ABSTRACT
La presente publicación describe las pautas para formular, planear, dirigir, coordinar, ejecutar la política sectorial para la prevención y control del VIH-SIDA, enfermedades de transmisión sexual y hepatitis; detalla las normas y lineamientos técnicos para la adecuada ejecución y supervisión de las políticas nacionales y sectoriales, seguimiento y evaluación de las políticas planes y programas orientadas al cumplimiento de la atención integral de salud de las personas afectadas por VIH, Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y hepatitis mediante las intervenciones de promoción, prevención, manejo clínico y soporte; con enfoque salubrista y basado en género e interculturalidad. Asimismo, en su contexto las pautas para su difusión y homogenización de criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10 y Catálogo de procedimientos médicos y estomatológicos del Ministerio de Salud
Subject(s)
Humans , Preventive Health Services , Registries , International Classification of Diseases , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Reproductive HealthABSTRACT
Personality disorder (PD) is particularly common in adolescents, which underscores the significance of early screening, diagnosis, and intervention. To date, the definition of PD in the new ICD-11 has not yet been investigated in adolescents. This study therefore aimed to investigate the unidimensionality and criterion validity of self-reported ICD-11 PD features in Peruvian adolescents using the Personality Disorder Severity ICD-11 (PDS-ICD-11) scale. A total of 1,073 students (63% female; age range 12-16 years) were administered the PDS-ICD-11 scale along with criterion measures of personality pathology and symptom distress. The PDS-ICD-11 score showed adequate unidimensionality and conceptually meaningful associations with external criterion variables. The findings indicate that ICD-11 PD features, as measured with the PDS-ICD-11 scale, are structurally and conceptually sound when employed with adolescents. Norm-based cutoffs derived from the present study may be used for clinical interpretation. The PDS-ICD-11 may be employed as an efficient screening tool for personality dysfunction in adolescents.
Subject(s)
International Classification of Diseases , Personality Disorders , Psychometrics , Self Report , Humans , Adolescent , Female , Male , Peru , Child , Reproducibility of Results , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/classification , Severity of Illness Index , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standardsABSTRACT
El presente manual difunde y homogeniza los criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10. Asimismo, describe la metodología de registro estadístico sanitario en la promoción de la salud, el cual se convierte en un sistema de información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en la solución de los problemas sanitarios en el marco del sistema de coordinación
Subject(s)
Preventive Health Services , Registries , International Classification of Diseases , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Comprehensive Health Care , Clinical Coding , Health PromotionABSTRACT
La presente publicación describe los criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10 y Catálogo de Procedimientos médicos y sanitarios (CPMS) del Ministerio de Salud. Asimismo, la metodología de registros estadísticos sanitarios en salud de la población, el cual se convierte en un sistema de información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en la solución de los problemas sanitarios en el marco del sistema de coordinación para el control de la tuberculosis en el Perú
Subject(s)
Preventive Health Services , Registries , International Classification of Diseases , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Comprehensive Health Care , Clinical CodingABSTRACT
a presente publicación describe los criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10. Asimismo, la metodología de registro estadístico sanitario en las actividades de vigilancia epidemiológica e inteligencia sanitaria , el cual se convierte en un sistema de información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en la solución de los problemas sanitarios en el marco del sistema de coordinación con actores sociales para el análisis de situación local
Subject(s)
Preventive Health Services , Health Surveillance , Registries , International Classification of Diseases , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Comprehensive Health CareABSTRACT
Hospital discharge databases (HDDs) are increasingly used for research on health of newborns. Linkage between a French population-based cohort of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and national HDD showed that the HIE ICD-10 code was not accurately reported. Our results suggest that HDD should not be used for research on neonatal HIE without prior validation of HIE ICD-10 codes.
Subject(s)
Databases, Factual , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , International Classification of Diseases , Patient Discharge , Humans , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Female , Male , France/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Current efforts to better understand alcohol use disorder (AUD) have led to revisions of the most used classification systems, the DSM and the ICD. There is scarce information regarding how the latest versions of those two classification systems (DSM-5 and ICD-11) relate to functional characteristics (functional impairment (FI) and subjective distress (SD)) associated with AUD. Aim:To examine how the primary diagnostic system's criteria (DSM) and guidelines (ICD) were related to two functional characteristics (FI and SD) as evidence of these systems' concurrent validity in Argentineans with AUD. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional correlational study with a clinical sample (n=34) in 2018. Results:AUD's severity was more strongly related to SD than FI. FI was weakly related to the criterion of much time spent usingit. We found weak associations between SD and role impairment, interpersonal problems, tolerance, and physical or psychological problems due to use, withdrawal, and much time spent using. Only one of the ICD guidelines was weakly related to SD, and we found moderate positive correlations between DSM-5 and FI and between DSM-5 and SD. Conclusion:DSM-5 was more accurate than ICD-11 in identifying those with higher levels of FI and SD and, thus, had a greater concurrent validity among a clinical sample of Argentineans with AUD. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the detection of alcohol-related conditions. Keywords:alcohol-related disorders; diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; international classification of diseases;psychological distress
Los esfuerzos por comprender mejor el trastorno por uso de alcohol (TUA) han dado lugar a revisiones de los sistemas de clasificación más utilizados, el DSM y la ICD. Hay escasa información sobre cómo sus últimas versiones (DSM-5 y ICD-11) se relacionan con las características funcionales (deterioro funcional (DF) y angustia subjetiva (AS)) asociadas con el TUA. Objetivo: examinar cómo los criterios de los sistemas de diagnóstico se relacionaron con dos características funcionales (DF y AS) como evidencia de la validez concurrente en argentinos con TUA. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio correlacional-transversal con una muestra clínica (n= 34) en el año 2018. Resultados: La gravedad del AUD estuvo más fuertemente relacionada con la AS que con la DF. El DF se relacionó débilmente con el criterio mucho tiempo dedicado al uso. Se encontraron asociaciones débiles entre AS y deterioro de roles, problemas interpersonales, tolerancia y problemas físicos o psicológicos debido al uso, abstinencia y mucho tiempo dedicado al uso. Sólo una de las guías de la CIE estaba débilmente relacionada con la AS, y encontramos correlaciones positivas moderadas entre el DSM-5 y AS y entre el DSM-5 y DF. Conclusión: El DSM-5 fue más preciso que la CIE-11 para identificar a aquellos con mayores niveles de AS y DF y, por tanto, tuvo una mayor validez concurrente en la población observada. Estos resultados contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de la detección de las condiciones mentales relacionadas con el uso de alcohol. Palabras clave: trastornos relacionados con alcohol; manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales; clasificación internacional de enfermedades; distrés psicológico
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Psychological Distress , International Classification of Diseases , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersABSTRACT
La presente publicación difunde y homogeniza los criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10. Asimismo, describe la metodología de registro estadístico sanitario en la prevención y manejo de condiciones secundarias de salud en personas con discapacidad, el cual se convierte en un sistema de información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en la solución de los problemas sanitarios en el marco del sistema de coordinación
Subject(s)
International Classification of Diseases , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Comprehensive Health CareABSTRACT
La presente publicación brinda información necesaria para la toma de decisiones, para su difusión y homogenización de criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10 aplicados en el control y prevención de salud sexual y reproductiva y en la atención de planificación familiar
Subject(s)
Preventive Health Services , International Classification of Diseases , Health Statistics , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Comprehensive Health Care , Reproductive Health , Ambulatory CareABSTRACT
In 2018, Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) was officially recognized as a distinct syndrome in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). This recognition aimed to differentiate between neurotic disorders secondary to stressful situations and somatoform disorders, and disorders specifically associated with stress. The inclusion of CPTSD in the ICD-11 marked the culmination of two decades of research focused on understanding its symptoms, treatments, and risk factors. However, despite the progress made, a comprehensive meta-analysis to elucidate the specific risk factors and impact on the development of CPTSD is still lacking. The objective of this article is to conduct such a meta-analysis. A total of 24 studies were selected for analysis, and the findings revealed several key risk factors associated with the development of CPTSD. The main risk factor identified is having experienced sexual abuse in childhood (k = 12; OR = 2.880). In addition, childhood physical abuse (k = 11; OR = 2.841), experiencing emotional neglect during childhood (k = 5; OR = 2.510), physical abuse throughout life (k = 8; OR = 2.149) and being a woman (k = 13; OR = 1.726) were also significant risk factors.
Subject(s)
Sex Offenses , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Female , Humans , International Classification of Diseases , Risk Factors , Sex Offenses/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/etiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , MaleABSTRACT
The 11th International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) represents an advance in the focus on knowledge and new disease approaches. The ICD is used for different practical purposes, enabling assessment of progress in the global health agenda, resource allocation, patient safety, health care qualification, and health insurance reimbursement. It is entirely digital, with technological resources that allow periodic updating. In early 2022, ICD-11 entered into official force, having been made available in several official ICD languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, and English. The translation process into Brazilian Portuguese, coordinated by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with support from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) and PAHO/WHO, is presented here. The work was carried out in three stages between August 2021 and December 2022 by translators with different backgrounds: medical specialists (49), physiotherapists (1), pharmacologists (1), and dentists (1). This methodological article aims to broaden the discussion of perspectives on implementing the ICD-11 in Brazil and build an opportunity for its adaptation and use by other Portuguese-speaking countries.
A 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde representa um avanço no enfoque do conhecimento e em novas abordagens das doenças. A Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde é utilizada para diferentes finalidades práticas, possibilitando avaliação do avanço da agenda de saúde global, alocação de recursos, segurança do paciente, qualificação da assistência à saúde e reembolso de seguros de saúde. É inteiramente digital, com recursos tecnológicos que permitem sua atualização periódica. No início de 2022, a 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde entrou em vigência oficial, tendo sido disponibilizada em vários de seus idiomas oficiais, como o árabe, chinês, espanhol, francês e inglês. Apresenta-se aqui o processo de tradução para a língua portuguesa em uso no Brasil, coordenado pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, com apoio do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde. O trabalho foi realizado em três etapas entre agosto de 2021 e dezembro de 2022 por tradutores com diferentes formações: médicos especialistas (49), fisioterapeuta (1), farmacologista (1) e odontologista (1). Com este artigo metodológico, almeja-se ampliar a discussão de perspectivas para implementação da 11a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde no Brasil e construir uma oportunidade para sua adaptação e uso por outros países de língua oficial portuguesa.
Subject(s)
International Classification of Diseases , Humans , Portugal , Brazil , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The most recent DSM-5 (2013) and ICD-11 (2018) diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encompass 20 and six symptoms, respectively, organized in different structures. This study aimed to investigate the dimensions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist 5 (PCL-5) according to the DSM-5's broader definition of PTSD and the ICD-11's narrower approach, as well as to explore an alternative restricted model that retains the core symptoms explicitly related to traumatic experiences. METHODS: Data were gathered from Brazilian employees (n=1,101) who had directly experienced traumatic life events or had been exposed to them because of their work activities. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to evaluate the configural and metric structures of the models. RESULTS: We estimated seven models of the latent structure of PTSD including the four-factor DSM-5 and three-factor ICD-11 PTSD models. Given the lack of evidence of their validity, an alternative 10-symptom model was tested. The final seven-item PTSD model considerably improved estimation of the PTSD construct. This solution showed reliable items with non-redundant content, acceptable fit indices, and satisfactory configural and metric properties. CONCLUSION: The more parsimonious one-dimensional model comprising the core PTSD symptoms has the potential to improve assessment of PTSD.
Subject(s)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , International Classification of Diseases , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Latent Class AnalysisABSTRACT
La presente publicación difunde y homogeniza los criterios en la recopilación y codificación de diagnósticos CIE 10. Asimismo, describe la metodología de registro estadístico sanitario en la prevención y manejo de condiciones secundarias de salud en personas con discapacidad, el cual se convierte en un sistema de información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en la solución de los problemas sanitarios en el marco del sistema de coordinación
Subject(s)
Information Systems , International Classification of Diseases , Disabled Persons , Clinical CodingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are different definitions to identify/classify children with medical complexity (CMC). We aimed to investigate and describe the definitions used to classify CMC in epidemiological studies. METHODS: PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and EMBASE were searched from 2015 to 2020 (last updated September 15th, 2020) for original studies that presented the definition used to classify/identify CMC in the scientific research method. We applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. From the included studies, the following were identified: first author, year of publication, design, population, study period, the definition of CMC used, limitations, and strengths. RESULTS: Nine hundred and sixty-seven records were identified in the searched databases, and 42 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 42 studies included, the four most frequent definitions used in the articles included in this review were classification of CMC into nine diagnostic categories based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) (35.7%, 15 articles); update of the previous classification for ICD-10 codes with the inclusion of other conditions in the definition (21.4%, nine articles); definition based on a medical complexity algorithm for classification (16.7%, seven articles); and a risk rating system (7.1%, three articles). CONCLUSIONS: CMC definitions using diagnostic codes were more frequent. However, several limitations were found in its uses. Our research highlighted the need to improve health information systems to accurately characterize the CMC population and promote the provision of comprehensive care.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , International Classification of Diseases , Child , Humans , Databases, Factual , Epidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
As resoluções emitidas pelo Sistema Conselhos são instrumentos essenciais de orientação e promoção de práticas éticas que denotem qualidade técnica no exercício profissional da Psicologia. Dada a complexidade que envolve a elaboração de documentos psicológicos, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as principais mudanças observadas no texto da recém-publicada Resolução CFP n.º 006/2019 quando comparada à Resolução CFP n.º 007/2003, ambas referidas à elaboração de documentos psicológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva-comparativa de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou da análise de conteúdo no tratamento e interpretação dos dados oriundos de fonte exclusivamente documental. Os resultados indicaram poucas diferenças qualitativas entre os marcos resolutivos, embora se vislumbre altamente relevante o ganho adquirido com a proibição de escritos descritivos, a exigência de referencial teórico para fundamentar o raciocínio profissional e a obrigatoriedade da devolutiva documental. Entre os achados que ganham notoriedade consta a preocupação com os princípios que regem a elaboração de documentos, cuja apresentação tautológica responde a um cenário político de retrocessos que tem favorecido o desrespeito aos direitos humanos e às minorias.(AU)
Resolutions issued by Sistema Conselhos are essential tools to guide and promote ethical and quality psychology practices. Given the complexity involved in elaborating such documents, this descriptive, qualitative research outlines the main changes in the text of the recently published CFP Resolution no. 006/2019 when compared with CFP Resolution no. 007/2003, both addressing the elaboration of psychological documents. Documentary data was investigated by content analysis. Results indicated few qualitative differences between the analyzed Resolutions, among them the prohibition of descriptive writing, the requirement for a theoretical framework to support professional reasoning, and the obligation to return documents. Concern with the principles that guide document elaboration stands out, responding to a political scenario of major setbacks regarding respect for human rights and minorities.(AU)
Las resoluciones que expide el Sistema Conselhos consisten en instrumentos fundamentales que guían y promueven prácticas éticas respecto a la calidad técnica en el ejercicio profesional de la Psicología. Dada la complejidad que implica la elaboración de documentos psicológicos, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los principales cambios observados en la Resolución CFP n.º 006/2019, de reciente publicación, en comparación con la Resolución CFP n.º 007/2003, ambas abordan la elaboración de documentos psicológicos. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva-comparativa con enfoque cualitativo, que utilizó el análisis de contenido en el tratamiento e interpretación de datos de fuente exclusivamente documental. Los resultados indicaron pocas diferencias cualitativas entre los marcos resolutivos (aunque el logro de prohibir los escritos descriptivos es muy relevante), la exigencia de un marco teórico para sostener el razonamiento profesional y la devolución obligatoria de los documentos. Entre los hallazgos que cobran notoriedad está la preocupación por los principios que rigen la elaboración de documentos, cuya presentación tautológica responde a un escenario político de retrocesos que ha favorecido la falta de respeto a los derechos humanos y las minorías.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Guidelines as Topic , Diagnosis , Expert Testimony , Organization and Administration , Patient Care Team , Personal Satisfaction , Psychological Phenomena , Psychology , Publications , Quality of Health Care , Quality of Life , Sexual Behavior , Social Class , Social Values , Transsexualism , Truth Disclosure , Vocational Guidance , Work , Writing , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Technical Cooperation , Health Certificate , Attitude of Health Personnel , Records , International Classification of Diseases , Directory , Workload , Civil Rights , Negotiating , Communication , Newspaper Article , Vocabulary, Controlled , Statements , Government Publication , Professional Misconduct , Personal Autonomy , Enacted Statutes , Health Councils , Whistleblowing , Codes of Ethics , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Racial Groups , Documentation , Science and Technology Cooperation Agreements , Scientific Domains , Scientific Publication Ethics , Scientific and Technical Publications , Publications for Science Diffusion , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Ethics, Professional , Date of Validity of Products , Research Report , Social Participation , Medical Writing , Data Accuracy , Professionalism , Forms and Records Control , Science in Literature , eHealth Strategies , Civil Society , Psychological Distress , Universal Health Care , Psychosocial Intervention , Citizenship , Document Analysis , Working Conditions , Handwriting , Humanities , LanguageSubject(s)
Aftercare , Sepsis , Humans , International Classification of Diseases , Survivors , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of mortality from heart failure in Brazilians aged 50 years and over, within 21 years. METHODS: Ecological study with time series analysis of mortality from heart failure in Brazil, according to regions and Federation Units, in individuals aged 50 years or older in the period from 1998 to 2019. Deaths that had heart failure as the underlying cause (coded as I50 according to the International Classification of Diseases) that occurred during the study period were included in the study. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 11.1 program, by estimating the mortality rate due to heart failure per 100 thousand inhabitants. In the trend analysis, the Prais-Winsten regression was used. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2019, 567,789 deaths from heart failure were recorded in adults aged over 50 years, which corresponds to an average rate of 75.5 per 100 thousand inhabitants. There was a downward trend per sex, regions, and in 23 Federation Units. The highest mortality rates were observed for older ages in all regions of the country. CONCLUSION: The trend in mortality rates from heart failure among Federation Units and Brazilian regions was downward over 21 years. There was an upward trend in mortality from heart failure in the northern region and in the category "other health facilities."
OBJETIVO: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em brasileiros com 50 anos ou mais, em um período de 21 anos. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico com análise de série temporal da mortalidade por IC no Brasil, segundo regiões e Unidades Federativas (UF), em indivíduos com 50 anos ou mais, no período de 1998 a 2019. Foram incluídos todos os óbitos registrados que tinham por causa básica a IC, codificada na Classificação Internacional de Doenças como I50, no período de 1998 a 2019. Os dados foram obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Stata 11.1, por meio do cálculo do coeficiente de mortalidade por IC por 100 mil habitantes. Na análise de tendência, foi utilizada a regressão de Prais-Winsten. RESULTADOS: Entre os anos de 1998 a 2019, foram registrados 567.789 óbitos por IC em adultos com idade acima de 50 anos, o que corresponde à taxa média de 75,5 a cada 100 mil habitantes. A tendência foi decrescente por sexo, regiões e em 23 UF. As maiores taxas de mortalidade observadas ocorreram nas idades mais avançadas em todas as regiões do país. CONCLUSÃO: A tendência das taxas de mortalidade por IC entre as UF e regiões brasileiras foi decrescente ao longo de 21 anos. Houve tendência crescente da mortalidade por IC na região Norte e na categoria outros estabelecimentos de saúde.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , International Classification of Diseases , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Middle Aged , MortalityABSTRACT
We aimed to evaluate mortality and hospital admissions for chronic kidney disease in young adults according to sex and state in the northern region of Brazil, between 1996 and 2017. A population-based time series study using official data on mortality and hospital admissions due to chronic kidney disease in individuals aged 20 to 49 years old, residents of the northern region of Brazil, in the periods 1996-2017 and to 2008-2017, respectively. Chronic kidney disease was defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (N18). The evolution of mortality from chronic kidney disease decreased by 0.881% per year over the period (1996-2017). In the states of Acre and Amapá, there was a reduction of 5.85% and -5.68% per year, respectively, and in Tocantins, an increase of 4.16% per year. The incidence of hospitalization did not vary between 2008 and 2017. However, 2 states showed an increase in hospitalization rates: Acre (6.08% per year) and Pará (2.83% per year), and 2 states showed a reduction: Amazonas (5.09% per year) and Tocantins (6.23% per year). In general, there was decrease in mortality rate overtime. However, rate of mortality due to chronic kidney disease increased in the state of Tocantins. The evolution of hospitalization due to chronic kidney disease in a population of young adults remained stationary.
Subject(s)
Hospitalization , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , International Classification of Diseases , Middle Aged , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
Grief is a normal response following the death of a beloved one. Prolonged grief disorder is defined when grief is intense and has persisted for an atypically long period of time; more than 6 months (ICD-11) or more than 12 months (DSM- 5TR). This article discusses the conceptual distance between this new disorder and that of classical descriptions, as considered in a distinct Section of the DSM-5. These differences suggest disagreements among different working groups for disorders. Freud's perspective on mourning and melancholia (mayor depression disorder) pertains also to a classical scope. The grief work is exemplified with an autobiographical case, that illustrates how borders between normal and pathological grief are blurred. Although a new disorder might assist an ever longer-lived population that becomes widow, the risk is the medicalization of grief.