctival injection of fibroblast cells (NIH3T3 cell line) and exogenous extracellular matrix in rabbits in producing a pterygium-like lesion. METHODS: Six 3-month-old white New Zealand rabbits were injected with 20,000 NIH3T3 cells and 5 µL of Matrigel in the right conjunctiva, and with only 5 µL of Matrigel in the left conjunctiva. The eyes were photographed under a magnification of 16× using a 12-megapixel digital camera attached to the microscope on day 1,3 and 7. Conjunctival vascularization was measured by analyzing images to measure red pixel saturation. Area of corneal and conjunctival fibrovascular tissue formation on the site of injection was assessed by analyzing the images on day 3 and 7 using area measurement software. Histopathologic characteristics were determined in the rabbit tissues and compared with a human primary pterygium. RESULTS: The two treatments promoted growth of conjunctival fibrovascular tissue at day 7. The red pixel saturation and area of fibrovascular tissue developed was significantly higher in right eyes (p < 0.05). Tissues from both treatments showed neovascularization in lesser extent to that observed in human pterygium. Acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema were found in tissues of both treatments. No elastosis was found in either treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Matrigel alone or in combination with NIH3T3 cells injected into the rabbits' conjunctiva can promote tissue growth with characteristics of human pterygium, including neovascularization, acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema. The combination of Matrigel with NIH3T3 cells seems to have an additive effect on the size and redness of the pterygium-like tissue developed.

Avaliação do efeito de diferentes tratamentos sobre a degradação do colágeno e progressão da lesão de cárie radicular: estudo "in vitro" / Evaluation of different treatments on the collagen degradation and progression of dentin caries "in vitro" study

A mensuração da degradação de colágeno radicular é um importante parâmetro para avaliar a progressão de cáries na dentina ou a eficácia de métodos terapêuticos na prevenção de lesões não cariosas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradação do colágeno da dentina radicular frente a métodos de prevenção de cárie, utilizando o teste da Hidroxiprolina e a microradiografia. Foram obtidos 40 blocos de dentina radicular com aproximadamente 1,5 mm de profundidade x 6 mm de diâmetro, a partir de incisivos bovinos, os quais foram submetidos ao processo de desmineralização artificial em tampão acetato (pH=5), a fim de induzir a formação de uma lesão cariosa. Em seguida as amostras foram submetidas aos tratamentos preventivos de cárie radicular: 1) Clorexidina 0,12% 1 min, 2) Flúor neutro 2% 1 min, 3) Nd: YAG Laser- 60 mJ 10 s e 4) Água Deionizada (controle) 1 min. Após os tratamentos as amostras foram expostas à degradação pela enzima colagenase (Tipo VII, Produto No. C0773, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) por um período de 5 dias. Ao final do desafio da colagenase, a solução contendo a enzima foi coletada para ser submetida ao teste da hidroxiprolina, para a mensuração da quantidade de colágeno degradado por meio de colorimetria em espectrofotômetro. Em seguida as mesmas amostras foram submetidas à mais 2 dias de desmineralização. Em complemento ao ensaio da hidroxiprolina as amostras foram expostas à microradiografia transversal para visualização e medição da área degradada. Uma análise descritiva dos dados obtidos foi realizada de modo a determinar o teste estatístico a ser aplicado. A análise de variância (ANOVA) para a HYP revelou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os tratamentos empregados (p>0,05). Os dados obtidos na microradiografia foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal Wallis e teste de comparações múltiplas, Dunn. Os dados de reptetição, comparações entre a desmineralização inicial (5 dias) e a segunda desmineralização (2 dias), foi realizado individulamente em cada grupo por teste T de medidas repetidas ou Wilcoxon. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos (p<0,0001). Dos tratamentos empregados, a clorexidina e o flúor foram eficazes na prevenção da progressão da cárie radicular(AU)

Quantification of collagen degradation is an important parameter to evaluate dentin caries progression of caries prevention aid. The aim of this study was to evaluate root collagen degradation against preventive methods by using the hydroxyproline assay and microradiography technique. Forty root dentin blocks were obtained with 1,5x6 mm (depth x diameter) from bovine incisors, which were submitted to artificial demineralization process by acetate buffer (PH=5), in order to induce a carious lesion. Then, the samples were submitted to preventive therapeutic treatment of root caries: 1) Chlorhexidine 0,12% 1 min, 2) Fluoride 2% 1 min, 3) Nd:YAG Laser - 60 mJ 10s, 4) Deionized Water (control) 1 min. After that, the samples were exposed to degradation by the collagenase enzyme (Type VII, Product No. C0773, Sigma- Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 5 days. Following the collagenase challenge, the enzyme solution was collected for assaying hydroxyproline released from collgen matrix, where it is possilble to measure the amount of degraded collagen by colorimetry in a spectrophotometer. Soon after, the same samples were submitted to a further 2 days of demineralization process. In addition to the hydroxyproline assay the samples were exposed to the transverse microradiography for a visualization of the degraded area. Soon after the colorimetric test the same samples were submitted to further two days of demineralization. A descriptive analysis of the data will be performed to determine the statistical test to be applied. ANOVA test revealed that there was no difference between the treatments (p>0,05). The microradiography data were submitted to the Kruskal Wallis test and multiple comparison test, Dunn. The repetition data, comparisons between the initial (5 days) and the second (2 days) demineralization, were performed individually in each group by repeated measures T-test or Wilcoxon (p<0,0001). Among the proposed treatments, chlorhexidine and fluoride were effective in preventing root caries progression(AU)

Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of N-Oxide Derivatives for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events.

Thrombosis is the main outcome of many cardiovascular diseases. Current treatments to prevent thrombotic events involve the long-term use of antiplatelet drugs. However, this therapy has several limitations, thereby justifying the development of new drugs. A series of N-oxide derivatives (furoxan and benzofuroxan) were synthesized and characterized as potential antiplatelet/antithrombotic compounds. All compounds (3a,b, 4a,b, 8a,b, 9a,b, 13a,b and 14a,b) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adenosine-5-diphosphate, collagen, and arachidonic acid. All compounds protected mice from pulmonary thromboembolism induced by a mixture of collagen and epinephrine; however, benzofuroxan derivatives (13a,b and 14a,b) were the most active compounds, reducing thromboembolic events by up to 80%. N-oxide derivative 14a did not induce genotoxicity in vivo. In conclusion, 14a has emerged as a new antiplatelet/antithrombotic prototype useful for the prevention of atherothrombotic events.

Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of perioral adverse reactions to cosmetic dermal fillers.

Facial cosmetic procedures are increasingly requested, and dermal filler materials have been widely used as a nonsurgical option since the 1980s. However, injectable fillers have been implicated in local adverse reactions. Therefore, the aim of this article was to describe the use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of foreign-body reactions to the perioral injection of dermal fillers. A 69-year-old woman presented with a painful nodule on her right nasolabial fold. Intraoral FNAC was performed, and cytologic smears were examined under optical and polarized light microscopy, showing birefringent microspheres, confirming the diagnosis of an adverse reaction caused by polymethyl methacrylate filler. FNAC is a less invasive method to confirm the diagnosis of adverse reactions caused by perioral cosmetic dermal fillers.

Low-level laser therapy in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis: a histological study.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Treatment of RA is very complex, and in the past years, some studies have investigated the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in treatment of RA. However, it remains unknown if LLLT can modulate early and late stages of RA. With this perspective in mind, we evaluated histological aspects of LLLT effects in different RA progression stages in the knee. It was performed a collagen-induced RA model, and 20 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 experimental groups: a non-injured and non-treated control group, a RA non-treated group, a group treated with LLLT (780 nm, 22 mW, 0.10 W/cm(2), spot area of 0.214 cm(2), 7.7 J/cm(2), 75 s, 1.65 J per point, continuous mode) from 12th hour after collagen-induced RA, and a group treated with LLLT from 7th day after RA induction with same LLLT parameters. LLLT treatments were performed once per day. All animals were sacrificed at the 14th day from RA induction and articular tissue was collected in order to perform histological analyses related to inflammatory process. We observed that LLLT both at early and late RA progression stages significantly improved mononuclear inflammatory cells, exudate protein, medullary hemorrhage, hyperemia, necrosis, distribution of fibrocartilage, and chondroblasts and osteoblasts compared to RA group (p < 0.05). We can conclude that LLLT is able to modulate inflammatory response both in early as well as in late progression stages of RA.

Characterization of the deposition of collagen fibers and lithogenic potential in bladder of rats submitted to a sugar cane biopolymer graft.

OBJECTIVES: Suture materials are widely used in urology. The interaction of these materials with the extracellular matrix in the inflammatory process can be estimated by stereology of collagen fibers and the present study was designed to determine the behavior of the bladder tissue of rats to grafts of the biopolymer of sugar cane (BPCA), and the inflammation and intravesical stone formation compared to the polyglactin 910. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 Wistar rats were divided in four groups: Group I (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of ~4-0 BPCA suture graft and euthanized at 4 weeks; Group II (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of 4-0 polyglactin 910 suture graft and euthanized at 4 weeks; Group III (n = 12) rats submitted to bladder implantation of ~4-0 BPCA suture graft and euthanized at 8 weeks; Group IV (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of 4-0 polyglactin 910 suture graft and euthanized at 8 weeks. Bladders collected at necropsy were analyzed for their weight and the presence of grafts and calculi. Sections were prepared for stereological analysis of collagen fibers. RESULTS: The bladder weight was higher in group I, particularly in the presence of bladder stones. The presence of the graft was observed in 100 % (group I), 80 % (group II), 91.6 % (group III) and 30 % (group IV); polyglactin 910 showed an absorption of 70 % in this period. The stereological analysis showed a higher volume density of collagen fibers in group I versus other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The BPCA was a material with good integration into the bladder of rats; its absorption was slower than that of the polyglactin 910. The presence of urinary stones was lower in bladders with implantation of BPCA, particularly after 8 weeks. There was a greater initial inflammatory response to BPCA graft that was directly related to the increase in bladder weight and the presence of urinary stones, but that equalized the results of polyglactin 910 after 8 weeks.

Characterization of the deposition of collagen fibers and Lithogenic potential in bladder of rats submitted to a sugar cane biopolymer graft

OBJECTIVES: Suture materials are widely used in urology. The interaction of these materials with the extracellular matrix in the inflammatory process can be estimated by stereology of collagen fibers and the present study was designed to determine the behavior of the bladder tissue of rats to grafts of the biopolymer of sugar cane (BPCA), and the inflammation and intravesical stone formation compared to the polyglactin 910. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 Wistar rats were divided in four groups: Group I (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of ~4-0 BPCA suture graft and euthanized at 4 weeks; Group II (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of 4-0 polyglactin 910 suture graft and euthanized at 4 weeks; Group III (n = 12) rats submitted to bladder implantation of ~4-0 BPCA suture graft and euthanized at 8 weeks; Group IV (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of 4-0 polyglactin 910 suture graft and euthanized at 8 weeks. Bladders collected at necropsy were analyzed for their weight and the presence of grafts and calculi. Sections were prepared for stereological analysis of collagen fibers. RESULTS: The bladder weight was higher in group I, particularly in the presence of bladder stones. The presence of the graft was observed in 100% (group I), 80% (group II), 91.6% (group III) and 30% (group IV); polyglactin 910 showed an absorption of 70% in this period. The stereological analysis showed a higher volume density of collagen fibers in group I versus other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The BPCA was a material with good integration into the bladder of rats; its absorption was slower than that of the polyglactin 910. The presence of urinary stones was lower in bladders with implantation of BPCA, particularly after 8 weeks. There was a greater initial inflammatory response to BPCA graft that was directly related to the increase in bladder weight and the presence of urinary stones, but that equalized the results of polyglactin 910 after 8 weeks.

Comparative study between meshes of polyester with collagen and polytetrafluoroethylene in the repair of defects produced in abdominal wall of rats.

PURPOSE: To study the intraperitoneal use of polyester with collagen and polytetrafluoroethylene meshes in the correction of total ventral wall defects in rats. METHODS: Thirty two rats were evaluated and divided randomly into four groups and underwent laparotomy and preparation of total defects of the abdominal wall. Next, the correction of the defect with the intraperitoneal placement of the chosen mesh was performed. The rats were submitted to euthanasia at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Were analyzed the macroscopic adhesions and microscopic aspects, and applied stress rupture test RESULTS: All animals showed intraperitoneal adhesions in varying degrees, with no statistical significance difference. There was no difference also between groups in the evaluation of stress rupture tests. On the microscopic aspect, the A30 group had less inflammatory reaction and less formation of granulomas and foreign body reaction that the B30 group, with significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in intraperitoneal adhesion and tensile rupture strength among groups. Group B30 presented granulomatous inflammatory reaction at the site of mesh attachment to the wall significantly higher than the A30.

Comparative study between meshes of polyester with collagen and polytetrafluoroethylene in the repair of defects produced in abdominal wall of rats / Estudo comparativo entre as telas de poliéster com colágeno e politetrafluoretileno no reparo de defeitos produzidos na parede abdominal de ratos

PURPOSE: To study the intraperitoneal use of polyester with collagen and polytetrafluoroethylene meshes in the correction of total ventral wall defects in rats. METHODS: Thirty two rats were evaluated and divided randomly into four groups and underwent laparotomy and preparation of total defects of the abdominal wall. Next, the correction of the defect with the intraperitoneal placement of the chosen mesh was performed. The rats were submitted to euthanasia at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Were analyzed the macroscopic adhesions and microscopic aspects, and applied stress rupture test RESULTS: All animals showed intraperitoneal adhesions in varying degrees, with no statistical significance difference. There was no difference also between groups in the evaluation of stress rupture tests. On the microscopic aspect, the A30 group had less inflammatory reaction and less formation of granulomas and foreign body reaction that the B30 group, with significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in intraperitoneal adhesion and tensile rupture strength among groups. Group B30 presented granulomatous inflammatory reaction at the site of mesh attachment to the wall significantly higher than the A30.

OBJETIVO: Estudar comparativamente o uso intraperitoneal das telas de poliéster com colágeno e politetrafluoretileno na correção de defeitos totais da parede ventral em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 32 ratos distribuídos em quatro grupos aleatórios e submetidos à laparotomia e confecção de defeitos totais da parede abdominal. Em seguida, foi realizada a correção do defeito com a colocação intraperitoneal das telas. A eutanásia ocorreu aos 30 e 90 dias do pós-operatório. Foram analisadas as aderências macroscópicas, aspectos microscópicos e aplicado teste de tensão de ruptura. RESULTADOS: Todos os animais apresentaram aderências abdominais intraperitoneais em vários graus, sem significância estatística. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na avaliação dos testes de tensão de ruptura. Na análise microscópica o grupo A30 teve menor reação inflamatória e formação de granulomas, e menor reação do tipo corpo estranho quando comparado ao grupo B30, com resultados significativos. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos tanto em relação à formação de aderências intraperitoneais quanto à tensão de ruptura. O grupo B30 apresentou reação inflamatória e formação granulomatosa no local de fixação na parede significativamente maior que o grupo A30.

A food supplement of hydrolyzed collagen improves compositional and biodynamic characteristics of vertebrae in ovariectomized rats.

Collagen hydrolysates (CHs) are mixtures of peptides obtained by partial hydrolysis of gelatins that are receiving scientific attention as potential oral supplements for the recovery of osteoarticular tissues. The effect of supplementing the diets with a CH was assessed in 48 ovariectomized rats by analyzing the compositional and biomechanical characteristics of the bone. Six groups of rats (three ovariectomized, one sham-operated, and two intact) were fed a standard diet, supplemented with either CH or gelatin (Control), at two levels: a dose equivalent to five times the amount suggested for humans (10 g/day) or another 10 times greater. After 8 weeks, the femora and vertebrae were excised, the blood was collected, and serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were determined. Bone weight, total protein, and biomechanical strength were also determined. The vertebrae of the ovariectomized group that received the higher dosage of CH withstood a load four times greater and exhibited higher levels of protein and osteocalcin content than those receiving either gelatin or no supplement. CH supplementation at the higher level in the ovariectomized rat had an unequivocal contribution in the conservation or preservation of vertebral mass, protein content, and mechanical strength not seen when gelatin was used as a supplement. Similar treatment of the intact rat with the CH, however, appeared to have the opposite effect.