ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: to discuss the content of manuals, with emphasis on orthopedics, in support of the development of nursing care culture. METHODS: cultural-historical method articulated with document analysis technique. The sources were nursing manuals - Portuguese, French, English, and Spanish - from 1875 to 1928. RESULTS: this study pointed to 12 works - 6 authored by physicians, 2 by nurses, 3 institutional, and 1 by a Sister of Charity - that presented, in a transversal way, the professionalization process initiated in Europe. The manuals addressed first aid care and immobilization methods, from the simplest, such as improvised splints, to the application of plaster casts. CONCLUSIONS: the nurses' work, even in a limited capacity, showed that they were able to observe warning signs so that doctors could act, with some exceptions.
Subject(s)
History of Nursing , Manuals as Topic , Nursing Care , Orthopedics , Humans , Casts, Surgical/history , First Aid/history , First Aid/methods , First Aid/nursing , Orthopedics/education , Orthopedics/history , Splints , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Europe , Immobilization/methods , Nursing Care/methodsABSTRACT
O atendimento pre-hospitalar representa um dos grandes avancos medicos das ultimas decadas, sua capacidade de diminuir a mortalidade em diversas situacoes ja nao e discutida. No que se refere ao trauma, poucos estudos tem conseguido demonstrar vantagens neste tipo de atendimento, quando comparado a remocao imediata, pura e simples. Por este motivo, sua execucao tem sido revista nos ultimos anos, procurando melhorar a efetividade, a relacao custo-beneficio e diminuir a incidencia de complicacoes a ele inerentes. Neste sentido, uma verdadeira parafernalia de instrumentos vem sendo, progressivamente, abandonada. Hoje, como base para um atendimento pre-hospitalar justificavel, tem sido preconizada a formacao de equipes com treinamento teorico-pratico intenso, que contemple, nao uma infinidade, mas um restrito numero de procedimentos, comprovadamente capazes de influir na sobrevida destes pacientes, sem promover retardo na remocao, e uma supervisao medica constante, direta ou indireta (no caso de para-medicos)