Comparative efficacy of pharmaceutical (Ibuprofen) and non-pharmaceutical (photobiomodulation, and chewing gum) interventions for pain reduction after elastomeric separator placement in orthodontic patients: a randomized clinical trial.

This study compared the efficacy of pharmaceutical (ibuprofen) and non-pharmaceutical (photobiomodulation and chewing gum) interventions for pain reduction after elastomeric separator placement in orthodontic patients. This 3-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 orthodontic patients. The level of anxiety and pain threshold of patients were measured at baseline using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and an algometer, respectively. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 30; equal number of males and females). In the laser group, 940 nm diode laser (Epic X, Biolase, USA, 12.35 J/cm2 energy density and 300 mW power in continuous-wave mode., The cross-sectional area of the laser handpiece tip was 1.7 cm2.) was irradiated to the buccal and lingual surfaces for 35 s each, prior to placement of separators. In the gum group, the patients were asked to chew a piece of sugar-free gum immediately after the placement of separators and repeat every 8 h for 5 min for one week in case of pain. In the ibuprofen group, patients received 400 mg ibuprofen (Hakim Pharmaceuticals, Tehran, Iran) after the placement of separators and were asked to take one tablet every 8 h for one week in case of pain. The pain score was recorded using the Modified McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). The normality of data distribution was analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. ANOVA was applied to compare age, and the Chi-square and Monte Carlo Chi-square tests were used to compare gender and patient responses to the questions among the groups. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the pain score at different time points and among the three groups. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at 0.05 level of significance. Data analysis in this study had an intention to treat approach. Although the pain score was slightly lower in ibuprofen and gum groups, the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). 'Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant effect of method of pain reduction on pain score (F = 1.520, P = 0.225). Time had a significant effect on pain score (F = 20.310, P < 0.001). The interaction effect of time and pain reduction method on pain score was not significant (F = 0.737, P = 0.651). patients experienced a lower level of pain in the ibuprofen and chewing gum groups, the difference in pain score was not significant among the three groups (P = 0.225). patients experienced a higher level of pain at 12 and 24 hours after the placement of separators in all groups. Considering the comparably equal analgesic efficacy of this modalities, non-pharmaceutical interventions can be used for pain reduction of elastomeric separator. The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20210927052611N1). Date of registration 2022/03/14.

Individual use of self-medication and other remedies in COVID-19 outpatients in Western-Pomerania.

We analyzed data from positively tested COVID-19 outpatients to describe self-medication with OTC drugs and use of other remedies against symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We specifically considered their type and frequency, as well as associations with patient characteristics, and reasons for use. Data were collected between May 1, 2020 and February 22, 2021 with two questionnaires in an observational cohort study with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive adult outpatients in the district of Western Pomerania in Germany. 523 out of 710 outpatients (74%; 340 women and 183 men) reported using drugs and other remedies to relieve COVID-19-symptoms. Overall, participants reported utilization of 1282 finished dosage products or remedies, including 213 different ingredients. In the population of 710 outpatients, utilization of ibuprofen (26%), acetaminophen (21%), metamizole (14%), and acetylsalicylic acid (10%) was most commonly reported. Phytopharmaceuticals, herbal and animal products as well as vitamins and minerals were also frequently reported. Among the 523 participants who used drugs and other remedies, most commonly mentioned reasons for use were headache (40%), other kinds of pain (e.g. myalgia; 37%), fever (24%) and cough (16%). Our analysis showed that a majority of the participants tried to alleviate COVID-19-symptoms using drugs and other remedies. Especially analgesic and antipyretic agents, followed by herbal medicines, were used very frequently.Trial registration: German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00021672, first registration on December 1st, 2020.

Local ketorolac infiltration for postoperative pain in open trigger finger surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Multimodal analgesia is crucial for effective postoperative pain management in minor hand surgeries, enhancing patient satisfaction. The use of local wound infiltration with Ketorolac as an adjuvant pain management strategy is proposed for open trigger finger release surgery. This study aims to compare pain scores and functional outcomes between local wound infiltration with Ketorolac and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS: This study is a double-blind, parallel design, randomized controlled trials. Sixty-nine patients underwent trigger finger surgery between December 2021 and October 2022 were randomized into one of three groups: oral Ibuprofen alone group, local Ketorolac alone group and local Ketorolac with oral Ibuprofen group. The assessment included postoperative numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, grip strength, mobility of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. and complications. RESULTS: NRS pain scores during movement of the operated fingers were significantly lower at 6 h in local Ketorolac alone group and local Ketorolac with oral Ibuprofen group compared to oral Ibuprofen alone group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in postoperative DASH scores, grip strength, mobility of PIP joints, and complications. CONCLUSIONS: Local infiltration of Ketorolac as an adjunct in postoperative pain management has been shown to provide superior analgesia during finger movement within the initial 6 h following trigger finger surgery, in comparison to oral NSAIDs. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Thaiclinicaltrials.org identifier: TCTR20210825002. Registered 25/08/2021. https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20210825002.

Binaphthyl-based chiral covalent organic frameworks for chiral drug separation.

Separation of racemic drugs is of great importance and interest in chemistry and pharmacology. Here, we report the bottom-up synthesis of the binaphthyl-based chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs), (R)-BHTP-COF. Then, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns were prepared using (R)-BHTP-COF as a chiral stationary phase (CSP). Racemic ibuprofen was successfully baseline-separated on (R)-BHTP-COF-based CSP, and achieved excellent selectivity (α = 2.32) and chromatographic resolution (Rs = 3.39) factors. Meanwhile, the separation of six racemic drugs by the (R)-BHTP-COF-packed column exhibited high resolution, selectivity, and durability. The successful applications indicate the great potential of CCOFs as a novel stationary phase for efficient HPLC separation.

Proven anti-virulence therapies in combating methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Introduction: Despite years of efforts to develop new antibiotics for eradicating multidrug-resistant (MDR) and multi-virulent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infections, treatment failures and poor prognoses in most cases have been common. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches targeting virulence arrays. Our aim is to discover new anti-virulence therapies targeting MRSA and VRSA virulence arrays. Methodology: We employed phenotypic, molecular docking, and genetic studies to screen for anti-virulence activities among selected promising compounds: Coumarin, Simvastatin, and Ibuprofen. Results: We found that nearly all detected MRSA and VRSA strains exhibited MDR and multi-virulent profiles. The molecular docking results aligned with the phenotypic and genetic assessments of virulence production. Biofilm and hemolysin productions were inhibited, and all virulence genes were downregulated upon treatment with sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of these promising compounds. Ibuprofen was the most active compound, exhibiting the highest inhibition and downregulation of virulence gene products. Moreover, in vivo and histopathological studies confirmed these results. Interestingly, we observed a significant decrease in wound area and improvements in re-epithelialization and tissue organization in the Ibuprofen and antimicrobial treated group compared with the group treated with antimicrobial alone. These findings support the idea that a combination of Ibuprofen and antimicrobial drugs may offer a promising new therapy for MRSA and VRSA infections. Conclusion: We hope that our findings can be implemented in clinical practice to assist physicians in making the most suitable treatment decisions.

Bioinspired Wearable Hydrogel Composite with Sustained Drug-Release for Wound Healing and Naked-Eye Visual Early Warning of Wound Dehiscence.

Wound healing is critical to the structural and functional restoration of damaged tissue. However, effective wound closure and healing are always great challenges in regenerative engineering. This study provided bioinspired wearable hydrogel composites with drug-releasing hydrogel and nonclose-packed photonic crystals (NPCs) for wound therapy and naked-eye visual early warning of wound dehiscence. Molecular dynamics models and drug-releasing results illustrated the sustained drug release of ibuprofen, and the mechanical properties of the drug-releasing hydrogel were optimized with 1410% tensile strain by introducing fish collagen; their biocompatibility and adhesion were also improved. The structural color of the NPCs blue-shifted from 630 to 500 nm with 15.0% strain, and the original color was customized with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) concentration and acrylamide content. Compared with the gauze and the traditional hydrogels, the composite provided a moist environment and an effectively closed wound; the debridement and released drug avoided inflammation, and the rat wound was healed 40.5% on the third day and essentially 100% on the 14th day. The work provided a novel strategy for wound healing and naked-eye visual early warning when a wound deforms, which is expected to promote the synergistic development of clinical treatment and visualized early warning.

Effectiveness of Lignocaine with and without Pre-operative Oral Ibuprofen in Controlling Pain in Primary Mandibular Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis in 5 to 9-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood experiences of pain associated with dental treatment can induce dental anxiety. Infe-rior alveolar nerve blocks are eight times more likely to fail in patients with irreversible pulpitis. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of lignocaine with and without pre-operative oral ibuprofen for controlling pain in primary mandibular molars scheduled for pulpectomy procedures in 5 to 9-year-old children. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two children diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular posterior teeth and scheduled for pulpectomy procedures were included. The children were assigned to one of the two groups, Treatment group A: Pre-operative with oral ibuprofen and local anaesthesia with 2% lignocaine (with adrenaline 1: 80000); Treatment group B: Pre-operative with oral placebo and local anaesthesia with 2% ligno-caine (with 1: 80000 adrenaline). Pain and pulse rate were recorded at baseline, one hour after administration of oral medication, fifteen minutes following administration of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB), and also during the course pulpectomy. The results were statistically analysed using chi square test and repeated mea-sures analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: In treatment group A, 90.16% children had IANB success compared to 9.83% in group B.. The differ-ence in the success rate between two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001) with an odds ratio of 84. CONCLUSION: Oral medication with ibuprofen is effective in increasing the success rate of IANB with lignocaine for the treatment of irreversible pulpitis of 5 to 9-year-old children.

The effect of process parameters on a continuous blending process monitored in-line by near-infrared spectroscopy.

The continuous feeding-mixing system ensures the composition uniformity down to the tableting continuous manufacturing line so that a quality end-product is consistently delivered. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) enables in-line assessment of the blend's critical quality attributes in real-time. In this study, the effect of total feed rate and impeller speed on the continuous blending process monitored in-line by NIRS was examined by principal component analysis (PCA), ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Process data were generated by a factorial experimental design with process parameters and a constant formulation comprised of: 30 % (wt/wt) ibuprofen, 67.5 % (wt/wt) microcrystalline cellulose, 2 % (wt/wt) of sodium starch glycolate and 0.5 % (wt/wt) of magnesium stearate. The PCA hinted at the prevalence of impeller speed effect on ibuprofen concentration due to path length variation of the NIR light caused by the fluidized behaviour in the powder blend as a result of high speed ranges (>300 rpm). The ASCA model indicated that while both impeller speed and total feed rate effects were statistically significant (p-value=0.004), the impeller speed was the factor that contributed the most to the spectral variance (55.5 %). The PLS regression model for the ibuprofen content resulted in a RMSECV of 1.3 % (wt/wt) and showed that impeller speed was yet again the factor that exerted the major influence on spectral variance, owing to its wavelength-dependent effect that prevents common pre-processing techniques from eliminating it across the entire NIR range. The best sample presentation to the NIR probe was achieved at low impeller speed ranges (<600 rpm) and low total feed rates (<15 kg/h), such that it enhanced the PLS model ability to predict the ibuprofen concentration in the blend.

6-Carboxycellulose Acetate Butyrate: Effectiveness as an Amorphous Solid Dispersion Polymer.

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) in a polymer matrix is a powerful method for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of otherwise crystalline, poorly water-soluble drugs. 6-Carboxycellulose acetate butyrate (CCAB) is a relatively new commercial cellulose derivative that was introduced for use in waterborne coating applications. As CCAB is an amphiphilic, carboxyl-containing, high glass transition temperature (Tg) polymer, characteristics essential to excellent ASD polymer performance, we chose to explore its ASD potential. Structurally diverse drugs quercetin, ibuprofen, ritonavir, loratadine, and clarithromycin were dispersed in CCAB matrices. We evaluated the ability of CCAB to create ASDs with these drugs and its ability to provide solubility enhancement and effective drug release. CCAB/drug dispersions prepared by spray drying were amorphous up to 25 wt % drug, with loratadine remaining amorphous up to 50% drug. CCAB formulations with 10% drug proved effective at providing in vitro solubility enhancement for the crystalline flavonoid drug quercetin as well as ritonavir, but not for the more soluble APIs ibuprofen and clarithromycin and the more hydrophobic loratadine. CCAB did provide slow and controlled release of ibuprofen, offering a simple and promising Long-duration ibuprofen formulation. Formulation with clarithromycin showed the ability of the polymer to protect against degradation of the drug at stomach pH. Furthermore, CCAB ASDs with both loratadine and ibuprofen could be improved by the addition of the water-soluble polymer poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), with which CCAB shows good miscibility. CCAB provided solubility enhancement in some cases, and the slower drug release exhibited by CCAB, especially in the stomach, could be especially beneficial, for example, in formulations containing known stomach irritants like ibuprofen.

How Does the Powder Mixture of Ibuprofen and Caffeine Attenuate the Solubility of Ibuprofen? Comparative Study for the Xanthine Derivatives to Recognize Their Intermolecular Interactions Using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectra, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray Powder Diffractometry (XRPD).

Molecular interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and xanthine (XAT) derivatives were analyzed using singular value decomposition (SVD). XAT derivatives were mixed with equimolar amounts of ibuprofen (IBP) and diclofenac (DCF), and their dissolution behaviors were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The solubility of IBP decreased in mixtures with caffeine (CFN) and theophylline (TPH), whereas that of DCF increased in mixtures with CFN and TPH. No significant differences were observed between the mixtures of theobromine (TBR) or XAT with IBP and DCF. Mixtures with various molar ratios were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to further explore these interactions. The results were subjected to SVD. This analysis provides valuable insights into the differences in interaction strength and predicted interaction sites between XAT derivatives and APIs based on the combinations that form mixtures. The results also showed the impact of the XAT derivatives on the dissolution behavior of IBP and DCF. Although IBP and DCF were found to form intermolecular interactions with CFN and TPH, these effects resulted in a reduction of the solubility of IBP and an increase in the solubility of DCF. The current approach has the potential to predict various interactions that may occur in different combinations, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the impact of health supplements on pharmaceuticals.

Amorphous stabilization of BCS II drugs using mesoporous silica.

This study aimed to investigate the amorphous stabilization of BCS Class II drugs using mesoporous silica as a carrier to produce amorphous solid dispersions. Ibuprofen, fenofibrate, and budesonide were selected as model drugs to evaluate the impact of molecular weight and partition coefficient on the solid state of drug-loaded mesoporous silica (MS) particles. The model drugs were loaded into three grades of MS, SYLYSIA SY730, SYLYSIA SY430, and SYLYSIA SY350, with pore diameters of 2.5 nm, 17 nm, and 21 nm, respectively, at 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, carrier to drug ratios, and three different loading concentrations using solvent immersion and spray drying techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of SY430 and SY350 samples exhibited melting point depressions indicating constricted crystallization inside the pores, whereas SY730 samples with melting points matching the pure API may be a result of surface crystallization. Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) diffractograms showed all crystalline samples matched the diffraction patterns of the pure API indicating no polymorphic transitions and all 3:1 ratio samples exhibited amorphous halo profiles. Response surface regression analysis and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis suggest carrier to drug ratios, followed by molecular weight, have the most significant impact on the crystallinity of a drug loaded into MS particles.

The association between ibuprofen administration in children and the risk of developing or exacerbating asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drugs in children. However, its potential causal role in childhood asthma pathogenesis remains uncertain. In this systematic review, we assessed the association between ibuprofen administration in children and the risk of developing or exacerbating asthma. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May 2022, with no language limits; searched relevant reviews; and performed citation searching. We included studies of any design that were primary empirical peer-reviewed publications, where ibuprofen use in children 0-18 years was reported. Screening was performed in duplicate by blinded review. In total, 24 studies met our criteria. Data were extracted according to PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 and NOS tools. Quantitative data were pooled using fixed effect models, and qualitative data were pooled using narrative synthesis. Primary outcomes were asthma or asthma-like symptoms. The results were grouped according to population (general, asthmatic, and ibuprofen-hypersensitive), comparator type (active and non-active) and follow-up duration (short- and long-term). RESULTS: Comparing ibuprofen with active comparators, there was no evidence of a higher risk associated with ibuprofen over both the short and long term in either the general or asthmatic population. Comparing ibuprofen use with no active alternative over a short-term follow-up, ibuprofen may provide protection against asthma-like symptoms in the general population when used to ease symptoms of fever or bronchiolitis. In contrast, it may cause asthma exacerbation for those with pre-existing asthma. However, in both populations, there were no clear long-term follow-up effects. CONCLUSIONS: Ibuprofen use in children had no elevated risk relative to active comparators. However, use in children with asthma may lead to asthma exacerbation. The results are driven by a very small number of influential studies, and research in several key clinical contexts is limited to single studies. Both clinical trials and observational studies are needed to understand the potential role of ibuprofen in childhood asthma pathogenesis.

Efficacy and safety of perioperative ibuprofen for pain control after pediatric tonsillectomy: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and effectiveness of perioperative ibuprofen in pediatric tonsillectomy through a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of studies available in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to June 2024. This analysis compared perioperative ibuprofen administration to control groups (saline, acetaminophen, or opioids). Outcomes assessed were postoperative pain management, as indicated by the frequency of analgesic use, and morbidity rates, which included the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH). PTH was further categorized as primary (occurring on the day of operation) or secondary (occurring after the day of operation), and classified as type 1 (observed at home or evaluated in the emergency department without further intervention), type 2 (requiring readmission for observation), or type 3 (necessitating a return to the operating room for hemorrhage control). RESULTS: This analysis included nine studies involving a total of 1545 patients. Incidences of primary PTH (OR = 1.0949, 95 % CI [0.4169; 2.8755], I2 = 0.0 %), secondary PTH (OR = 1.6433 95 % CI [0.7783; 3.4695], I2 = 0.1 %), and overall PTH (OR = 1.4296 95 % CI [0.8383; 2.4378], I2 = 0.0 %) were not significantly higher in the ibuprofen group than the control groups. Administration of ibuprofen led to a significant decrease in postoperative nausea and vomiting (OR = 0.4228 95 % CI [0.2500; 0.7150], I2 = 40.0 %) and frequency of postoperative analgesic uptake (OR = 0.4734 95 % CI [0.2840; 0.7893]; I2 = 19.8 %). There was no difference in bleeding by type between the ibuprofen and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that administration of ibuprofen for pediatric tonsillectomy did not significantly increase the incidence of postoperative bleeding but did decrease postoperative emesis and improve pain control.

pH-responsive IPN beads of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a controlled release carrier for ibuprofen.

The convergence of polymer and pharmaceutical sciences has advanced drug delivery systems significantly. Carbohydrate polymers, especially carboxymethylated ones, offer versatile benefits for pharmaceuticals. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) combine synthetic and natural polymers to enhance drug delivery. The study aims to develop IPN beads using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) and carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) for controlled release of ibuprofen (IB) after oral administration. Objectives include formulation optimization, characterization of physicochemical properties, evaluation of pH-dependent swelling and drug release behaviors to advance biocompatible and efficient oral drug delivery systems. The beads were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD techniques. Different ratio of polymers (CMKGM:SCMS) and crosslinker concentrations (2&4 %w/v) were used, significantly impacting bead size, swelling, drug encapsulation, and release characteristics. DSC results indicated higher thermal stability in IPN beads compared to native polymers. XRD revealed IB dispersion within the polymer matrix. IPN beads size ranged from 580 ± 0.56 to 324 ± 0.27 µm, with a nearly spherical shape. IPN beads exhibited continuous release in alkaline conditions (pH 7.4) and minimal release in acidic media (pH 1.2). These findings suggest that the formulated IPN beads can modulate drug release in both acidic and alkaline environments, potentially mitigating the gastric adverse effects often associated with oral administration of IB.

Effect of phytohormone on proliferation and accumulation of cellular metabolites of microalgae Isochrysis zhanjiangensis.

Phytohormones play a role in regulating microalgae cells tolerance to adversity. This paper examines the effects of different temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C) on the physiological characteristics and endogenous phytohormones of the Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis (IZ) and its mutagenic strain (3005). The results showed that the endogenous phytohormones indole acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) between the two strains. The addition of 0.5 mg·L-1 exogenous JA inhibitor ibuprofen (IBU) improved cell growth of IZ, and was extremely effective in the accumulation of polysaccharides, which accounted for 33.25 %. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that genes involved in photosynthesis, such as PetC and PsbO, exhibited significantly elevated expression of the strain IZ, while the pathways related to JA synthesis may be the factor affecting microalgae temperature tolerance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the underlying mechanisms and potential applications for high temperature tolerance in IZ.

An interaction-based mixing model for predicting porosity and tensile strength of directly compressed ternary blends of pharmaceutical powders.

Predicting the mechanical properties of powder mixtures without extensive experimentation is important for model driven design in solid dosage form manufacture. Here, a new binary interaction-based model is proposed for predicting the compressibility and compactability of directly compressed pharmaceutical powder mixtures based on the mixture composition. The model is validated using blends of MCC, lactose and paracetamol or ibuprofen. Both compressibility and compactability profiles are predicted well for a variety of blend compositions of ternary mixtures for the two formulations. The model performs well over a wide range of compositions for both blends and better than either an ideal mixing model or a ternary interaction model. A design of experiments which reduces the amount of API required for fitting the model parameters for a new formulation is proposed to reduce amount of API required. The design requires only three blends containing API. The model gives similar performance to the well-known Reynolds et al. model (2017) when trained using the same data sets. The binary interaction model approach is generalizable to other powder mixture properties. The model presented in this work is limited to curve-fitting of empirical compaction models for mixtures of common pharmaceutical powders and is not intended to provide guidance on the practical operating space (or design space) limits.

Quercetin and ibuprofen combination displayed anti-inflammatory effects and also extenuates the enteric neurons damage of arthritic rats.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of quercetin on the cellular components of the Enteric Nervous System in the ileum of rats with arthritis. Rats were distributed into five groups: control (C), arthritic (AIA), arthritic treated with ibuprofen (AI), arthritic treated with quercetin (AQ) and arthritic treated with both ibuprofen and quercetin (AIQ). The ileum was processed for immunohistochemical techniques for HuC/D, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Measurements in histological sections, chemiluminescence assays, and total antioxidant capacity were also performed. Rheumatoid arthritis resulted in a decrease in neuronal density, yet neuroplasticity mechanisms were evident through observed changes in varicosities size and neuronal area compared to the control group. Reduced paw edema and neuroprotective effects were predominantly noted in both plexuses, as evidenced by the increased density preservation of HuC/D-IR neurons in the AIQ group. The increase of lipoperoxidation levels and paw edema volume in the AQ group was observed compared to the arthritic, whereas the AIQ group mainly showed similar results to those observed in the control. The enteropathy associated with arthritis proved to be significant in the field of gastroenterology, and the combination of quercetin and ibuprofen demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Synthesis, Optimization and Molecular Self-Assembly Behavior of Alginate-g-Oleylamine Derivatives Based on Ugi Reaction for Hydrophobic Drug Delivery.

To achieve the optimal alginate-based oral formulation for delivery of hydrophobic drugs, on the basis of previous research, we further optimized the synthesis process parameters of alginate-g-oleylamine derivatives (Ugi-FOlT) and explored the effects of different degrees of substitution (DSs) on the molecular self-assembly properties of Ugi-FOlT, as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity and drug release behavior of Ugi-FOlT. The resultant Ugi-FOlT exhibited good amphiphilic properties with the critical micelle concentration (CMC) ranging from 0.043 mg/mL to 0.091 mg/mL, which decreased with the increase in the DS of Ugi-FOlT. Furthermore, Ugi-FOlT was able to self-assemble into spherical micellar aggregates in aqueous solution, whose sizes and zeta potentials with various DSs measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) were in the range of 653 ± 25~710 ± 40 nm and -58.2 ± 1.92~-48.9 ± 2.86 mV, respectively. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages were used for MTT assay to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Ugi-FOlT in the range of 100~500 µg/mL, and the results indicated good cytocompatibility for Ugi-FOlT. Ugi-FOlT micellar aggregates with favorable stability also showed a certain sustained and pH-responsive release behavior for the hydrophobic drug ibuprofen (IBU). Meanwhile, it is feasible to control the drug release rate by regulating the DS of Ugi-FOlT. The influence of different DSs on the properties of Ugi-FOlT is helpful to fully understand the relationship between the micromolecular structure of Ugi-FOlT and its macroscopic properties.

Patulibacter defluvii sp. nov., Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Guangzhou City, China.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium with ibuprofen-degrading capacity, designated DM4T, was isolated from the sewage of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Guangzhou city, China. Strain DM4T grew optimally at 0% (w/v) NaCl, pH 5.0-7.0, and 30 °C, forming white colonies on trypticase soy agar. C18:1ω9c, C18:2ω9.12c and C15:1ω10c were the predominant fatty acids. Results of 16S rRNA gene alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain DM4T belonged to the genus Patulibacter, was closely related to Patulibacter medicamentivorans DSM 25692T (98.5%) and P. brassicae KCTC 39817T (98.1%). Strain DM4T had a genome size of 5.33Mbp, and the DNA G + C content was 75.0%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values between strain DM4T and P. medicamentivorans were 85.2%, 83.9%, and 29.0% respectively, while those between strain DM4T and P. brassicae were 78.5%, 71.3%, and 22.2%, respectively. Strain DM4T could significantly degrade ibuprofen by almost 80% after 84 h of incubation, and the degradation kinetics was well fitted with the first-order kinetics. Evidence from phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses support that strain DM4T (= GDMCC 1.4574T = KCTC 59145T) represents a new species of the genus Patulibacter, for which the name Patulibacter defluvii sp. nov. is proposed.

Postsynthetically Modified Cationic, Robust MOF Featuring Selective Separation of Carboxylate-Containing Pharmaceutical Drugs from Water at Neutral pH: Elucidation of the Adsorption Mechanism by Theory and Experiments.

The escalating levels of hazardous pharmaceutical contaminants, specifically nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in groundwater reservoir surfaces and surface waterway systems have prompted substantial scientific interest regarding their potential deleterious effects on both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Extraction of those pollutants from wastewater is quite challenging. Hence, the development of economic, sustainable, and scalable techniques for capturing and removing those pollutants is crucial to ensure water safety. Herein, we demonstrate a physicochemically stable, reusable, porous Hf(IV)-based cationic metal-organic framework (MOF), namely, 1'@MeCl for the aqueous phase adsorption-based removal of NSAIDs (diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen) from the wastewater environment. The highly positively charged surface of the 1'@MeCl MOF enables it to selectively extract more than 99% of diclofenac, naproxen, and ibuprofen contaminants within less than 30 s. With fast adsorption kinetics, very high adsorption capacities (Qe) were achieved at neutral pH for diclofenac (482.9 mg/g), naproxen (295.9 mg/g), and ibuprofen (219.5 mg/g). Moreover, the influence of changes in pH and coexisting anions on the adsorption property of the 1'@MeCl MOF was studied. Furthermore, the adsorption efficiency of 1'@MeCl in different real water environments was ensured by performing diclofenac, naproxen, and ibuprofen adsorption from tap, river, and lake water. Moreover, a 1'@MeCl-anchored cellulose acetate-chitosan membrane was developed successfully to demonstrate the membrane-based extraction of diclofenac, naproxen, and ibuprofen from contaminated water. Furthermore, a molecular-level mechanistic study was performed through experimental and computational study to propose the plausible adsorption mechanisms for diclofenac, naproxen, and ibuprofen over the surface of 1'@MeCl.