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1.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 38(6): 103, 2022 May 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35501420

ABSTRACT

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an ocular disease affecting bovine herds worldwide, and it causes significant economic loss. The etiologic agent of IBK is considered to be Moraxella bovis, but M. ovis and M. bovoculi are frequently recovered of animals presenting clinical signs of IBK. The therapeutic measures available for its control have limited efficacy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using porphyrins as photosensitizing molecules is an alternative method that can be used to reduce microbial growth. We evaluated the antibacterial activity of aPDT using two water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins (H2TMeP and ZnTMeP) against 22 clinical isolates and standard strains of Moraxella spp. in vitro and in an ex vivo model. For the in vitro assay, 4.0 µM of porphyrin was incubated with approximately 1.0 × 104 CFU/mL of each Moraxella sp. isolate and exposed to artificial light for 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 min. Next, 50 µL of this solution was plated and incubated for 24 h until CFU measurement. For the ex vivo assay, corneas excised from the eyeballs of slaughtered cattle were irrigated with Moraxella spp. culture, followed by the addition of zinc(II) porphyrin ZnTMeP (4.0 µM). The corneal samples were irradiated for 0, 7.5, and 30 min, followed by swab collection, plating, and CFU count. The results demonstrated the in vitro inactivation of the strains and clinical isolates of Moraxella spp. after 2.5 min of irradiation using ZnTMeP, reaching complete inactivation until 7.5 min. In the ex vivo experiment, the use of ZnTMeP resulted in the most significant reduction in bacterial concentration after 30 min of irradiation. These results encourage future in vivo experiments to investigate the role of metalloporphyrin ZnTMeP in the inactivation of Moraxella spp. isolates causing IBK.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Cattle Diseases , Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious , Keratoconjunctivitis , Moraxellaceae Infections , Photochemotherapy , Porphyrins , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/drug therapy , Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/microbiology , Moraxella , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Moraxellaceae Infections/veterinary , Porphyrins/pharmacology , Sheep
3.
Arch Pediatr ; 28(4): 348-351, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33858729

ABSTRACT

Moraxella osloensis has been reported in the literature as a human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised adults. In contrast to the adult population, most pediatric cases are among patients with no underlying immunological defect; however, no patient underwent further investigation and no data about the long-term follow-up are available. We report the case of a 2-month-old previously healthy girl infected with Moraxella osloensis. Here, we review case reports and case series of children and adults with Moraxella osloensis infection and compare them with our experience. On the basis of our findings, we recommend further investigations (immunological or other underlying diseases) when a child is found to be infected with these bacteria.


Subject(s)
Moraxella/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Administration, Intravenous , Cefotaxime/administration & dosage , Cefotaxime/therapeutic use , Female , Fever/etiology , Humans , Infant , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
4.
Clin Lab ; 67(1)2021 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33491414

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Moraxella osloensis rarely causes infection in humans, and most of the reported cases are not fatal. It is often difficult to identify M. osloensis using conventional biochemical methods. METHODS: Here, we report a bacteremia case caused by M. osloensis in a patient with advanced lung cancer who initially presented symptoms of fever. RESULTS: Blood culture revealed growth of a gram-negative bacterium, which was identified as M. osloensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF analyses. The patient could not recover from sepsis with empirical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: As M. osloensis can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients, its prompt identification is important.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Moraxellaceae Infections , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Moraxella , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
5.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 95(11): 559-564, nov. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-197748

ABSTRACT

Las endoftalmitis asociadas a la ampolla de filtración tras cirugía filtrante de glaucoma son poco frecuentes, de inicio tardío y la mayoría están asociadas a una blebitis. Los agentes causales suelen ser estreptococos o bacterias gramnegativas. Existen pocos casos descritos en la literatura de endoftalmitis causada por Moraxella nonliquefaciens y la mayoría están asociados a una blebitis tras cirugía filtrante de glaucoma. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 90 años con endoftalmitis en ojo derecho por Moraxella nonliquefaciens asociada a blebitis 10 años después de la cirugía de glaucoma. Tras el tratamiento, se observó la desaparición de la blebitis 2 semanas después y resolución de la vitritis 29 días después, con recuperación de la visión a valores previos (20/200). La endoftalmitis por Moraxella nonliquefaciens es rara y está asociada a blebitis de inicio tardío tras una cirugía filtrante de glaucoma. A pesar de la virulencia del cuadro, el pronóstico visual suele ser favorable


Bleb-related endophthalmitis is rare and appears months or years after surgery. The causative agents are usually streptococci or gram-negative bacteria. There are few cases in the literature of endophthalmitis caused by Moraxella nonliquefaciens, and most are delayed-onset associated with blebitis after glaucoma filtration surgery. The case is presented of a 90-year-old patient with endophthalmitis in the right eye due to Moraxella nonliquefaciens associated with blebitis 10 years after glaucoma surgery. After treatment, disappearance of blebitis is observed 2 weeks later and resolution of vitritis 29 days later, with recovery of vision to previous values (20/200). Endophthalmitis due to Moraxella nonliquefaciens is rare, and is associated with late onset blebitis after glaucoma filtration surgery. Despite the virulence of the clinical symptoms, the visual prognosis is usually favourable


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Endophthalmitis/microbiology , Endophthalmitis/pathology , Moraxellaceae Infections/pathology , Blister/pathology , Endophthalmitis/drug therapy , Vancomycin/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Ceftazidime/administration & dosage , Intravitreal Injections , Visual Acuity , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxella/isolation & purification
6.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 95(7): 357-360, jul. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-201480

ABSTRACT

La queratitis bacteriana por Moraxella spp. puede producir importantes complicaciones, siendo la producida por la Moraxella nonliquefaciens(M. nonliquefaciens) la de peor pronóstico. Solo existen tres publicaciones de queratitis por M. nonliquefaciens. Presentamos el caso clínico de un hombre de 79 años, con queratopatía bullosa, recientemente afectado con queratitis infecciosa grave. En la exploración se observa infiltrado estromal denso, profundo y central con hifema. Tras la identificación en cultivo de M. nonliquefaciens y dada la progresión se modifica el tratamiento empírico, según antibiograma, a ciprofloxacino y ceftazidima tópicos, asociando ciprofloxacino y amoxicilina clavulánico orales. Tras 27 días se aprecia resolución total de la lesión con leucoma residual central. La queratitis infecciosa por M. nonliquefaciens es rara y se debe sospechar en pacientes mayores con factores locales predisponentes como daño corneal o cirugía ocular previa. Es importante un tratamiento precoz guiado por antibiograma y un seguimiento cercano para evitar complicaciones y mal cumplimiento


Moraxella keratitis can lead to important complications. Moraxella nonliquefaciens(M. nonliquefaciens) has the worst prognosis. Only three cases of corneal infections due to M. nonliquefaciens have been published. The case is presented of a 79-year-old man with bullous keratopathy, recently affected with severe infectious keratitis. Dense, deep, and central stromal infiltrates and hyphaema were detected. After the identification of M. nonliquefaciens in the culture, and given the progression of the condition, the initial empirical treatment was modified to topical ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime in accordance with the antibiogram, combining oral ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. After 27 days, there was total resolution of the lesion, with central residual leucoma. Keratitis caused by M. nonliquefaciens is rare and must be suspected in elderly patients with local predisposing factors, such as corneal damage or previous eye surgery. Early antibiogram-guided treatment and close monitoring are important to avoid complications and poor compliance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Corneal Ulcer/drug therapy , Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Moraxella/isolation & purification , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Risk Factors , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology
7.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol ; 129(10): 969-976, 2020 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32456442

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Previous investigations suggest the use of extract from the root of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630) for the therapy of uncomplicated acute upper airway inflammations, due to its strong antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effect. We aimed to compare clinical efficacy, safety and bactericidal effect of EPs 7630 and amoxicillin monotherapy in treatment of patients with mild to moderate acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). METHODS: Fifty ABRS patients were divided into two groups by randomization. Group 1 (n = 25) received EPs 7630 tablets, 3 × 20 mg/day per os for 10 days. Group 2 (n = 25) received amoxicillin tablets 3 × 500 mg/day per os, for 10 days. We assessed total symptom score (TSS), individual symptom scores for each symptom (nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, facial pain/pressure, loss of the sense of smell), endoscopic findings, including total endoscopic score (TES) and individual endoscopic signs (mucosal edema, mucopurulent secretion), before and after treatment. Samples of discharge taken from the middle meatus of all patients were cultivated for bacteria before and after therapy. RESULTS: Higher absolute improvement after treatment was found for TSS, nasal obstruction, facial pain/pressure, impaired sense of smell, TES, mucosal edema and mucopurulent secretion in EPs 7630 group compared to amoxicillin group (P < .001 for all parameters). However, there were no differences in absolute improvement of rhinorrhea score and postnasal drip score between groups (P = .248; P = .679, respectively). Fewer types of bacteria grew on culture from middle meatal samples in EPs 7630 group compared to amoxicillin group. There were no reported adverse events from patients from either group. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated better clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of EPs 7630 than amoxicillin. EPs 7630 was shown as a potent agent and good alternative to antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated ABRS.


Subject(s)
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rhinitis/drug therapy , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Bacterial Infections/physiopathology , Edema/physiopathology , Facial Pain/physiopathology , Female , Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy , Haemophilus influenzae , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Moraxella catarrhalis , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Nasal Mucosa , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology , Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy , Rhinitis/physiopathology , Sinusitis/physiopathology , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Young Adult
8.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 95(7): 357-360, 2020 Jul.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32241585

ABSTRACT

Moraxella keratitis can lead to important complications. Moraxella nonliquefaciens(M. nonliquefaciens) has the worst prognosis. Only three cases of corneal infections due to M. nonliquefaciens have been published. The case is presented of a 79-year-old man with bullous keratopathy, recently affected with severe infectious keratitis. Dense, deep, and central stromal infiltrates and hyphaema were detected. After the identification of M. nonliquefaciens in the culture, and given the progression of the condition, the initial empirical treatment was modified to topical ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime in accordance with the antibiogram, combining oral ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. After 27 days, there was total resolution of the lesion, with central residual leucoma. Keratitis caused by M. nonliquefaciens is rare and must be suspected in elderly patients with local predisposing factors, such as corneal damage or previous eye surgery. Early antibiogram-guided treatment and close monitoring are important to avoid complications and poor compliance.


Subject(s)
Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Moraxella/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Aged , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use , Corneal Opacity/etiology , Corneal Ulcer/drug therapy , Drug Substitution , Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy , Humans , Hyphema/etiology , Male , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Vancomycin/therapeutic use
9.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 200(7): e45-e67, 2019 10 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31573350

ABSTRACT

Background: This document provides evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on the management of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Methods: A multidisciplinary panel conducted pragmatic systematic reviews of the relevant research and applied Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology for clinical recommendations.Results: The panel addressed 16 specific areas for recommendations spanning questions of diagnostic testing, determination of site of care, selection of initial empiric antibiotic therapy, and subsequent management decisions. Although some recommendations remain unchanged from the 2007 guideline, the availability of results from new therapeutic trials and epidemiological investigations led to revised recommendations for empiric treatment strategies and additional management decisions.Conclusions: The panel formulated and provided the rationale for recommendations on selected diagnostic and treatment strategies for adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Adult , Ambulatory Care , Antigens, Bacterial/urine , Blood Culture , Chlamydophila Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydophila Infections/drug therapy , Chlamydophila Infections/metabolism , Culture Techniques , Drug Therapy, Combination , Haemophilus Infections/diagnosis , Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy , Haemophilus Infections/metabolism , Hospitalization , Humans , Legionellosis/diagnosis , Legionellosis/drug therapy , Legionellosis/metabolism , Macrolides/therapeutic use , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/metabolism , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/metabolism , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/metabolism , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/metabolism , Radiography, Thoracic , Severity of Illness Index , Sputum , United States , beta-Lactams/therapeutic use
11.
J Med Microbiol ; 68(8): 1140-1147, 2019 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31274402

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Moraxella catarrhalis is an important but insufficiently studied respiratory pathogen. AIM: To determine antibiotic susceptibility and impact of recent antibiotics on M. catarrhalis from children with chronic endobronchial suppuration. METHODOLOGY: We cultured nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids collected from children who were prospectively enrolled in studies of chronic cough and had flexible bronchoscopy performed. Recent ß-lactam or macrolide antibiotic use was recorded. M. catarrhalis isolates stored at -80 °C were re-cultured and susceptibility determined to a range of antibiotics including the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. RESULTS: Data from concurrently collected NP and BAL specimens were available from 547 children (median age 2.4 years) enrolled from 2007 to 2016. M. catarrhalis NP carriage was detected in 149 (27  %) children and lower airway infection (≥104 c.f.u. ml-1 BAL) in 67 (12  %) children. In total, 91  % of 222 M. catarrhalis isolates were ß-lactamase producers, and non-susceptibility was high to benzylpenicillin (98 %), cefaclor (39 %) and cotrimoxazole (38 %). Overall, >97  % isolates were susceptible to cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline; three isolates were erythromycin-resistant (MIC >0.5 mg l-1). Recent macrolide antibiotics (n=152 children, 28 %) were associated with significantly reduced M. catarrhalis carriage and lower airway infection episodes compared to children who did not receive macrolides; odds ratios 0.19 (95  % CI 0.10-0.35) and 0.15 (0.04-0.41), respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the frequent use of macrolides, few macrolide-resistant isolates were detected. This suggests a fitness cost associated with macrolide resistance in M. catarrhalis. Macrolide antibiotics remain an effective choice for treating M. catarrhalis lower airway infection in children with chronic endobronchial suppuration.


Subject(s)
Bronchiectasis/drug therapy , Bronchiectasis/microbiology , Macrolides/pharmacology , Macrolides/therapeutic use , Moraxella catarrhalis/drug effects , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchiectasis/pathology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Moraxella catarrhalis/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/pathology , Nasopharynx/microbiology , Suppuration , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis
12.
J Infect Chemother ; 25(12): 1050-1052, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31196771

ABSTRACT

A-26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had a history of malignant nephrosclerosis, for which he had been receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) for the past 14 months. His PD effluent was cloudy and turbid (white blood cell count, 10,528/µL; neutrophils 95.2%). A Gram-negative coccobacillus was isolated from peritoneal fluid culture. However, the organism could not be identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (Vitek MS, bioMérieux), but was identified as Moraxella osloensis by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. He was successfully treated with intraperitoneal cefazolin therapy for 3 weeks without removing the intra-abdominal catheter. A literature review revealed three previous case reports all of which were diagnosed by MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics), suggesting that the identification of M. osloensis may vary depending on the type of MALDI-TOF MS system. In conclusion, we experienced a case of M. osloensis infection in a PD patient, which was successfully treated by antibiotic treatment, without removing the PD catheter.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Catheter-Related Infections/diagnosis , Moraxella/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Adult , Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy , Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology , Catheters/adverse effects , Cefazolin/therapeutic use , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Humans , Male , Moraxella/genetics , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Nephrosclerosis/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Peritoneal Dialysis/instrumentation , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Peritonitis/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Treatment Outcome
13.
BMJ Case Rep ; 12(5)2019 May 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31129639

ABSTRACT

Moraxella catarrhalis frequently colonises the oropharynges of healthy individuals. Disease is usually limited to the oropharynx, upper airways and lower airways in patients with predisposing conditions. The pathogen rarely causes more invasive disease. We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with Crohn's disease on azathioprine, who was diagnosed with native valve M. catarrhalis endocarditis and vertebral osteomyelitis several weeks after an upper respiratory tract infection. She presented to hospital with 5 weeks of worsening malaise, nausea, relapsing fevers, weight loss, acute-on-chronic exacerbation of lower back pain and diffuse myalgia. Transoesophageal echocardiogram showed a 12 mm vegetation on her mitral valve, contrast-enhanced MRI was consistent with L4 osteomyelitis and blood cultures were persistently positive for M. catarrhalis She was initially treated with ceftriaxone 2 g intravenously daily, and although her symptoms initially resolved, she experienced a relapse of osteomyelitis with L3 extension a few weeks after treatment discontinuation.


Subject(s)
Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Moraxellaceae Infections/complications , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Endocarditis, Bacterial/blood , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Moraxella catarrhalis/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/blood , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Osteomyelitis/blood , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy
14.
J Infect Public Health ; 12(3): 309-312, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30711347

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Septic arthritis is a common rheumatologic condition with myriad microbiological causative agents. Moraxella is one of the very rare causes of septic arthritis. We hereby present the third case of Moraxella nonliquefaciens septic arthritis and the first case in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient (HSCT) along with a brief review of the literature. METHODS: We used PubMed with google search engine to search the literature for reported cases of moraxella septic arthritis. RESULTS: Information on 19 other cases of moraxella infectious arthritis was found. M. catarrhalis was the most common species isolated. Only 2 reports on M. nonliquefaciens were found; the first one in a multiple myeloma patient and the second one in a diabetic patient on hemodialysis. Predisposing conditions included inflammatory arthritis, prosthetic joints, diabetes, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, Hepatitis C, hemodialysis, esophageal cancer, valve replacements, alcoholism and Intravenous (IV) drug use. The age group of the reported cases ranged from 3 months to 78 years. CONCLUSION: Infectious arthritis with Moraxella spp. is a very rare entity which can occur in any age group and in the setting of various underlying medical conditions.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Elbow Joint , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Moraxella/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Administration, Oral , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy , Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy , Male , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Moxifloxacin/administration & dosage , Moxifloxacin/therapeutic use , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/microbiology
15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30670415

ABSTRACT

Lefamulin, the first semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibacterial for intravenous and oral treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), and comparators were evaluated for in vitro activity against a global collection of pathogens commonly causing CABP (n = 8595) from the 2015 and 2016 SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Lefamulin was highly active against the pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains (MIC50/90 for total and resistant subsets, 0.06/0.12 µg/ml; 100% inhibited at ≤1 µg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; both MIC50/90, 0.06/0.12 µg/ml; 99.8% and 99.6% inhibited at ≤1 µg/ml, respectively), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 µg/ml; 93.8% inhibited at ≤1 µg/ml), and Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.12 µg/ml; 100% inhibited at ≤0.25 µg/ml), and its activity was unaffected by resistance to other antibacterial classes.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Diterpenes/therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Polycyclic Compounds/therapeutic use , Thioglycolates/therapeutic use , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy , Haemophilus influenzae/drug effects , Humans , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Moraxella catarrhalis/drug effects , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects
18.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 24(10): 1942-1944, 2018 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30226173

ABSTRACT

We report a 26-year-old man with Psychrobacter sanguinis cellulitis of a wound sustained during ocean fishing in Washington, USA, in 2017. Psychrobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens found in a wide range of environments. Clinicians should be aware of Psychrobacter spp. and perform 16S rRNA sequencing if this pathogen is suspected.


Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Psychrobacter , Water Microbiology , Wound Infection/diagnosis , Wound Infection/microbiology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Psychrobacter/classification , Psychrobacter/drug effects , Psychrobacter/genetics , Treatment Outcome , Washington , Wound Infection/drug therapy
19.
Cornea ; 37(12): 1551-1554, 2018 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30222715

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Changing trends of infective keratitis have been identified worldwide. The aim of this study was to define the clinical associations, characteristics, and outcomes of patients with culture-proven Moraxella keratitis from a large tertiary corneal unit in the United Kingdom. METHODS: Patients with confirmed Moraxella isolates presenting between January 2004 and November 2016 were analyzed. Patient-related factors were examined, including patient demographics, date of presentation, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment plans, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were identified, of whom 61 (70.9%) had at least one recognized predisposing factor. The median BCVA at presentation was 2.60 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), which improved to median = 0.60 logMAR at final visit (P < 0.001). Visual improvement of more than 2 Snellen lines was achieved in 60.7% of eyes. A significant relationship (P = 0.003) between final vision and the presence of hypopyon was found, where for a fixed BCVA at presentation those with a hypopyon achieved a better final visual acuity of 0.69 logMAR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that although most patients presented with at least one predisposing factor, some of the more traditionally perceived risk factors may need to be reconsidered. We have shown that with aggressive treatment, favorable visual outcomes can be achieved in most patients. Interestingly, the presence of hypopyon at presentation was linked to a better visual outcome, likely because such patients had more to gain in visual potential.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cornea/microbiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Keratitis/diagnosis , Moraxella/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Visual Acuity , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Cornea/pathology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Keratitis/drug therapy , Keratitis/microbiology , Middle Aged , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
20.
J Med Case Rep ; 12(1): 258, 2018 Sep 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30205845

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. While the majority of infants display only mild upper respiratory tract infection or occasionally otitis media, around one-third will develop an infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually bronchiolitis. There is now convincing evidence from a number of cohorts that respiratory syncytial virus is a significant, independent risk factor for later wheezing, at least within the first decade of life. The wide variation in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection suggests that susceptibility and disease are influenced by multiple host-intrinsic factors. CASE PRESENTATION: A 2-year-old white girl presented to our Pediatric Allergy Clinic with recurrent crackles in addition to cough, fevers, and labored breathing since her first respiratory syncytial virus infection at the age of 7 months. She had been under the care of pulmonologists, who suspected childhood interstitial lung disease. She was hospitalized eight times due to exacerbation of symptoms and prescribed systemic and inhaled steroids, short-acting ß2-mimetics, and antileukotriene. There was no short-term clinical improvement at that time between hospitalizations. During her hospital stay at the Pneumonology and Cystic Fibrosis Department in Rabka a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Laboratory bacteriological tests found high colony count of Moraxella catarrhalis (ß-lactamase positive), sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate, in bronchial secretions and swabs from her nose. After this, infections were treated with antibiotics; she remained in good condition without symptoms. Crackles and wheezing recurred only during symptoms of infections. Therefore, we hypothesize that respiratory syncytial virus infection at an early age might cause severe damage of the lung epithelium and prolonged clinical symptoms, mainly crackles and wheezing, each time the child has a respiratory infection. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the importance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in an immunocompetent child. Pediatricians need to have a high index of suspicion and knowledge of recurrent symptoms associated with severe damage of the lung epithelium to establish the correct diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Moraxella catarrhalis/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Sounds/physiopathology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/isolation & purification , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/microbiology , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Bronchiolitis/virology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Moraxellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Moraxellaceae Infections/etiology , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Nose/microbiology , Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/complications , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
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