ABSTRACT
This research was focused on investigating the effectiveness of galvanic cutaneous stimulation and tactile stimulation jointly and individually at mitigating Simulator Adaptation Syndrome. Forty drivers (mean age = 23.1 ± 3.4 years old, twenty women) participated in a driving simulation experiment. Total scores of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, head movements (an index of body balance), and driving performance variables were compared across four different stimulation conditions: i) baseline (where no stimulation was presented), ii) galvanic cutaneous stimulation and iii) tactile stimulation deployed individually, and iv) both techniques deployed jointly. The results showed that both techniques presented in conjunction alleviate Simulator Adaptation Syndrome and improve driving performance more effectively than when they are presented in isolation. Importantly, reduced head movements were only revealed when galvanic cutaneous stimulation was applied. We concluded that the reduction of this syndrome is due to an improvement of body balance (elicited by galvanic cutaneous stimulation), and a distraction from the symptoms (elicited by tactile stimulation). We encourage the use of both techniques simultaneously to decrease Simulator Adaptation Syndrome.
Subject(s)
Automobile Driving/education , High Fidelity Simulation Training/methods , Motion Sickness/prevention & control , Touch/physiology , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods , Adaptation, Physiological , Adolescent , Adult , Attention/physiology , Female , Galvanic Skin Response/physiology , Head Movements/physiology , Humans , Male , Motion Sickness/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Motion sickness or kinetosis is the result of the abnormal neural output originated by visual, proprioceptive and vestibular mismatch, which reverses once the dysfunctional sensory information becomes coherent. The space adaptation syndrome or space sickness relates to motion sickness; it is considered to be due to yaw, pith, and roll coordinates mismatch. Several behavioural and pharmacological measures have been proposed to control these vestibular-associated movement disorders with no success. Galvanic vestibular stimulation has the potential of up-regulating disturbed sensory-motor mismatch originated by kinetosis and space sickness by modulating the GABA-related ion channels neural transmission in the inner ear. It improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the afferent proprioceptive volleys, which would ultimately modulate the motor output restoring the disordered gait, balance and human locomotion due to kinetosis, as well as the spatial disorientation generated by gravity transition.
Subject(s)
Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Motion Sickness/therapy , Movement Disorders/therapy , Vestibular Diseases/therapy , Galvanic Skin Response/physiology , Humans , Motion Sickness/physiopathology , Movement Disorders/physiopathology , Postural Balance , Vestibular Diseases/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Motion sickness or kinetosis is the result of the abnormal neural output originated by visual, proprioceptive and vestibular mismatch, which reverses once the dysfunctional sensory information becomes coherent. The space adaptation syndrome or space sickness relates to motion sickness; it is considered to be due to yaw, pith, and roll coordinates mismatch. Several behavioural and pharmacological measures have been proposed to control these vestibular-associated movement disorders with no success. Galvanic vestibular stimulation has the potential of up-regulating disturbed sensory-motor mismatch originated by kinetosis and space sickness by modulating the GABA-related ion channels neural transmission in the inner ear. It improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the afferent proprioceptive volleys, which would ultimately modulate the motor output restoring the disordered gait, balance and human locomotion due to kinetosis, as well as the spatial disorientation generated by gravity transition.
A cinetose ou doença do movimento resulta de uma resposta neural anormal originada do desequilíbrio entre estímulos visuais, proprioceptivos e vestibulares, que melhora quando esse desequilíbrio é corrigido. A síndrome de adaptação espacial ou doença do espaço está relacionada à doença do movimento e é desencadeada por mudanças bruscas de direção, inclinação e rotação da cabeça. Têm sido propostas várias medidas comportamentais e farmacológicas para controlar esses transtornos do movimento associados com o sistema vestibular, mas sem sucesso. A estimulação galvânica vestibular pode regular o desequilíbrio sensitivo-motor causado pela cinetose e pela doença do espaço modulando os canais iônicos GABA, relacionados à transmissão de impulsos nervosos no ouvido interno. Essa estimulação melhora a relação sinal-ruído dos impulsos proprioceptivos que acabam modulando a resposta motora, restabelecendo o equilíbrio e a marcha, recuperando a desorientação espacial causada pelos diversos gradientes de gravidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Motion Sickness/therapy , Movement Disorders/therapy , Vestibular Diseases/therapy , Galvanic Skin Response/physiology , Motion Sickness/physiopathology , Movement Disorders/physiopathology , Postural Balance , Vestibular Diseases/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate, in patients with migraine and healthy volunteers, with and without a history of motion sickness, the degree of discomfort elicited by drifting striped patterns. Eighteen healthy volunteers (HV) and 30 migraine patients participated in the study. Discomfort was greater in migraine patients than in HV, and in individuals with a history of motion sickness than in those without, but the effect of history of migraine was independent of history of motion sickness. Generalized Estimating Equations models for binary correlated data revealed that these differences did not depend on levels of duty cycle, spatial and temporal frequencies. Visual discomfort in migraine patients was associated with worse performance. There was a significant correlation between median degree of discomfort across conditions and number of migraine attacks in the past month. Discomfort to drifting striped patterns may be related to central sensitization in migraine patients.
Subject(s)
Migraine Disorders/complications , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Motion Sickness/complications , Motion Sickness/physiopathology , Visual Perception/physiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Photic StimulationABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo, se ha analizado el Programa de Entrenamiento Fisiológico en el Departamento de Medicina Aeroespacial de la Dirección de Sanidad de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile, en lo que respecta a incidentes producidos durante el desarrollo de dicho programa y al que fueron sometidos tanto pilotos alumnos como instructores de vuelo de cámara hipobárica, durante los años 1983-1992. En este período se entrenó a 2.118 alumnos en vuelos de hipoxia y vuelos de descompresión rápida no registrándose ningún accidente, teniendo presente además, que los incidentes que se produjeron fueron sin consecuencias graves, tanto para alumnos como instructores. En el período analizado se produjeron un total de 274 incidentes en los alumnos correspondiendo a barotitis, barotitis tardía y barosinusitis, los porcentajes más altos. Asimismo, en los instructores el número total de incidentes fue de 56, siendo barotitis, barotitis tardía y barosinusitis los más frecuentes. Otros hechos importantes son la realización de 23 vuelos médicos y de 24 vuelos de prueba, todos sin consecuencia y con resultados altamente positivos. Cabe destacar que durante este período los incidentes han sido superados efectiva y oportunamente gracias a la preparación, capacidad y a las medidas de seguridad que en cada circunstancia específica se aplicaron