[Application of machine vision image processing technology in dental implant surgery].

Machine vision image processing technology is extensively employed in the medical realm, particularly in dynamic navigation and robotic systems for oral implantology. It plays a pivotal role in assisting clinicians with precise implant placements, enhancing the predictability of implant restorations. The fundamental principles of machine vision image processing technology utilized in dynamic navigation and robotic systems for oral implantology primarily encompass spatial positioning and registration. However, due to variations in technical principles among different systems, their workflows and technical nuances exhibit distinctive characteristics. Therefore, commencing from the principles of spatial positioning and registration in machine vision image processing technology. This article delves into the current application landscape of machine vision in dynamic navigation and robotics for oral implantology. Its objective is to furnish valuable insights for the clinical implementation of machine vision-assisted implant technology.

Deep learning-based approach for 3D bone segmentation and prediction of missing tooth region for dental implant planning.

Recent studies have shown that dental implants have high long-term survival rates, indicating their effectiveness compared to other treatments. However, there is still a concern regarding treatment failure. Deep learning methods, specifically U-Net models, have been effectively applied to analyze medical and dental images. This study aims to utilize U-Net models to segment bone in regions where teeth are missing in cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans and predict the positions of implants. The proposed models were applied to a CBCT dataset of Taibah University Dental Hospital (TUDH) patients between 2018 and 2023. They were evaluated using different performance metrics and validated by a domain expert. The experimental results demonstrated outstanding performance in terms of dice, precision, and recall for bone segmentation (0.93, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively) with a low volume error (0.01). The proposed models offer promising automated dental implant planning for dental implantologists.

[Determination of the presence of an antibiotic in implant-bone biopsy specimens by Raman spectroscopy in experiment]. / Opredelenie nalichiya antibiotika v implantato-kostnykh bioptatakh metodom ramanovskoi spektroskopii v eksperimente.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to determine the presence of an amoxicillin-based antibiotic in bone implant biopsies by Raman spectroscopy in an experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental animals (n=10, a miniature pig of the Svetlogorsk breed) were divided into 2 groups of 5 animals. Groups 1 and 2 were injected with amoxicillin 2 ml per 20 kg of body weight 30 minutes before dental implantation surgery, then group 2 was additionally injected with 1 ml per 20 kg of body weight for 5 days. Each animal has 6 implants installed. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th day, an implant-bone biopsy was removed from each animal, micro-preparations were made and Raman spectroscopy was performed to assess the peak matching of the Raman spectrum. RESULTS: In animals of the 1st and 2nd groups, the main peak of the Raman spectrum, which is closest to the values of the antibiotic spectrum of interest to us, is located closer to 1448 cm-1 and 1446 cm-1, respectively. At the same time, in both observations, the peaks relate to the spectrum of bone tissue, which cannot indicate the content of an antibiotic in the drug. CONCLUSION: No scattering spectra corresponding to the antibiotic molecule were found in any animal from both groups, regardless of the mode of administration and dosage of amoxicillin. The detected peaks corresponded to bone tissue without an antibiotic.

[Constructive complications in dental implantology (clinical case series)]. / Konstruktivnye oslozhneniya v dental'noi implantologii (na primere klinicheskikh sluchaev).

The aim the study. Analyze errors in planning orthopedic treatment using dental implants using the example of clinical cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patients are presented who applied for a consultation at the orthopedic and surgical department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center Central Research Institute of Chronic and Peripheral Surgery of the Russian Ministry of Health regarding a fracture of a previously installed orthopedic structure on an implant. For diagnostic purposes, computed tomography was performed to determine the condition of the implants and teeth of the upper and lower jaws. RESULTS: The patients were found to have: a fracture of an implant 4.0*10 with a single orthopedic structure in the area of tooth 4.6 (the patient did not undergo restoration of the missing tooth 4.7 in the presence of an antagonist), a fracture of small diameter implants (3.5*9) in the area of 3.6, 3.7, prosthetic combined orthopedic crowns. CONCLUSIONS: During surgical and orthopedic treatment of patients, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions developed by the manufacturer of dental implants and the STaR recommendations.

[Teeth autotransplantation as an alternative to dental implantation]. / Autotransplantatsiya zuba kak al'ternativa dental'noi implantatsii.

The stages of preoperative planning and surgical treatment of compromised teeth by the method of autotransplantation of a tooth are presented on the example of two clinical cases. The autotransplantation method can be considered an alternative to dental implantation when strictly adhering to the surgical protocol and careful selection of patients.

[Neurologischer Notfall nach dentaler Implantation - was nun?]

Mit der Verbreitung von Zahnimplantaten ist die Zahl neurologischer Komplikationen gestiegen, wobei diese vor allem im Unterkiefer vorkommen. Verletzungen des Nervus alveo- laris inferior sind eine ernste Komplikation mit Inzidenzen für transiente Nervschäden bis zu 24% und persistierenden Schädigungen bis zu 11%.

Comparative Evaluation of Normal Saline Gel and Ozone Therapy on Soft and Hard Tissue Health in Dental Implant Surgery.

AIMS: To comparatively evaluate the effect of normal saline gel and ozonated saline-ozonated gel (ozone therapy) on pain, inflammation, soft tissue, and crestal bone loss in dental implant surgery. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Forty adult patients scheduled to undergo implant were randomized into two groups: Twenty patients (n = 20) received ozone therapy and controls (n = 20) received normal saline and gel during implant placement. Inflammation and pain were noted at days 1 and 7 and 3 month intervals by estimating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and assessing visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. At 3 months, soft tissue outcomes were noted in terms of plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth, while crestal bone loss was noted via a radiograph. RESULTS: Mean CRP levels were significantly higher in the control group as compared to that in the case group on day 1 and day 7 follow-ups (P < 0.05). Mean VAS scores for pain were also lower in the case group as compared to the control group at all follow-ups, but the difference was significant statistically only at day 1 (P = 0.061). The plaque index was significantly lower in the case group as compared to the control group (P = 0.011) at final follow-up. No significant difference between two groups was observed for crestal bone loss. CONCLUSIONS: Ozone therapy during implant placement was effective in reduction of pain, systemic inflammation, and plaque deposition in dental implant patients.

Retrospective evaluation and descriptive analysis of the prevalence of anatomical structures and variations in CBCT images before dental implant planning in a group Turkish population, part I.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of using cone-beam computed-tomography in order to determine the anatomical structures and their variations before the treatment in patients who apply to the dentist clinic for implant treatment. METHODS: In the study, CBCT images of 500 adult patients (240 female and 260 male), aged between 21 and 82 years, who applied for implant treatment due to missing teeth, were retrospectively analyzed. Anatomical structures and variations such as nasopalatine canal(NPC), canalis sinuosus(CS), antral alveolar artery(AAA), were evaluated in multiplanar reformation(MPR) sections which are axial, sagittal and coronal can be viewed in consistence with each other. RESULTS: The incidence of anatomical variation of CS in the right region was similar according to gender. The "Funnel" appearance of the NPC shape was found most common shape in both female and male patients (n = 89; 37.1% for females and n = 71; 27.3% for males). CONCLUSION: CBCT has become the most popular 3D imaging method in dental practice especially for planning dental implants. Understanding the relationship with important anatomical structures before implant applications is crucial in dealing with potential complications that may arise afterward. Assessing significant anatomical structures by CBCT and taking precautions against possible risks facilitate the work of dentists during and after procedures.

Robot-assisted surgery for dental implant placement: A narrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the current status and accuracy of robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) applications by examining the associated clinical and experimental outcomes. DATA AND SOURCES: PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 2000 and November 2023, and focusing on robotic CAIS in dental implant surgery. All search results were then manually reviewed to identify only the pertinent articles. Only in vitro and clinical studies were included in this narrative review, with implant placement accuracy considered the main outcome. RESULT: Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 21 studies (with 1085 implant sites); of them, 8 were clinical studies, 12 were in vitro studies, and 1 included both an in vitro study and a case series. The ranges of the mean implant shoulder, apical, and angular deviations were respectively 0.43-1.04 mm, 0.53-1.06 mm, and 0.77°-3.77° in the clinical studies and 0.23-1.04 mm, 0.24-2.13 mm, and 0.43°-3.78° in the in vitro studies, respectively. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of robotic CAIS in dental implant procedures appears to be within the clinically acceptable ranges. However, further relevant clinical trials validating the existing evidence are needed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Robotic CAIS can achieve clinically acceptable implant placement accuracy. This innovative technology may improve the precision and success rates of dental implant procedures, with benefit for surgeons and patients.

Comparison of stress distribution in fully porous and dense-core porous scaffolds in dental implantation.

The aim of this study is to compare the stress distribution in porous scaffolds with different structures with similar geometric parameters to study a new approach in dental implantation. Three-dimensional finite element models of the fully porous and dense-core porous scaffolds with defined porosity parameters including space diameter and thickness with two porosity patterns were embedded in the jaw bone model with cortical and cancellous bone. The cylindrical shape was considered as the main shape of the scaffolds. To evaluate the mechanical performance, the Von Mises stress was compared in the models under static and dynamic masticatory loading. Incidentally, to validate the modeling results, experimental strain gauge tests were performed on four specimens fabricated from Ti6Al4V. Finally, the stress distribution in the models was compared with the results of previous studies on commercial implants. The results of the finite element analysis show that there are considerable differences in the magnitude of the equivalent stress in the models in static and dynamic phases. Also, changes in the defined geometric parameters have significant effects on the stress distribution in terms of Von Mises stress in the overall models. The experimental results indicated good agreement with those of the modeling. It can be concluded that some porous structures with optimal geometries can be proposed as a new structure for dental implants. However, considering the physiology of bone when confronted with porous structures, further studies such as in vivo experiments are needed in this field.

Effectiveness of a flipped classroom for undergraduate in implant dentistry hands-on course.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the learning in the implant dentistry hands-on course to that of the flipped classroom (FC) and the traditional lecture cohorts (control). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study,80 students were enrolled for the first time in an implant dentistry program. Subsequently, they were divided into two groups. The first, the FC group, which had free access to a video with a PowerPoint presentation on the Chaoxing-WHU-MOOC platform about the implant placement on first molar sites before class. The second, the control group, which attended a didactic lecture describing implant practice on the first molar site via a bidirectional multimedia interactive teaching demonstration and then operated on a simulation model. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the deviation gauge were utilized to analyze the accuracy of the implant placement in the students' models. An online satisfaction questionnaire was distributed to both groups one week after the class. RESULTS: The linear deviation of the CBCT examination did not show any statistical difference between the two groups concerning cervical, apex, and angular. A significant buccal deviation was observed in the control group compared with the FC group (mean: 0.7436 mm vs. 0.2875 mm, p = 0.0035), according to the restoration-level deviation gauge. A total of 74.36% of students in the FC group placed implant within 0.5 mm buccal-to-lingual deviations, but only 41.03% of students in the control group reached within 0.5 mm buccal-to-lingual deviation ranges. Additionally, 91.67% of the students in the FC group and 97.5% of the students in the control group were satisfied with the practical implant class. CONCLUSION: FC was more effective than a didactic lecture for implant dentistry practical skill acquisition.

Preoperative assessment of bone density for dental implantation: a comparative study of three different ROI methods.

BACKGROUND: Dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is commonly used to evaluate cancellous bone density before dental implant surgery. However, to our knowledge, no measurement approach has been standardized yet. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between three different regions of interest (ROI) methods on cancellous bone density at the dental implant site using dental CBCT images. METHODS: Patients' dental CBCT images (n = 300) obtained before dental implant surgery were processed using Mimics (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). At the potential implant sites, the rectangle, cylinder, and surrounding cylinder ROI methods were used to measure bone density. Repeated measures one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the three ROI methods in terms of measurement results. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify the likely pair-wise correlations between the three ROI methods. RESULTS: The density value obtained using the surrounding cylinder approach (grayscale value [GV],523.56 ± 228.03) was significantly higher than the values obtained using the rectangle (GV, 497.04 ± 236.69) and cylinder (GV,493 ± 231.19) ROI methods in terms of results. Furthermore, significant correlations were noted between the ROI methods (r > 0.965; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The density measured using the surrounding cylinder method was the highest. The choice of method may not influence the trends of measurement results. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University Hospital, No. CMUH111-REC3-205. Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University Hospital, CMUH111-REC3-205, owing to the retrospective nature of the study.

Selected osteointegration markers in different timeframes after dental implantation: findings and prognostic value.

The study aimed to determine the osteointegration markers after dental implantation and evaluate their predictive value. The study was performed on 60 practically healthy persons who needed teeth rehabilitation using dental implants. The conical-shaped implants (CI) and hexagonal implants (HI) were used. The content of Osteopontin (OPN), Osteocalcin (OC), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and nitric oxide (NO) was determined in patients' gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), collected 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation. During the 3-6 months of observation level of OPN increased in patients with CIs (<50 years > 50 years) and HIs (<50 years) (CI: <50 years F = 36.457, p < 0.001; >50 years F = 30.104, p < 0.001; HI < 50 years F = 2.246, p < 0.001), ALP increased in patients with CIs (<50 years: F = 19.58, p < 0.001; >50 years: F = 12.01; p = 0.001) and HIs (<50 years) (F = 18.51, p < 0.001), OC increased in patients <50 years (CI: F = 33.72, p < 0.001; HI: F = 55.57, p < 0.001), but in patients >50 years - on the 3 days month (CI: F = 18.82, p < 0.001; HI: F = 26.26, p < 0.001), but sharply decreased at the end of sixth month. OPG increased during 1-3 months of the observation in patients <50 years (CI: F = 4.63, p = 0.037; HI: F = 2.8927, p = 0.046), but at the end of the sixth month returned to the initial level; NO content in PISF increased in patients with CI (>50 years) during 1-6 months of the observation (F = 27.657, p < 0.001). During the post-implantation period, age-related differences in osteointegration were observed. Patients <50 years old had relatively high levels of OPN, ALP, OC, and OPG in PISF, resulting in less alveolar bone destruction around dental implants and more intensive osteointegration. These indicators may be used as biological markers for monitoring implant healing. The process of osseointegration was more intense in CIs due to their comparatively high mechanical loading.

Does dynamic navigation assisted student training improve the accuracy of dental implant placement by postgraduate dental students: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of implant placement in models and satisfaction in dynamic navigation assisted postgraduate dental students training. METHODS: Postgraduate dental students who had at least one year of dental clinical practice with no experience in dental implant surgeries were included. Students were instructed to make treatment plans in the dynamic navigation system. Each student placed two maxillary right incisors, using freehand approach at first and then under dynamic navigation. The implant position was compared with treatment plan. Factors influencing the accuracy of implants placed under dynamic navigation were analyzed. Student acceptance towards the training and use of dynamic navigation was recorded using a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 21 students placed 42 implants. For freehand implant placement, the median entry point deviation, apex point deviation, and implant axis deviation was 3.79 mm, 4.32 mm, and 10.08°. For dynamic guided implant placement, the median entry point deviation, apex point deviation, and implant axis deviation was 1.29 mm, 1.25 mm, and 4.89° (p < 0.001). The accuracy of dynamic guided implant was not influenced by student gender or familiarity with computer games. All students were satisfied with the training. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic navigation system assisted students in improving the accuracy of implant placement and was well accepted by students.

The role of the general dental practitioner in the implant journey.

The relationship between referring dentist and implantologist can be crucial in making the treatment journey as efficient and effective as possible for patients. There are a number of considerations to discuss to allow effective communication of options with the patient, as well as the long-term management of these cases once returned to general practice.

Tratamento da periimplantite por meio da descontaminação do implante: um relato de caso / Treatment of peri-implantitis through implant decontamination: a case report

Os implantes dentários osseointegrados representam uma parte da reabilitação oral, sendo uma alternativa cada vez mais utilizada na Odontologia a fim de substituir dentes perdidos. À semelhança das doenças periodontais, o fator etiológico das doenças periimplantares é o acúmulo de biofilme ao redor dos implantes dentários. Esta patologia também é classificada de acordo com os tecidos acometidos por ela, em mucosite e periimplantite. Para um correto tratamento e sucesso na terapia periimplantar, o diagnóstico deve ser baseado na sua etiologia e, seu tratamento segue variando de acordo com cada caso e estágio da doença. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento de um caso de periimplantite por meio da descontaminação da superfície do implante através de uma cirurgia de acesso. Paciente leucoderma, com 56 anos, sexo feminino, procurou atendimento no curso de graduação em Odontologia do centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, com queixa de sangramento/supuração, dor e edema na região dos dentes 15 e 16, reabilitados com implantes, e exposição de componentes protéticos. A paciente foi diagnosticada com periimplantite. O plano de tratamento proposto foi de promover a descontaminação da superfície do implante por meio de acesso cirúrgico. Com base no caso clínico apresentado, foi possível concluir que a técnica de tratamento utilizada foi eficaz para a resolução da periimplantite, no período de acompanhamento do estudo (90 dias), demonstrando melhora nos parâmetros clínicos e radiográficos(AU)

Osseointegrated dental implants represent a part of oral rehabilitation, being an increasingly used alternative in Dentistry in order to replace lost teeth. Similar to periodontal diseases, the etiological factor of peri-implant diseases is the accumulation of biofilm around dental implants. This pathology is also classified according to the tissues affected by it, in mucositis and peri-implantitis. For a correct treatment and success in peri-implant therapy, the diagnosis must be based on its etiology, and its treatment continues to vary according to each case and stage of the disease. The present work aims to report the treatment of a case of peri-implantitis through the decontamination of the implant surface through an access surgery. Caucasian female patient, 56 years old, sought care at the graduation course in Dentistry at Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha ­ FSG, complaining of bleeding/suppuration, pain and edema in the region of teeth 15 and 16, rehabilitated with implants, and exposure of prosthetic components. The patient was diagnosed with peri-implantitis. The proposed treatment plan was to promote decontamination of the implant surface through surgical access. Based on the presented clinical case, it was possible to conclude that the treatment technique used was effective for the resolution of periimplantitis, in the follow-up period of the study (90 days), demonstrating improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters(AU)