Effect of Single Session of Swedish Massage on Circulating Levels of Interleukin-6 and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1.

Massage therapy increases muscle blood flow and heat, relieving pain, improving immune function, and increasing vagal activity. The mechanisms are unclear. Muscles release cytokines and other peptides called myokines. These myokines exert their effects on different tissues and organs in para-, auto-, and endocrine fashion. The aim of this intervention study was to investigate if massage therapy affects circulating myokine levels. A total of 46 healthy, normal-weight subjects (15 men) aged 18-35 were recruited. Forty-five minutes of massage Swedish therapy was applied to the back and hamstrings. Blood samples via cannula were taken at the baseline, during the massage (30 min), end of the massage (45 min), and 30 min and 1 h after the massage. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured as surrogate markers by ELISAs. There was a significant increase in IL-6 from 1.09 pg/mL to 1.85 pg/mL over time (Wilks' Lambda Value 0.545, p < 0.000; repeated measures ANOVA). Pair-wise comparisons showed a significant increase after 1 h of massage. No significant increase was observed in IGF-1 levels. The change in myokine levels was not correlated with muscle mass (p = 0.16, 0.74). The increase in IL-6 suggests that there might be anti-inflammatory effects, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism pathways via IL-6 signaling to muscles, fat tissue, and the liver.

An overview of manual lymphatic drainage.

Manual lymphatic drainage is an advanced therapy that enhances the movement of lymph via a gentle form of massage. In this article, Sarah Jane Palmer provides an overview of manual lymphatic drainage as a treatment for lymphoedema, and summarises the latest research in the area.

Como fazer automassagem em casa

Você sabia que dá para aliviar as tensões do corpo sem sair da sua casa? A automassagem consiste em massagear o próprio corpo com técnicas que podem ser de respiração, vibração de pontos, relaxamento, entre outras. Se liga no Saúde Zen que a gente vai te ensinar hoje a automassagem aí da sua sala.

Effectiveness of foot massage on selected physiological parameters among patients with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndrome characterizes the spectrum of myocardial ischemia states, which include non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (MI), and angina. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of foot massage on selected physiological parameters among patients with acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: A quasi- experimental study was conducted in Karbala center for cardiac diseases and surgery from December 25th, 2023, to May 7th, 2024. A nonprobability purposive sampling consisted of 60 patients with acute coronary syndrome in the intervention group were instructed to performed four-step foot massage similarly 5 min for each foot. While patients in the control group just received routine medical treatment. The physiological parameters were checked in the two groups before, after 5 min, and 10 min after the foot massage. The study instrument consisted of two main parts: part one included patient's socio demographics and clinical data, and the second part was used to assess the physiological parameters. Statistical tests were conducted using the software SPSS, version 24, with a level of significance of 5 % (p value <0.05). RESULTS: that are a significant statistical differences between the mean of the selected physiological parameters readings for the study group except reading of pulse pressure, while there is no significant statistical difference between the mean of the readings of the selected physiological parameters for the control group except the reading of heart rate. CONCLUSION: The study found that the foot massage is effective for improving the blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure.

Cervical vertigo due to rotational fixation of atlantoaxial joint combined with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Vertigo is the most common clinical complaint, misdiagnosed patients are not rare, so it is very important to exclude and identify vertigo. For vertigo caused by multiple causes, including cervical vertigo with atlantoaxial rotation fixation combined with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), tuina can correct joint misalignment. The reduction technique will return the fallen otolith to the correct position. The use of massage and reduction can improve clinical symptoms and improve quality of life and may be a simple, safe, and effective treatment strategy for this disease. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report on a patient with both cervical vertigo due to atlantoaxial rotational fixation and BPPV, including his imaging examination, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods. DIAGNOSIS: Cervical vertigo (atlantoaxial rotatory fixation) and BPPV. INTERVENTION: Tuina combined with atlantoaxial directional inverted reduction technique and reduction manipulation. OUTCOMES: The patient's vertigo symptoms improved significantly, nystagmus disappeared, cervical occipital pain, nausea, head distension, and other symptoms disappeared, and cervical motion rotation reached 60°. CONCLUSION: This study proved the effectiveness of massage combined with a reduction in the treatment of cervical vertigo and BPPV, as well as the importance of vertigo diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and provided a new treatment idea for the future diagnosis and treatment of vertigo caused by a variety of causes.

A comparison of dynamic warm-up and "warm-up" using self-massage tools on subsequent sit-and-reach displacement.

OBJECTIVES: A dynamic warm-up (DWU) comprising exercise involving rhythmic muscle actions results in an acute increase in range of motion; however, recent findings suggest that a passive one using self-massage techniques might elicit a similar effect. This study's purpose was to compare the acute effect of leg cycling DWU on sit-and-reach score to the effect of a preparatory regimen of foam rolling (FR) or percussive massage (PM). DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized, repeated-measures crossover study. METHODS: Thirty-two asymptomatic, physically-active participants (male; n = 17) aged 20.9 ± 1.5 years performed sit-and-reach tests before, immediately following and 10-, 20- and 30-minutes following eight minutes of each of the "warm-ups." Analyses of variance at each time point across conditions and for the percent change elicited by each intervention were conducted to determine significant differences (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference between mean percent difference of sit-and-reach score for FR (8.8 ± 0.5%) compared to DWU and PM (p = 0.046 and 0.048, respectively) while DWU (6.3 ± 0.8%) and PM (6.8 ± 0.5%) did not differ (p = 0.717). There were no differences between scores across interventions at any of the four time points. CONCLUSIONS: A bout of FR or PM resulted in an acute increase in a sit-and-reach score during a test performed immediately post and at 10-, 20- and 30-minutes post that was similar in magnitude to that which was present following leg cycling. These passive "warm-ups" are appropriate alternate strategies that can be employed to improve performance on a sit-and-reach test.

Antenatal Perineal Training for Injuries Prevention: Follow Up after Puerperium.

Background and Objectives: This retrospective analysis investigated the impact of preparation of the pelvic floor for childbirth with stretching balloons and perineal massage on the risk of pelvic floor injuries. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 150 primiparous women who accessed private clinics in Padua (Italy) in the period 2019-2023 regarding the rate of perineal trauma and postpartum dysfunction across three groups: the balloon stretching group (BSG, N = 50, 33.3%), the perineal massage group (PMG, N = 39, 26.0%), and the control group (CG, 61, 40.7%). Results: Prenatal perineal training had a significant impact on reducing the rate of perineal injury and episiotomy (27.5% in BSG vs. 48.7% in PMG and 68.3% in CG, p = 0.008, respectively, 9.8% vs. 26% and 40%, p = 0.046) and the duration of the second stage of labor (BSG and PMG had a shorter duration compared to CG with a mean difference of -0.97892 h, p < 0.001, respectively, -0.63372 h, p = 0.002). Patients who carry out the preparation with the stretching balloon are less likely to develop urinary and anal incontinence and pain during intercourse. Specifically, the rate of urinary incontinence in BSG stands at around 23.5% compared to 43.6% in PMG (p = 0.345) and 55% in CG (p = 0.034). Dyspareunia in BSG was detected in 11.8% of cases compared to 35.5% in PMG (p = 0.035) and 61.7% in CG (p < 0.01). Symptomatology inherent to the posterior compartment was reported in 9.8% of cases in BSG vs. 23.11% in PMG (p = 0.085) and 33.3% in CG (p = 0.03%). Conclusions: Stretching balloons and perineal massage can be chosen as tools to prevent and reduce the rates of obstetric trauma during childbirth and to reduce the use of episiotomies as well as protect against the development of dysfunctions of the pelvic floor.

The Impact of Different Muscle Relaxation Techniques on the Upper Trapezius and Its Relationship with the Middle Trapezius.

ABSTRACT: The relaxation of trapezius muscles is widely believed to alleviate fatigue or injury of the trapezius muscles and reduce the risk of shoulder and neck pain. This study aims to examine the effects of different muscle relaxation techniques on the physical properties of the trapezius muscle and to explore how changes in the physical properties of the upper trapezius muscle affect those of the middle trapezius muscle. Twenty-four healthy males (mean age: 23.08 ± 0.97 years; height: 172.42 ± 4.61 cm; weight: 66.38 ± 6.68 kg; and body mass index: 22.30 ± 1.81 kg/m2), randomly divided into four groups: stretching relaxation group (ST, n = 6), mechanical vibration massage (MV, n = 6), pulse massage (PU, n = 6), and control (CO, n = 6). Measurements using the Myoton digital muscle assessment system were conducted daily over 2 weeks. The experimental groups demonstrated a notable decrease in tension and stiffness, accompanied by heightened elasticity in the upper trapezius muscles. Conversely, the control group exhibited contrasting trends. Although no significant variances were detected among the relaxation techniques, all proved efficacious compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, relaxation of the upper trapezius muscles significantly influenced the middle trapezius muscles (P < 0.05). Various relaxation methods positively influenced trapezius muscle attributes over 2 weeks, with inter-regional effects noted.

[Meridian massage in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of meridian massage in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with cervical radiculopathy treated from March 2020 to June 2023 were divided into the observation group and the treatment group, with 32 cases in each group. The observation group received conventional treatment, including 14 males and 18 females with an average age of (41.34±7.23) years old ranging from 32 to 55 years old;the disease duration ranged from 9 to 17 months with an average of (14.23±3.56) months;C5 and C6 nerve root compression occurred in 12 cases, C7 nerve root compression occurred in 17 cases, C8 nerve root compression occurred in 3 cases. The treatment group received massage therapy on the basis of conventional treatment, including 17 males and 15 females with an average age of (40.86±6.97) years old ranging from 30 to 54 years old;the disease duration ranged from 8 to 18 months with an average of (15.43±3.48) months;C5 and C6 nerve root compression occurred in 14 cases, C7 nerve root compression occurred in 16 cases, C8 nerve root compression occurred in 2 cases. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI) and clinical assessment scale for cervical spondylosis(CASCS) before and after 2-week treatment, and the range of motion of cervical spine was compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: After 2-week treatment, the VAS and NDI scores of the treatment group and the observation group decreased, while the CASCS scores increased(P<0.001). After 2-week treatment, the VAS and NDI scores were lower and the CASCS scores were higher in the treatment group than those of the observation group(P<0.001). Comparing with those before treatment, the range of motion of flexion, extension, left flexion, right flexion, left rotation and right rotation after 2-week treatment increased in two groups(P<0.05). Comparing with the observation group, the range of motion of flexion, extension, left flexion, right flexion, left rotation and right rotation increased more significantly in the treatment group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Meridian massage is effective in the treatment of cervical Spondylotic radiculopathy, which can effectively relieve neck pain, improve clinical symptoms and improve patient satisfaction.

[Sexual therapy combined with physical methods for the treatment of primary intravaginal anejaculation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of sexual therapy combined with physical methods in the treatment of primary intravaginal anejaculation (PIAE) and its possible action mechanism. METHODS: Ninety PIAE patients with anxiety symptoms were equally randomized into three groups and treated by sexual therapy combined with vacuum negative pressure hydro pneumatic / pneumatic bubble massage (group A), sexual therapy (group B) or (vacuum negative pressure hydro pneumatic / pneumatic bubble massage (group C). After 15 cycles of treatment, the therapeutic effects were compared among the three groups of patients. RESULTS: The effectiveness rates in groups A, B and C were 86.67%, 46.67% and 30.00%, respectively, with statistically significant differences in the total effectiveness rate, the effective rate of the treatment of anxiety symptoms of the patients and their partners, and the effectiveness rate of the treatment of idiosyncratic masturbation (P<0.05). Pairwise comparison showed that the total effectiveness rate was dramatically higher in group A than in groups B and C (P<0.01), with no statistically significant difference between the latter two groups (P>0.05), that the effectiveness rate of the treatment of anxiety symptoms of the patients and sexual partners was remarkably higher in groups A and B than in C (P<0.01), with no statistically significant difference between the former two groups (P>0.05), and that the effectiveness rate of the treatment of idiosyncratic masturbation was significantly higher in group A than in B and C (P< 0.01), with no statistically significant difference between the latter two (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: PIAE is often accompanied by negative psychological state of the patients and their partners and idiosyncratic masturbation, which responds well to sexual therapy combined with vacuum negative pressure hydro pneumatic / pneumatic bubble massage.

The effect of Rebozo technique on perceived labour pain and childbirth experience: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Pain, stress, and anxiety experienced during childbirth can have detrimental effects on labor and delivery. The rebozo technique is an ancestral method used to minimize pain and enhance relief during gestation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the rebozo technique on the birth process and its probable benefits on the birth experience. METHODS: This survey was conducted from January to May 2021 in a randomized and controlled manner. A total of 113 pregnant women with their first children were surveyed. Women between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation without complications who were admitted to the delivery room with a cervical dilation of 4 cm or more were chosen as participants. In the Rebozo group, subjects were randomly selected by trained personnel to apply the standardized method, while the control group received a relaxing massage. Cervical dilation, fetal position, contraction patterns, and measures related to the birth experience were key indicators. RESULTS: Women in the rebozo group had lower pain levels during birth and greater birth satisfaction. Mean cervical dilation in the latent phase was 5.61 cm in the rebozo group and 5.71 cm in the control group. In the active phase, cervical dilatation was 6.03 cm in the rebozo group and 6.68 cm in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < .001). In the transition phase, the birth time was 46.29 minutes in the rebozo group and 68.71 minutes in the control group (P = <.007**). In the total birth experience score, the rebozo group received an average of 68.52 points, while the control group received 51.58 points (P < .001). CONCLUSION: This research has established that the use of the rebozo technique throughout labor helps enhance her feelings about being pregnant, as well as heightening fulfillment with delivery.

The Indonesian consumer perspective on the massage industry: A conjoint analysis approach.

The massage industry has been in the market for more than thousands of years. Consumers purchase massage services to treat illnesses, alleviate pain, or improve well-being. Despite the popularity of this industry and the benefits it entails, consumers' preferences vary and massage parlors' stakeholders have inconsistent market segmentation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate consumer preferences toward massage services offered by massage parlors in Indonesia through conjoint analysis. Conjoint analysis' orthogonal design concentrated on stimuli preferences and it was further supported by generating 1.000 consistency and reliability based on Kendall Tau's holdout. A total of 212 respondents answered the online questionnaire voluntarily. The results showed that the Google rating was the most important attribute (68.5%), followed by the gender of the massage therapist (12.4%), the type of massage (9.6%), the type of room (4.5%), the duration (3.6%) and the price (1.4%). Moreover, this research assessed 27 stimuli and found that the best combination was employing female massage therapists, IDR 100k-150k price every session, 90 minutes massage duration, couple room with two beds, acupuncture and cupping massage type, and massage parlors with greater than 4.6 Google review rating. This present research was one of the first studies that explored unique and holistic massage services through conjoint analysis. Unlike the previous studies that only focused on one massage service attribute or did not provide specific levels for evaluated attributes, the conjoint's orthogonal design delivered a new perception of prioritizing both consumers and the business side as some would only focus on one or the other. Also, the findings could be useful for massage parlors' stakeholders in developing marketing strategies, enhancing operational strategies, and promoting customer satisfaction. Marketing tactics such as promotional discounts would inspire customers to provide an optimistic Google review. Business owners were encouraged to focus on giving the best experience starting with a well-trained massage therapist, clean and hygienic rooms, and quality materials. These theoretical and practical implications aid in building the massage parlor's credibility that could be perceived positively by consumers.

The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain and Kinesiophobia in Patients Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.

Nonpharmacological methods are used in the management of pain and kinesiophobia following total knee arthroplasty. The aim of this double-blind randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of foot reflexology on pain and kinesiophobia in patients following total knee arthroplasty. A total of 40 patients (20 in the control group and 20 in the intervention group) were randomly assigned to either of two groups for the study. The intervention group was exposed to foot reflexology. Postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores decreased faster in the intervention group compared to the control group (F = 80.417; p < .001; η2 = 0.685). The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores decreased in the intervention group over time, while they increased in the control group (p < .05). While a gradual increase was observed in the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia scores in the control group, there was a decrease in the intervention group (F = 84.860; p < .001; η2 = 0.696). The amount of analgesics used was lower in the intervention group (p < .05). Foot reflexology can be applied as an effective and safe method to manage pain and kinesiophobia in total knee arthroplasty patients.

Lifestyle and integrative oncology interventions for cancer-related fatigue and sleep disturbances.

Fatigue, insomnia and sleep disturbances are common after cancer diagnosis, and have a negative impact on quality of life and function. This narrative review synthesised evidence on lifestyle and integrative oncology interventions for cancer-related fatigue, insomnia and sleep disturbances in cancer survivors. There is strong evidence in support of aerobic and strength exercise for the relief of cancer-related fatigue. Yoga, massage therapy, acupuncture, Tai Chi and qigong can also be recommended for cancer-related fatigue. The evidence on yoga, acupuncture and massage therapy for sleep disturbances in cancer is mixed, while exercise appears to have a modest favourable effect. There is insufficient evidence on nutrient supplements or dietary interventions for cancer-related fatigue or insomnia and other sleep disturbances after cancer. Beyond alleviating cancer-related fatigue and insomnia-related symptoms, integrative oncology and lifestyle interventions have potential to effect multiple other benefits, such as improvement in symptoms such as pain and menopausal symptoms. There is a need for well-designed randomised controlled trials of interventions, particularly in the areas of diet and nutrient supplements, and for implementation studies of interventions already supported by evidence.

Effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy versus ultrasonic therapy and deep friction massage in the management of lateral epicondylitis: a randomized clinical trial.

The study's goal was to compare and evaluate the benefits of deep friction massage and ultrasonic therapy (US) vs extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for people with lateral epicondylitis. This double-blind, parallel-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted after ethical approval on a sample of 80 subjects with lateral epicondylitis. Participants were enrolled based on predefined eligibility criteria. They were randomly allocated to groups A and B. Group A received ESWT, while Group B received the US combined with deep friction massage. Data was collected using the Numeric Pain Rating Score (NPRS) and Patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation questionnaire (PRTEE) at baseline, at 3rd, and at 7th week of treatment. On the basis of the normality of the data, a non-parametric test was applied to evaluate between-group and within-group differences. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. There was a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001). Comparisons of PRTEE scores at 3rd week and 7th week of intervention were found significant for both groups (p < 0.001). While considering between-group comparisons based on percentile scores of PRTEE at baseline, 3rd and 7th week of intervention, in group A Median (IQR) at the baseline was 24.00 (5.00), at 3rd week, 10.00 (5.00) and 7th week was 1.50 (2.50) and in group B Median (IQR) at the baseline was 25.00 (4.00), at 3rd week 19.50 (4.50) and at 7th week was 11.50 (2.50). The results were significant in both groups (p = 0.000), but between-group analysis revealed that ESWT is more effective in patients with lateral epicondylitis.

Self-management of primary dysmenorrhea-related pain: cross-sectional study on non-pharmacological interventions.

Aim: Different nonpharmacological strategies are adopted to decrease primary dysmenorrhea (PD)-related pain. The present study aimed to verify women's use of nonpharmacological methods for pain and compare them with evidence from the literature.Materials & methods: A two-step study was conducted, comprising an online survey with 9144 women to assess nonpharmacological strategies for relieving PD-related pain, and a literature review on PubMed of verify the evidence of nonpharmacological methods.Results: Many women reported using heat therapy (61.5%), tea (42.4%) and massage (30.9%) to alleviate menstrual pain. However, the literature on these methods is limited.Conclusion: Several nonpharmacological methods are used by women to relieve PD-related pain and studies with low bias risk are needed to prove their effectiveness.

What is this article about This article explores how women manage menstrual pain, known as primary dysmenorrhea (PD), using non-drug methods. The study investigates the common self-care techniques women employ to ease their pain and compares these practices with scientific evidence.What were the results? The study found that many women use non-drug methods such as heat therapy (61.5%), tea (42.4%) and massage (30.9%) to relieve menstrual pain. Despite their popularity, sometimes the scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of these methods is limited.What do these results mean? These results indicate that while women frequently use various self-care methods to manage menstrual pain, there is a need for more high-quality scientific studies to confirm whether these methods are truly effective. This highlights a gap between common practices and scientific effectiveness.

Use of Massage Therapy for Pain, 2018-2023: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Massage therapy is a popular treatment that has been advocated for dozens of painful adult health conditions and has a large evidence base. Objective: To map systematic reviews, conclusions, and certainty or quality of evidence for outcomes of massage therapy for painful adult health conditions. Evidence Review: In this systematic review, a computerized search was conducted of PubMed, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science from 2018 to 2023. Included studies were systematic reviews of massage therapy for pain in adult health conditions that formally rated the certainty, quality, or strength of evidence for conclusions. Studies of sports massage therapy, osteopathy, dry cupping or dry needling, and internal massage therapy (eg, for pelvic floor pain) were ineligible, as were self-administered massage therapy techniques, such as foam rolling. Reviews were categorized as those with at least 1 conclusion rated as high-certainty evidence, at least 1 conclusion rated as moderate-certainty evidence, and all conclusions rated as low- or very low-certainty evidence; a full list of conclusions and certainty of evidence was collected. Findings: A total of 129 systematic reviews of massage therapy for painful adult health conditions were found; of these, 41 reviews used a formal method to rate certainty or quality of evidence of their conclusions and 17 reviews were mapped, covering 13 health conditions. Across these reviews, no conclusions were rated as high certainty of evidence. There were 7 conclusions that were rated as moderate-certainty evidence; all remaining conclusions were rated as low- or very low-certainty evidence. All conclusions rated as moderate certainty were that massage therapy had a beneficial associations with pain. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that despite a large number of randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews of massage therapy for painful adult health conditions rated a minority of conclusions as moderate-certainty evidence and that conclusions with moderate- or high-certainty evidence that massage therapy was superior to other active therapies were rare.

Infection in preterm infants receiving topical emollient oil massage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials.

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants are highly susceptible to infections, which significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of topical emollient oil application in preventing infections among preterm infants. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Clinical trials, Epistemonikos, HINARI and Global Index Medicus) and other sources. A total of 2185 articles were identified and screened for eligibility. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomised controlled trials. Data analysis was performed using StataCrop MP V.17 software. Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using the I2 and Cochrane Q test statistics. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist guided the presentation of the results. RESULTS: Of 2185 retrieved articles from initial searches, 11 met eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. A random effects meta-analysis revealed that infants who received massages with emollient oils had a 21% reduced risk of infection (risk ratio=0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.97, I2=0.00%). Subgroup analyses indicated that preterm babies who received topical emollient oil massages with coconut oil, administered twice a day for more than 2 weeks, had a lower likelihood of acquiring an infection compared with their non-massaged counterparts. CONCLUSION: It is quite evident from this analysis that topical emollient oil application in preterm neonates is most likely effective in preventing infection. However, further studies, particularly from the African continent, are warranted to support universal recommendations.

[Acupoint massage, acupoint sticking combined with moxibustion for postpartum urinary retention: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint massage, acupoint sticking combined with moxibustion at Shuidao (ST 28) for postpartum urinary retention. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with postpartum urinary retention were randomly divided a triple-combination group, a double-combination group, and a massage group, with 40 patients in each group. All groups received standard postpartum care to stimulate urination. The patients in the massage group received rapid acupoint massage at the bilateral Shuidao (ST 28); the patients in the double-combination group additionally received acupoint sticking of self-made Tongquan powder at bilateral Shuidao (ST 28); the patients in the triple-combination group further received moxibustion at bilateral Shuidao (ST 28). The treatment was given once in all three groups. After 5 hours of treatment completion, bladder residual volume was measured; the time and volume of first urination as well as total urination volume after 5 hours of treatment completion were recorded; the patients' sensation of urination smoothness, satisfaction rate, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs were evaluated. RESULTS: The triple-combination group showed significantly lower residual urine volumes (P<0.05), earlier first urination time (P<0.05, P<0.001), and higher first urination volumes and total urination volumes after 5 hours of treatment completion compared to the other two groups (P<0.05, P<0.001). The sensation of urination smoothness and patient satisfaction were also significantly better in the triple-combination group (P<0.001, P<0.05). The double-combination group had higher volume of first urination and total urination volume after 5 hours of treatment completion than the massage group (P<0.05), and better sensation of urination smoothness and patient satisfaction (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay and costs among the three groups (P>0.05). The total effective rates were 100.0% (40/40) for the triple-combination group, 90.0% (36/40) for the double-combination group, and 70.0% (28/40) for the massage group, with the triple-combination group significantly outperforming the other two groups (P<0.05, P<0.001), and double-combination group outperforming the massage group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupoint massage, acupoint sticking combined with moxibustion at Shuidao (ST 28) could effectively improve urination in patients with postpartum urinary retention, and enhance patient satisfaction.