[Integrity and misconduct in biomedical research]. / Integridad y conductas inapropiadas en investigación biomédica.

Editorial Boards of mainstream journals occasionally face ethical misconducts in received manus cripts. The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) provides recommendations for editors on how to deal with suspected ethical misconduct in either received or published manuscripts. The manus cript is rejected when malpractice is observed during the peer review process, however, if the mis conduct is detected after the publication, the publication will be retracted. The Revista Chilena de Pediatría (Chilean Journal of Pediatrics) has not been exempt from these type of conflicts. In this article, we analyze different aspects regarding the lack of integrity in publications, such as authorship, plagiarism, and conflict of interest. We can conclude that malpractices take place mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the authors rather than intent to defraud. It is expected that this article will suc ceed in instructing and sensitizing our researchers on good practices in research and publication, and contribute, as far as possible, to prevent this actions in the manuscripts sent to our Journal.

Integridad y conductas inapropiadas en investigación biomédica / Integrity and misconduct in biomedical research

Resumen: Los Comités Editoriales de revistas de corriente principal se ven enfrentados ocasionalmente a con ductas éticas inapropiadas en los manuscritos recibidos. El Comité de Ética en las publicaciones (COPE) ofrece recomendaciones para los editores respecto a cómo actuar frente a la sospecha de falta de ética en los manuscritos, ya sea recibidos o publicados. Cuando se pesquisa una mala práctica durante el proceso de revisión por pares, el manuscrito es rechazado, no obstante, si la conducta ina propiada es detectada después de la publicación de manuscrito, se procede a retractar la publicación. Revista Chilena de Pediatría no ha sido exenta a este tipo de conflictos. En este artículo analizamos los distintos aspectos relacionados con la falta de integridad de las publicaciones, como son las autorías, el plagio y el conflicto de intereses. Podemos concluir que las malas prácticas ocurren principalmente por desconocimiento de los autores, más que por intención de fraude. Se espera que el presente ma nuscrito logre instruir y sensibilizar a nuestros investigadores, respecto a las buenas prácticas en la investigación y publicación, y, contribuir, en lo posible, a prevenir que estas acciones ocurran en los manuscritos enviados a nuestra Revista.

Abstract: Editorial Boards of mainstream journals occasionally face ethical misconducts in received manus cripts. The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) provides recommendations for editors on how to deal with suspected ethical misconduct in either received or published manuscripts. The manus cript is rejected when malpractice is observed during the peer review process, however, if the mis conduct is detected after the publication, the publication will be retracted. The Revista Chilena de Pediatría (Chilean Journal of Pediatrics) has not been exempt from these type of conflicts. In this article, we analyze different aspects regarding the lack of integrity in publications, such as authorship, plagiarism, and conflict of interest. We can conclude that malpractices take place mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the authors rather than intent to defraud. It is expected that this article will suc ceed in instructing and sensitizing our researchers on good practices in research and publication, and contribute, as far as possible, to prevent this actions in the manuscripts sent to our Journal.

[Good practices and ethical principles: as necessary as ever]. / Buenas prácticas y principios éticos: más necesarios que nunca.

We are going through a moment in which acts of disregard to the ethics in the public function are being disclosed at all levels. It is important to know the codes of ethics and good practices of each of the functions performed. In the field of scientific publications, it is highly recommended that all researchers who wish to publish their studies get to know the good scientific practices and the basic ethical principles of publications in science. The vast majority of medical journals are guided by the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and with respect to ethical shortcomings, by the guidelines of the COPE (Committee on Ethics in Publications). Frequent examples of scientific misconduct that can be found in local magazines are problems of authorship, redundant publication and plagiarism and lack of declaration of conflict of interest. In the present article we provide links to self-learning resources on these topics and we emphasize the importance of their wide dissemination.

Buenas prácticas y principios éticos: más necesarios que nunca / Good practices and ethical principles: as necessary as ever

Nos encontramos atravesando un momento en el cual se están dando a conocer faltas a la ética en la función pública que habían venido ocurriendo a todo nivel. Es importante conocer los códigos de ética y buenas prácticas de cada una de las funciones que se desempeñan. En el ámbito de las publicaciones científicas, es muy recomendable que todos los investigadores que deseen realizar publicaciones conozcan las buenas prácticas científicas y los principios éticos básicos de las publicaciones en ciencias. La gran mayoría de revistas médicas se guían por las recomendaciones del Comité Internacional de Editores de Revistas Médicas (ICMJE) y en lo referente a las faltas éticas, por los lineamientos del Comité deÉtica en Publicaciones (COPE). Faltas frecuentes que se pueden encontrar en las revistas locales son problemas de autoría, publicación redundante y plagio y falta de declaración de conflicto de interés. En el presente artículo brindamos enlaces a recursos de autoaprendizaje en estos temas y enfatizamos la importancia de su amplia diseminación.

We are going through a moment in which acts of disregard to the ethics in the public function are being disclosed at all levels. It is important to know the codes of ethics and good practices of each of the functions performed. In the field of scientific publications, it is highly recommended that all researchers who wish to publish their studies get to know the good scientific practices and the basic ethical principles of publications in science. The vast majority of medical journals are guided by the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and with respect to ethical shortcomings, by the guidelines of the COPE (Committee on Ethics in Publications). Frequent examples of scientific misconduct that can be found in local magazines are problems of authorship, redundant publication and plagiarism and lack of declaration of conflict of interest. In the present article we provide links to self-learning resources on these topics and we emphasize the importance of their wide dissemination.

Acerca de publicación duplicada / About the duplicated publication

En 1969 se proclamó la regla Ingelfinger por Franz Joseph Ingelfinger, editor en jefe de la revista The New England Journal of Medicine. Esta regla estipula que un manuscrito solo podía ser considerado para publicación si su contenido no había sido publicado previamente.1,2 El término publicación duplicada o redundante, ha sido definido por el Comité Internacional de Editores de Revistas Médicas (CIERM) como la publicación de un artículo que se solapa o coincide sustancialmente con uno ya publicado en versión impresa o electrónica.3Al respecto, en los Requisitos de uniformidad para manuscritos enviados a revistas biomédicas: redacción y preparación de la edición de una publicación biomédica, se dice:La mayoría de las revistas biomédicas no toman en consideración los manuscritos que simultáneamente se han enviado a otras revistas. Entre las principales consideraciones que han conducido a esta política se incluyen: 1) las posibilidades de desacuerdo cuando dos o más revistas exigen el derecho a publicar un manuscrito que ha sido enviado simultáneamente a más de una; y 2) la posibilidad de que dos o más revistas emprendan, innecesariamente y sin saberlo, el trabajo de evaluación, editen el mismo manuscrito y publiquen el mismo artículo...

Retractions in general and internal medicine in a high-profile scientific indexing database.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Increased frequency of retractions has recently been observed, and retractions are important events that deserve scientific investigation. This study aimed to characterize cases of retraction within general and internal medicine in a high-profile database, with interest in the country of origin of the article and the impact factor (IF) of the journal in which the retraction was made. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study consisted of reviewing retraction notes in the Thomson-Reuters Web of Knowledge (WoK) indexing database, within general and internal medicine. METHODS: The retractions were classified as plagiarism/duplication, error, fraud and authorship problems and then aggregated into two categories: "plagiarism/duplication" and "others." The countries of origin of the articles were dichotomized according to the median of the indicator "citations per paper" (CPP), and the IF was dichotomized according to its median within general and internal medicine, also obtained from the WoK database. These variables were analyzed using contingency tables according to CPP (high versus low), IF (high versus low) and period (1992-2002 versus 2003-2014). The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for plagiarism/duplication. RESULTS: A total of 86 retraction notes were identified, and retraction reasons were found for 80 of them. The probability that plagiarism/duplication was the reason for retraction was more than three times higher for the low CPP group (RR: 3.4; 95% CI: [1.9-6.2]), and similar results were seen for the IF analysis. CONCLUSION: The study identified greater incidence of plagiarism/duplication among retractions from countries with lower scientific impact.

Spot the seven errors. Playing the game in the submission of scientific papers (Part 2) / Jogo dos sete erros no processo de submissão de artigos científicos (Parte 2) / Juego de los siete errores en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos (Parte 2)

Continuing "Spot the seven errors" game in the submission of scientific papers process begun in the previous issue, this editorial will discuss a second error: the 'salami science' phenomenon. For the trajectory of professionals working in the academic world is essential to undertake studies and subsequent publication of his findings. In this context, the 'salami science' is to publish results of a single study in several scientific articles, resulting in jobs with low relevance and little originality. It is observed that there is already a tendency to avoid the practice of this phenomenon. These actions will ensure the credibility of the journals, increasing the dissemination of appropriate conduct in the submission of scientific articles.

Em continuidade ao Jogo dos Sete Erros no processo de submissão de artigos científicos, iniciado na edição anterior, este editorial discorrerá sobre um segundo erro: o fenômeno 'salami science'. Para a trajetória do profissional que atua no mundo acadêmico é primordial a realização de estudos e consequente publicação de seus achados. Nesse contexto, o 'salami science' consiste em publicar resultados de um único estudo em diversos artigos científicos, dando origem a trabalhos de baixa relevância e pouca originalidade. Observa-se que já existe uma tendência para evitar a prática desse fenômeno. Essas ações irão assegurar a credibilidade dos periódicos, aumentando a disseminação de condutas adequadas no processo de submissão de artigos científicos.

Dando continuidad al Juego de los Siete Errores en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos, iniciado en la edición anterior, este editorial tratará sobre un segundo error: el fenómeno 'salami science'. Para la trayectoria del profesional que actúa en el mundo académico es primordial la realización de estudios y consecuente publicación de sus hallazgos. En este contexto, el 'salami science' consiste en publicar resultados de un único estudio en diversos artículos científicos, dando origen a trabajos de poca relevancia y originalidad. Se observa que ya existe una tendencia para evitar la práctica de este fenómeno. Estas acciones irán a asegurar a credibilidad de los periódicos, aumentando la diseminación de conductas adecuadas en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos.

O que compromete o ineditismo de um artigo?: [Editorial] / What compromises the ineditism of an article?: [Editorial]

A equipe editorial da Scientia Medica decidiu que continuará considerando para publicação artigos originais resultantes de teses, dissertações e trabalhos de conclusão de curso de nível superior (seja no seu todo ou em parte), assim como trabalhos apresentados em eventos e ainda não publicados sob a forma de artigo. Se ocorrer redundância por outras situações que não estas, o artigo será considerado como não inédito e impróprio para publicação neste periódico. A informação sobre a origem do trabalho deverá ser fornecida pelos autores e será repassada aos revisores quando iniciar o processo de revisão por pares. Se o artigo for aceito para publicação, a informação será disponibilizada aos leitores...

The editorial team of Scientia Medica decided that this journal will continue to consider, for publication, original articles based on theses and dissertations, as well as works presented at events and not yet published in the article form. If redundancy occur in other situations, the item will be considered as not inedit and therefore inappropriate for publication in this journal. Information on the origin of the work must be provided by the authors and will be passed to the reviewers when starting the process of peer review. If the article is accepted for publication, the information will be made available to readers...