[Aseptic meningitis associated to mumps during an epidemic outbreak]. / Meningitis aséptica en pacientes con parotiditis viral durante un brote epidémico.

We report two cases of acute aseptic meningitis associated to mumps in middle-aged women, one pregnant. Both presented shortly after parotid gland enlargement. Neurological complications were suspected by headache, fever and meningeal signs and confirmed by CSF findings (mononuclear predominant pleocytosis) with negative results for alternative causes. Mumps were confirmed by positive IgM and IgG serology. Both patients were discharged with a favorable evolution and complete disappearance of symptoms. Cases were concurrent with a regional mumps outbreak. Conclusions: Aseptic meningitis is a rare mumps-associated neurological complication. Its diagnostic can be achieved by precedent parotid enlargement, mononuclear pleocytosis in the CSF and positive IgM and IgG serology or viral detection by PCR in urine or salivary samples. This complication would be more probably observed during mumps outbreaks.

Meningitis aséptica en pacientes con parotiditis viral durante un brote epidémico / Aseptic meningitis associated to mumps during an epidemic outbreak

Resumen Comunicamos dos casos de meningitis aséptica asociadas a parotiditis viral en mujeres de edad mediana, una de ellas embarazada. Ambas se presentaron pocos días después del aumento de volumen parotídeo, con cefalea, fiebre y signos meníngeos, pleocitosis de predominio mononuclear en el LCR y resultados negativos para otras causas. La parotiditis fue confirmada por serología IgG e IgM positiva. Las pacientes tuvieron una evolución favorable con desaparición total de sus síntomas. Ambos casos ocurrieron durante un brote regional de parotiditis. La meningitis aséptica es una complicación frecuente de las parotiditis. Su diagnóstico puede lograrse por el aumento de volumen glandular precedente, la pleocitosis de predominio mononuclear en el LCR y una serología IgM e IgG positiva o detección genómica por RPC en muestra urinaria o salival. Esta complicación es más probable que sea observada durante brotes de parotiditis viral.

We report two cases of acute aseptic meningitis associated to mumps in middle-aged women, one pregnant. Both presented shortly after parotid gland enlargement. Neurological complications were suspected by headache, fever and meningeal signs and confirmed by CSF findings (mononuclear predominant pleocytosis) with negative results for alternative causes. Mumps were confirmed by positive IgM and IgG serology. Both patients were discharged with a favorable evolution and complete disappearance of symptoms. Cases were concurrent with a regional mumps outbreak. Conclusions: Aseptic meningitis is a rare mumps-associated neurological complication. Its diagnostic can be achieved by precedent parotid enlargement, mononuclear pleocytosis in the CSF and positive IgM and IgG serology or viral detection by PCR in urine or salivary samples. This complication would be more probably observed during mumps outbreaks.

Mumps outbreak with high complication rates among residents in a university teaching hospital.

According to the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations, only health care personnel (HCP) with adequate evidence of immunity should be exposed to patients with a suspected diagnosis of mumps. Here we report a hospital-outbreak scenario among medical residents with no previous vaccination record against mumps who had a high rate of complications. We also describe the importance and impact of full and proper vaccination, as well as isolation, of HCP in stopping the outbreak and, finally, review opportunities for improving the safety of HCP.

Transcanal labyrinthectomy in childhood: report of a case.

Vertigo in children is caused by several factors. One such factor is viruses (e.g., mumps, measles, and rubeola) afflicting the inner ear by various mechanisms. In the majority of cases, affected patients improve with clinical therapy and vestibular rehabilitation. We present the case of a child with vertigo as a sequela of mumps virus infection that did not improve with clinical treatment and vestibular rehabilitation. Consequently, the child was submitted to a transcanal labyrinthectomy followed by vestibular rehabilitation, with significant postprocedure improvement of symptoms. We discuss surgical indications, the technique used in this case, and the importance of vestibular rehabilitation in the postoperative period.

Nested PCR for rapid detection of mumps virus in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurological diseases.

In this study, we have developed a reverse transcription (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) for the detection of mumps virus RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neurological infections. A specific 112-bp fragment was amplified by this method with primers from the nucleoprotein of the mumps virus genome. The mumps virus RT-n-PCR was capable of detecting 0.001 PFU/ml and 0.005 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml. This method was found to be specific, since no PCR product was detected in each of the CSF samples from patients with proven non-mumps virus-related meningitis or encephalitis. Mumps virus RNA was detected in all 18 CSF samples confirmed by culture to be infected with mumps virus. Positive PCR results were obtained for the CSF of 26 of 28 patients that were positive for signs of mumps virus infection (i.e., cultivable virus from urine or oropharyngeal samples or positivity for anti-mumps virus immunoglobulin M) but without cultivable virus in their CSF. Overall, mumps virus RNA was detected in CSF of 96% of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of viral central nervous system (CNS) disease and confirmed mumps virus infection, while mumps virus was isolated in CSF of only 39% of the patients. Furthermore, in a retrospective study, we were able to detect mumps virus RNA in 25 of 55 (46%) CSF samples from patients with a clinical diagnosis of viral CNS disease and negative laboratory evidence of viral infection including mumps virus infection. The 25 patients represent 12% of the 236 patients who had a clinical diagnosis of viral CNS infections and whose CSF was examined at our laboratory for a 2-year period. The findings confirm the importance of mumps virus as a causative agent of CNS infections in countries with low vaccine coverage rates. In summary, our study demonstrates the usefulness of the mumps virus RT-n-PCR for the diagnosis of mumps virus CNS disease and suggests that this assay may soon become the "gold standard" test for the diagnosis of mumps virus CNS infection.

Caxumba e infecçåo aguda do sistema nervoso central (SNC) / Mumps and infections of Central Nervous System (C.N.S.)

Dentre 916 casos de "Meningite Asséptica" internados no Hospital de Doenças Tropicais de Goiânia no período de 1982-1993, o vírus da caxumba foi o mais provável agente etiológico dde 157 (17,14 pôr cento) casos, pois havia concomitância de parotidite ou história recente de contágio intradomiciliar. Foram levantados dados sobre a idade dos pacientes, o tempo de permanência hospitalar, o tempo de duraçåo da doença e em que dia da caxumba surgiram os primeiros sinais do acometimento do S.N.C.. Os exames de rotina do L.C.R. foram solicitaddos e, no sangue a amilasemia. O tipo de acometimento nervoso, a concomitância de pancreatite e os anos e meses de maiores e menores incidências såo citados. O autor eenfatiza que o acometimento cerebral nåo deve ser considerado uma complicaçåo e sim forma clínica da parotidite epidêmica do mesmo modo que a pancreatite e a orquite

Comprometimento renal num caso de caxumba: relato de caso / Renal impairment in a case of mumps: case report

O autor relata um caso de cpmprometimento renal na vigência de caxumba e chama atençäo para essa etiologia no diagnóstico diferencial das hematúrias em adultos jovens do sexo masculino.

Nervous system affections caused by the mumps virus.

Hippocrates probably first described mumps parotitis, but not until 1758 was affection of the central nervous system reported in this disease. Mumps meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, polyradiculitis and cranial neuritis are now well known, and may occur without clinical parotitis. Meningitis occurs most commonly, encephalitis, cranial neuritis and polyradiculitis less often, and myelitis rarely. They may present individually or in combination. A patient is described who first developed acute mumps meningoencephalitis, without clinical parotitis. Transverse myelitis occurred two weeks later, and finally optic neuritis ten days following the myelitis. Slow but complete recovery followed. Attention is directed to the various ways mumps can affect the nervous system. This virus should always be considered among possible etiologic agents causing such neurologic syndromes.