Reabilitação com prótese oculopalpebral após exenteração de órbita: relato de caso / Rehabilitation with oculopalpebral prosthesis after orbit exenteration: a case report / Rehabilitación com prótesis oculopalpebral después de la exenteración de la órbita: reporte de un caso

Introdução: A ressecção cirúrgica de tumores em região de cabeça e pescoço é um tratamento eficaz, mas que implica em significativa desfiguração facial dependendo da localização da lesão. Aqueles pacientes considerados curados precisam ser reabilitados estética e funcionalmente para que possam ser reintegrados às funções sociais. A prótese maxilofacial é um artefato de baixo custo, que pode resolver essa necessidade. Relato de caso: Esse artigo relata o caso de uma paciente de 19 anos submetida à exenteração de órbita para tratamento de Tumor Fibroso Solitário Retrorbitário que, após a cirurgia e radioterapia adjuvante, foi reabilitada por meio de prótese óculopalpebral em silicone. Conclusão: O caso foi considerado um sucesso e ressalta a importância do cirurgião dentista na equipe oncológica e o positivo impacto psicológico e social da reabilitação(AU)

Introduction: Surgical resection of head and neck tumors is an effective treatment, but it implies significant facial disfigurement depending on the location of the lesion. Those patients considered cured need to be rehabilitated aesthetically and functionally so that they can be reintegrated into social functions. The maxillofacial prosthesis is an artifact of low cost, which can solve thisneed. Case Report: This article reports the case of a 19-year-old patient who underwent orbit exanteration for the treatment of Solitary Retrorbital Fibrous Tumor, which, after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, was rehabilitated using an oculopebral prosthesis made of silicone. Conclusion: The case was considered a success and highlights the importance of the dental surgeon in the oncology team and the positive psychological and social impact of rehabilitation(AU)

Introducción: La resección quirúrgica de los tumores de cabeza y cuello es un tratamiento eficaz, pero implica una desfiguración facial significativa según la ubicación de la lesión. Aquellos pacientes considerados curados necesitan ser rehabilitados estética y funcionalmente para que puedan reintegrarse a las funciones sociales. La prótesis maxilofacial es un artefacto de bajo costo que puede resolver esta necesidad. Reporte del caso: Este artículo informa el caso de una paciente de 19 años que se sometió a una exenteración de órbita para el tratamiento del tumor fibroso retrorbital solitario, que, después de la cirugía y la radioterapia adyuvante, fue rehabilitada con una prótesis oculopalpebral de silicona. Conclusión: El caso se consideró un éxito y destaca la importancia del cirujano dental en el equipo de oncología y el impacto psicológico y social positivo de la rehabilitación(AU)

Os papéis ocupacionais de pessoas com câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Occupational roles of people with head and neck cancer

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de cabeça e pescoço tem elevada incidência e alta mortalidade e seu diagnóstico etratamento influenciam a vida ocupacional da pessoa adoecida e de seus familiares. OBJETIVO: conhecer a configuração dos papéis ocupacionais de pessoas com este tipo de câncer,submetidas a laringectomia total ou parcial. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo, exploratório e transversal, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética (Proc. nº 1102/2010). Foi utilizado o protocolo “Lista de Identificação dos Papéis Ocupacionais”, validada no Brasil; osdados quantitativos foram analisados pelo teste do Qui quadrado. Dados qualitativos complementares foram coletados por entrevista aberta e analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo temático. CASUÍSTICA: Grupo de estudo com 30 pessoas atendidas pela Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço (CCP), sendo 15 da enfermaria, no pós-cirúrgico imediato, e 15 do Ambulatório, (no mínimo um ano após a cirurgia). Grupo-controle compostopor 30 pessoas sem diagnóstico de câncer. Foram selecionadas 3 do ambulatório (20% do grupo de estudo) para as entrevistas. RESULTADOS: Demonstrou-se que ocorreram mudanças ou perdas de papéis ocupacionais, principalmente do papel de trabalhador. CONCLUSÃO: As consequências psicossociais e ocupacionais do câncer de cabeça e pescoço devem ser consideradas e cuidadas para um melhor e mais eficaz tratamento prestado a essa população.

The head and neck cancer has a high incidence and high mortality and its diagnosis and treatment influence the occupational life of the diseased personand their family. OBJECTIVE: To know the configuration of the occupational roles of people with this type of cancer,undergoing total or partial laryngectomy. METHODS: A quantitative, exploratory cross-sectional study approved by the Ethics Committee (Proc. No. 1102/2010). We used the protocol “List of Identifi cation of Occupational Roles”, validated in Brazil; quantitative data were analyzed by chi-square test. Additionalqualitative data were collected through open interviews and analyzed by the method of content analysis. PATIENTS: Study group with 30 persons served by Head and Neck Surgery (CCP), with 15 ward in the immediate post-surgical, outpatient and 15, (at least one year after surgery). Control group consisting of 30 people without cancer. Were selected from the outpatient clinic3 (20% of the study group) for interviews. RESULTS: It wasdemonstrated that there were changes or loss of occupational roles, especially the role of worker. CONCLUSION: The psychosocial and occupational consequences of head and neck cancer should be considered and cared for better and more effective treatmentprovided to this population.

Surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with hemimandibular defect.

PURPOSE: This work intended to investigate, by means of a literature revision, the techniques and materials used for the rehabilitation of hemimandibular defect patients, prosthetic and occlusal aspects of these patients, and chewing and swallowing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the confection of this revision, we consulted the database indexers Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciELO and found studies published between the periods 1972 and 2008. The terms used for the search had been "to hemimandibular defects," "to temporomandibular joint protheses," and "vascularized cap grafts," which had been searched separately and combined. CONCLUSIONS: Diverse techniques and materials used for the reconstruction of hemimandibular defects exist; however, great bone resorption is still observed, which will compromise the prosthetic rehabilitation of these patients. More prospective works and stories of clinical cases duly registered will be able to elucidate in a clearer form the anatomic and functional devolutions of the verbal socket of hemimandibular defect patients.

Faringocoloplastia como reconstrução tardia pós-faringolaringectomia total por carcinoma espinocelular de hipofaringe: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Pharyngocoloplasty as late reconstruction post-pharyngolaryngectomy by hypopharynx

Introdução: O carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço representa cerca de 5% de todas as neoplasias malignas. A localização dessa neoplasia no trato aerodigestivo superior é um fator prognóstico importante, sendo que, na maioria dos casos de hipofaringe, apresentam-se já avançados no momento do diagnóstico. A ressecção cirúrgica, quimioterapia e radioterapia adjuvantes têm grande importância no seu tratamento. Muitos pacientes, com controle loco-regional da doença, beneficiam-se de procedimentos cirúrgicos reparadores e de reconstrução do trânsito intestinal. Relato de caso: Homem, 38 anos, ex-etilista e ex-tabagista, com queixa de disfagia e dispneia rapidamente progressivas, submetido à traqueostomia de urgência por insuficiência respiratória aguda. À investigação, foi diagnosticado um carcinoma espinocelular de supraglote, com extensão para a parede medial do recesso piriforme esquerdo. O paciente foi, então, submetido à faringolaringectomia total, seguida de quimiorradiação. Sem sinais de recidiva tumoral após 12 meses de acompanhamento, foi realizada faringocoloplastia como reconstrução do trânsito intestinal. Encontrase atualmente em acompanhamento ambulatorial sem evidência de recidiva tumoral e satisfeito com o resultado cirúrgico final. Discussão: A reconstrução do trânsito intestinal em pacientes submetidos à faringolaringectomias é indicada para pacientes com controle local da doença e que aceitem o procedimento cirúrgico. A técnica mais utilizada é a interposição de alça de delgado. Porém, o cólon também é utilizado como substituto do esôfago. A escolha da técnica depende fundamentalmente da acurácia técnica do cirurgião e da necessidade de uma longa alça para anastomose entre a faringe e o estômago, com resultados satisfatórios.

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma represents about 5% of all malignant tumors. Localization of this neoplasia at the upper aerodigestive tract is an important prognostic factor. In most cases, hypopharynx tumors are at an advanced stage when diagnosed. Surgical resection, as well as alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are essential to the treatment. Many patients with locoregional control of the disease benefit from reparative and reconstructive surgeries of the intestinal transit. Case report: Man, 38 years old, former user of alcohol and tobaco, complaining of rapid progressive dysphagia and dyspnea, submitted to urgent tracheotomy due to acute respiratory failure. At examination, we diagnosed supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma, involving the left pyriform fossa medial wall. The patient underwent a pharyngolaryngectomy, followed by chemoradiation. Without signs of tumor recurrence after a 12-month follow-up, we performed a pharyngocoloplasty with reconstruction of the intestinal transit. At the moment, he is attending for an outpatient follow-up, with no evidences of tumor recurrence, and satisfied with the final surgical outcome. Discussion: The reconstruction of intestinal transit in pharyngolaryngectomy patients is indicated for those with local control of the disease and that accept this surgicalprocedure. The most used technique is the loop interposition of small intestine, but the colon is also used for esophageal replacement. Its choice depends mainly on the technical accuracy of the surgeon, but also on the requirement of a lengthy loop for the anastomosis between pharynx and the stomach, with suitable results.

Auricular rehabilitation by means of bone grafting from the iliac crest in combination with porous extraoral implants: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial defects caused by cancer treatment are a huge problem affecting the quality of life of patients. Some of these deformities are minimized using facial epitheses, which need some additional retention devices like glasses or skin adhesives. The use of extraoral fixtures as bone anchorage was introduced many years ago and since then many patients were rehabilitated with better results. PURPOSE: Because of poor bone conditions, for example, irradiated bone, the success rate of extraoral implants is less than in the oral cavity, causing difficulties to rehabilitation. One possible cause of fixture failure could be the poor primary stability achieved in some cases, hence, with an increased bone contact implant stability and survival could be improved. The present report discusses possibilities to use extraoral fixtures with a modified surface structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A new porous surfaced Brazilian extraoral implant (MasterExtra, Conexão, Sistema de Próteses, São Paulo, Brazil) was used. A bone transplant from the iliac crest was taken to make it possible to insert at least three extraoral implants for an auricle epithesis. Clinical evaluation and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements were performed during the course of the treatment. RESULTS: Eight months after grafting, four fixtures were inserted. Three fixtures were used for connection of an auricular epithesis. RFA measurements did show high initial values and the values remained stable during the course of the treatment and at later checkups. CONCLUSION: Porous fixture is a good option in areas where the bone is compromised. RFA is a good tool also in the clinical setting to evaluate immediate and long-term stability of extraoral fixtures.

Positioning magnets on a multiple/sectional maxillofacial prosthesis.

AIM: The aim of this report is to describe a quick and simple method of positioning retention magnets when deformed patients are rehabilitated with an oculopalpebral prostheses attached to a maxillary denture/obturator. BACKGROUND: In patients with deformities requiring complex rehabilitations, the use of magnets is the most efficient means of providing combined prostheses with retention quality and stability. Usually prostheses with magnets are in sections and have a magnet in each section. When the sections are put together properly, the magnets are attracted to each other and retain the sections. REPORT: An edentulous patient presented for a post-surgical evaluation of a maxillofacial prosthesis used to repair a partial maxillectomy and left orbital exoneration which removed all adjacent tissues leaving an open communication between the oral, nasal, and orbital cavities. The proposed treatment plan included construction of a maxillary complete denture with a palatal obturator and a mandibular complete denture. Magnets were used to attach the oculopalpebral prosthesis to the maxillary denture/obturator. SUMMARY: Use of retention magnets simplify the clinical and laboratorial phase, retains the denture, and makes it stable and comfortable for the patient. This treatment is one successful approach to the restoration of oral function and increases the patient's quality of life.

O esvaziamento cervical e o papel da fisioterapia na sua reabilitação / Cervical lymph node dissection and the role of physical therapy in its rehabilitation

O câncer de cabeça e pescoço é de alta incidência no Brasil, ocasionando altas taxas de morbidade e de mortalidade.Com freqüência, há o comprometimento dos linfonodos regionais, localizados na região cervical, e este é um dos indicativos prognósticos importantes nesses pacientes. O esvaziamento cervical é o procedimento cirúrgico mais utilizado, podendo ser realizado de forma radical ou modificado, este último preservando algumas estruturas de importância funcional para o pescoço. O esvaziamento cervical radical ocasiona uma seqüela estética e funcional importante em praticamente todos os pacientes submetidos a esta operação, levando a uma síndrome dolorosa e a perda funcional do membro superior ipsilateral ao procedimento, sendo esta uma complicação importante para o fisioterapeuta. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura para analisar as complicações deste procedimento cirúrgico e demonstrar a importância da atuação da fisioterapia nestas condições. Através deste estudo,pode-se verificar que os recursos fisioterapêuticos são de grande importância para o tratamento das seqüelas do esvaziamento cervical, mesmo com a escassez de pesquisas na área, os quais têm por objetivo reduzir a dor, minimizar o desconforto, melhorar a funcionalidade da cintura escapular e do membro superior acometido, e conseqüentemente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

Socioeconomic effects of and risk factors for disability in long-term survivors of head and neck cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the socioeconomic effect of and risk factors for work-related disability due to head and neck cancer and its treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a consecutive series of patients. SETTING: Tertiary cancer center hospital. PATIENTS: Eligible patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract, were employed or had an active professional career at the time of initial diagnosis, and were disease free for at least 2 years at the time of interview. The survey instruments were a specific questionnaire to evaluate patient socioeconomic status and a Portuguese version of the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive analysis of the results and associations between clinical, social, and quality of life variables with work disability. RESULTS: A total of 301 patients were studied. There were 236 (78.4%) men (median age, 52 years). The tumor sites were the oral cavity in 158 (52.5%), oropharynx in 55 (18.3%), larynx in 78 (25.9%), and hypopharynx in 10 (3.3%). Most patients presented with advanced clinical disease and underwent surgical treatment initially. There were 36 (12.0%) illiterate patients, and only 23 (7.6%) patients had completed college. Ninety-nine patients (32.9%) became unable to work, and 126 (41.9%) reported a significant decrease in household income. Multivariate analysis showed that advanced clinical stage (P = .02), alcohol consumption (P = .02), and low educational level (P = .007) were associated independently with work disability. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a high rate of work-related disability that led to significant decrease in household income. Several clinical, social, and quality of life variables were associated with this degree of disability. These results could be used to better define who should undergo more intensive rehabilitation aiming to reduce work disability. If intensive rehabilitation is unsuccessful, these patients should receive more comprehensive social support.

Reabilitaçäo em câncer da cabeça e pescoço, 1974-2000 / Reabilitation head and neck neoplasms from 1974 to 2000

O texto inclui informaçöes epidemiológicas sobre o câncer de cabeça e pescoço e descreve detalhadamente as várias modalidades de próteses usadas para a reabilitaçäo. Um breve e interessante relato da evoluçäo histórica das próteses é também apresentado. As fotos atestam, näo apenas a qualidade técnica das próteses desenvolvidas na FOSP, mas demonstram ainda o caráter artístico e artesanal que envolve a confecçäo das mesmas. Igualmente importantes, para a eficiência de uma reabilitaçäo, säo a fonoaudiologia e a terapia psicológica. Particularidades fonoaudilógicas, concernentes à reabilitaçäo destes pacientes, estäo também contidas nesse volume

Colgajos para la reconstrucción de cabeza y cuello. Experiencia en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México / Flaps for head and neck reconstruction

Con la reconstrucción quirúrgica de pérdidas tisulares por cáncer de cráneo, cavidad oral y cuello, se pretende reparar la zona resecada, de tal manera que resulte lo más parecida, funcional y estéticamente a la zona original, para ofrecer al paciente calidad de vida lo más satisfactoria posible. Para planificar la reconstrucción, debemos tomar en cuenta varios factores como son: el tipo de neoplasia, la dimensión del defecto resultante después de la excisión tumoral, la localización, la edad y las condiciones de los tejidos vecinos. Se revisaron expedientes de todos los pacientes operados en el Departamento de cabeza y cuello, que requirieron de algún procedimiento reconstructivo desde 1990 hasta 1996. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 189 pacientes, 108 mujeres y 81 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 95 años. Se realizó reconstrucción inmediata en 162 pacientes y diferida en 27 de ellos. Se utilizaron diversos tipos de colgajos como musculocutáneos en 62 casos, cutáneos en 71 casos y colgajos libres con anastomosis microvascular en 10 pacientes. Los resultados funcionales fueron buenos, se valoró la apertura de la boca, la función del esfínter oral, la deglución y el habla. Concluimos que siempre que sea factible se deben utilizar colgajos locales, pues tienen características similares a la zona a reconstruir. Los colgajos libres microvascularizados están indicados cuando no es posible el uso de los colgajos locales y cuando se trata de reconstrucciones en las que se necesita restablecer las estructuras complejas como hueso y tejidos blandos

Obturadores para defectos palatinos: Un nuevo método de elaboración / Obturators for palatine defects: A new elaboration process

Las prótesis para obturar defectos palatinos son hechas con metil metacrilato de termopolimerización y retenedor de acero forjado que se fijan a los dientes remanentes. Este proceso es largo, costoso y laborioso. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia con un método alternativo de elaboración con polivinil acetato polietileno son una excelente alternativa a los obturarodores tradicionales

Reparación de grandes defectos cutáneos con colgajos libres microvasculares / Skin coverage after surgical removal of extensive skin cancers with microvascular free flaps

Antecedentes: La reparación de grandes defectos cutáneos post-resección de tumores malignos representó durante años un desafío difícil de solucionar para el cirujano oncológico debido a las limitaciones impuestas por los procedimiento reconstructivos. Objetivo: Se analizó la experiencia de la División de Cirugía Oncológica del Hospital de Clínicas en las reconstrucciones post-resección de tumores cutáneos con colgajos libres microquirúrgicos entre los años 1986-1997. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo. Población: Se analizaron 37 enfermos (31 con lesiones de cabeza y cuello, 4 en miembro superior y 2 en miembro inferior) en quienes se realizaron 39 colgajos sobre un total de 147 pts. reconstruidos con 153 colgajos, en quienes se realizaron 24 colgajos radiales, 14 paraescapulares, y 1 dorsal ancho. Métodos: Se realizó la revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes portadores de tumores cutáneos, analizándose la aplicabilidad del método, las complicaciones y un análisis de resultados categorizándolos en buenos, regulares y malos. Resultados: Se registró un índice global de complicaciones de 13 por ciento (5 casos). En 2 casos necrosis del colgajo. No hubo mortalidad operatoria. 94 por ciento de los pts. tuvieron resultados buenos o regulares. Conclusiones: Las reconstrucciones con colgajos microquirúrgicos tienen distintas ventajas sobre las técnicas hasta ahora utilizadas. Por esta razón son preferidas para la reconstrucción de grandes defectos planos, en dos y o en tres dimensiones; en un tiempo operatorio, con escasa morbilidad y nula mortalidad, y resultados estéticos y funcionales superiores. El colgajo radial tiene un pedículo, puede disecarse y requiere el uso de injerto sobre la zona dadora. El paraescapular de fácil disección, provee una isla de piel delicada de gran extensión, tiene un pedículo confiable y permite el cierre primario de la zona dadora (AU)

Reparación de grandes defectos cutáneos con colgajos libres microvasculares / Skin coverage after surgical removal of extensive skin cancers with microvascular free flaps

Antecedentes: La reparación de grandes defectos cutáneos post-resección de tumores malignos representó durante años un desafío difícil de solucionar para el cirujano oncológico debido a las limitaciones impuestas por los procedimiento reconstructivos. Objetivo: Se analizó la experiencia de la División de Cirugía Oncológica del Hospital de Clínicas en las reconstrucciones post-resección de tumores cutáneos con colgajos libres microquirúrgicos entre los años 1986-1997. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo. Población: Se analizaron 37 enfermos (31 con lesiones de cabeza y cuello, 4 en miembro superior y 2 en miembro inferior) en quienes se realizaron 39 colgajos sobre un total de 147 pts. reconstruidos con 153 colgajos, en quienes se realizaron 24 colgajos radiales, 14 paraescapulares, y 1 dorsal ancho. Métodos: Se realizó la revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes portadores de tumores cutáneos, analizándose la aplicabilidad del método, las complicaciones y un análisis de resultados categorizándolos en buenos, regulares y malos. Resultados: Se registró un índice global de complicaciones de 13 por ciento (5 casos). En 2 casos necrosis del colgajo. No hubo mortalidad operatoria. 94 por ciento de los pts. tuvieron resultados buenos o regulares. Conclusiones: Las reconstrucciones con colgajos microquirúrgicos tienen distintas ventajas sobre las técnicas hasta ahora utilizadas. Por esta razón son preferidas para la reconstrucción de grandes defectos planos, en dos y o en tres dimensiones; en un tiempo operatorio, con escasa morbilidad y nula mortalidad, y resultados estéticos y funcionales superiores. El colgajo radial tiene un pedículo, puede disecarse y requiere el uso de injerto sobre la zona dadora. El paraescapular de fácil disección, provee una isla de piel delicada de gran extensión, tiene un pedículo confiable y permite el cierre primario de la zona dadora

Treatment planning, total rehabilitation and quality of life of the head and neck cancer patient

Head and neck cancers are devastating diseases for which there are numerous therapeutic options that will result in a high cure rate, but with significant physical and psychosocial sequelae. The ultimate goal of treatment is disease eradication an rehabilitation of physiological, psychological and social status. To achieve this objective it is necessary to avoid fragmented care. Good medical care involves a concerted effort of several medical disciplines, as well as collaboration of dentists, speech therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists, nurses, nutrition specialists and social workers. The rehabilitation program should start when cancer treatment is planned. With the increase in rehabilitation measures and consequent decrease in morbidity the improvement in the quality of life of the head and neck cancer patient becomes a realistic possibility. Several developments in plastic surgery (myocutaneous flaps, microsurgery) and maxillofacial prosthesis have resulted in great improvement in function and cosmetic appearance. Self concept, self-esteem, and body image immediately follow survival in order of in importance. The patient's self-image is crucial for his/her reintegration and adaptation to family, social life and work. Several recent publications have introduced quality of life parameters as an integral part of the evaluation process in clinical practice. The quality of life concept in the health sciences is used to describe aspects of health status as physical symptoms, daily activity level, psychological well-being, and social functioning. Finally, some highlights of the quality of life measurement are reviewed.

Repeated use of the same myocutaneous flap in difficult second operations of the head and neck.

We have found that the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap is so reliable a flap that in seven selected patients we completely re-elevated, isolated, and transposed it to a new reconstructive site in the head and neck. This may be accomplished safely, despite full courses of external-beam radiation therapy to the flap. We discuss the principles of this and propose that it can be extended and applied to other island, pedicle, or free flaps. The manner in which the flap can be reused and integrated with microvascular transfer or other regional pedicle flaps in complex secondary operations must be determined by the individual reconstructive surgeon on the basis of the requirements of the reconstruction. This technique will make one more tool available to the surgeon for reconstruction.