ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Since the 2004 approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration of carotid artery stenting (CAS), there have been two seminal publications about CAS reimbursement (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines; 2008) and clinical outcomes (Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stent Trial [CREST]; 2010). We explored the association between these publications and national trends in CAS use among high-risk symptomatic patients. METHODS: The most recent congruent data sets of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were queried for patients undergoing carotid revascularization. The sample was limited to include only patients who were defined as "high-risk" if they had a Charlson Comorbidity Score of ≥3.0. Subgroup analyses were performed of high-risk patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Utilization proportions of CAS were calculated quarterly from 2005 to 2011 for NIS. Three time intervals related to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services guidelines and CREST publication were selected: 2005 to 2008, 2008 to 2010, and after 2010. Logistic regression with piecewise linear trend for time was used to estimate different trends in CAS use for the overall high-risk sample and for neurologically asymptomatic and symptomatic cases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare odds of postoperative mortality and stroke between these two procedures at different time intervals independent of confounding variables. RESULTS: During the study period, 20,079 carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) and 3447 CAS procedures were performed in high-risk patients in the NIS database. CAS utilization constituted 20.5% of carotid revascularization procedures among high-risk symptomatic patients, with a significant increase from 18.6% to 24.4% during the study period (P < .001). There was an initial increase during 2005 to 2008 in the rate of CAS compared with CEA, CAS utilization significantly decreased during 2008 to 2010 by a 3.3% decline in the odds ratio (OR) of CAS per quarter (OR, 0.967; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.943-0.993; P = .002), and after CREST (after 2010), CAS utilization continued to increase significantly from the prepublication to the postpublication time interval. The odds of in-hospital mortality (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.17-5.62; P = .019) and postoperative in-hospital stroke (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.09-3.68; P = .024) were independently and significantly higher for CAS patients in the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CAS for carotid revascularization in a high-risk cohort of patients has significantly increased from 2005 to 2011. Compared with CEA, CAS independently increased the odds of perioperative in-hospital stroke in all high-risk patients and of in-hospital mortality in symptomatic high-risk patients.
Subject(s)
Angioplasty/trends , Carotid Artery Diseases/therapy , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. , Clinical Trials as Topic , Endarterectomy, Carotid/trends , Guideline Adherence/trends , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends , Stents/trends , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Angioplasty/adverse effects , Angioplasty/mortality , Angioplasty/standards , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/mortality , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S./standards , Chi-Square Distribution , Comorbidity , Databases, Factual , Endarterectomy, Carotid/adverse effects , Endarterectomy, Carotid/mortality , Endarterectomy, Carotid/standards , Female , Guideline Adherence/standards , Hospital Mortality/trends , Humans , Linear Models , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Patient Selection , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Stents/standards , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/mortality , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , United StatesSubject(s)
Humans , Carotid Stenosis/surgery , Carotid Stenosis/complications , Carotid Stenosis/epidemiology , Carotid Stenosis/etiology , Carotid Stenosis/rehabilitation , Carotid Stenosis/therapy , Endarterectomy, Carotid/standards , Endarterectomy, Carotid/trends , Endarterectomy, Carotid/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Se presenta la evaluación retrospectiva de 69 procedimientos de endarterectomía carotídea intervenidos entre el 1 de enero de 1990 y el 30 de junio de 1995, con el objeto de analizar los fundamentos que avalan la indicación de cirugía carotídea prescindiendo de la arteriografía contrastada preoperatoria. Solamente se analizaron pacientes sintomáticos con lesiones críticas (entre 80 y 99 por ciento), descartando aquellos con otra patología extracarotídea. Todos se estudiaron con examen clínico, ecodoppler color, arteriografía contrastada y tomografía axial computarizada de cerebro. La correspondencia entre arteriografía y duplex scanning para la detección de estenosis severa fue de 94,2 por ciento (65/69). Hubo discordancia en el rango de 99 a 100 por ciento tanto en detección de permeabilidad como de oclusión. En las lesiones severas de la carótida interna, el porcentaje de estenosis es el dato más importante para convalidar la indicación quirúrgica y el ecodoppler lo determina con gran precisión. El examen clínico, la tomografía de cerebro y el ecodoppler pueden en su conjunto perfeccionar la indicación de arteriografía preoperatoria, de modo de hacerla selectiva y no rutinaria (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Stenosis/surgery , Endarterectomy, Carotid/methods , Brain Ischemia/surgery , Ischemic Attack, Transient/surgery , Carotid Arteries/surgery , Angiography/standards , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Stenosis/classification , Carotid Stenosis/diagnosis , Endarterectomy, Carotid/standards , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Ischemic Attack, Transient/classification , Ischemic Attack, Transient/diagnosis , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Se presenta la evaluación retrospectiva de 69 procedimientos de endarterectomía carotídea intervenidos entre el 1 de enero de 1990 y el 30 de junio de 1995, con el objeto de analizar los fundamentos que avalan la indicación de cirugía carotídea prescindiendo de la arteriografía contrastada preoperatoria. Solamente se analizaron pacientes sintomáticos con lesiones críticas (entre 80 y 99 por ciento), descartando aquellos con otra patología extracarotídea. Todos se estudiaron con examen clínico, ecodoppler color, arteriografía contrastada y tomografía axial computarizada de cerebro. La correspondencia entre arteriografía y duplex scanning para la detección de estenosis severa fue de 94,2 por ciento (65/69). Hubo discordancia en el rango de 99 a 100 por ciento tanto en detección de permeabilidad como de oclusión. En las lesiones severas de la carótida interna, el porcentaje de estenosis es el dato más importante para convalidar la indicación quirúrgica y el ecodoppler lo determina con gran precisión. El examen clínico, la tomografía de cerebro y el ecodoppler pueden en su conjunto perfeccionar la indicación de arteriografía preoperatoria, de modo de hacerla selectiva y no rutinaria