¿Qué hay de Nuevo en la Evaluación de la Personalidad Emprendedora? / What’s new in Entrepreneurial Personality Assessment?

El emprendimiento es uno de los aspectos más importantes para el crecimiento de cualquier país. Por un lado, por ser fuente de innovación, empleo y riqueza y, por otro, por las consecuencias negativas que conlleva el fracaso emprendedor, a nivel económico, social y psicológico. El estudio del emprendimiento se lleva a cabo mediante diferentes enfoques, como el social, económico, biológico y psicológico. Si bien nadie duda de la importancia de cada uno de ellos, el enfoque psicológico y, concretamente, la personalidad emprendedora, ha sido uno de los temas más estudiados en la última década. Suárez-Álvarez y Pedrosa (2016) realizaron una revisión exhaustiva del estudio de la personalidad emprendedora. El presente trabajo, más de cinco años después, tiene como objetivo presentar las principales aportaciones de la psicología a la evaluación de la personalidad emprendedora desde entonces (modelos teóricos e instrumentos de medida y sus propiedades psicométricas). Se discuten las líneas futuras de investigación.(AU)

Entrepreneurship is one of the most important aspects for the growth of any country. On the one hand, because it is a source of innovation, employment, and wealth and, on the other, because of the negative consequences of entrepreneurial failure, economically, socially, and psychologically. The study of entrepreneurship is carried out through different approaches, such as social, economic, biological, and psychological. Although no one doubts the importance of each of them, the psychological approach-specifically, the entrepreneurial personality-has been one of the most productive on this topic in the last decade. Suárez-Álvarez and Pedrosa (2016) conducted a comprehensive review of the study of entrepreneurial personality. The present article, more than five years later, aims to present the main contributions of psychology to the assessment of entrepreneurial personality since then (theoretical models and measurement instruments and their psychometric properties). Future lines of research are discussed.(AU)

Personality Traits of Portuguese Skydivers / Rasgos de personalidad de los paracaidistas portugueses

The objectives of this study were to describe the personality traits of Portuguese skydivers and to study the differences in the 5 dimensions of personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. The variables were: experience, sex and age. One hundred and fourteen skydivers participated. We used the NEO-FFI questionnaire. The statistical tests used were the Chi-square, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate data analysis (MANCOVA). The results show that the skydivers presented higher values ​​in the Extraversion and Conscientiousness dimensions, and lower in the Neuroticism dimension. The multivariate analysis identified statistically significant differences in the Conscientiousness dimension based on experience, with the more experienced skydivers obtaining higher scores, although the effect size was small. The skydivers did not present significant differences, which allows us to conclude that they form a homogeneous group, with similar personality traits. (AU)

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir los rasgos de personalidad de los practicantes de paracaidismo portugueses y estudiar las diferencias en las 5 dimensiones del rasgo de personalidad: Neuroticismo, Extraversión, Apertura a la Experiencia, Amabilidad y Responsabilidad. Las variables fueron: experiencia, sexo y edad. Participaron 114 paracaidistas. Usamos el cuestionario NEO-FFI. Las pruebas estadísticas usadas fueran el Chi-cuadrado el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y análisis multivariado de datos (MANCOVA). Los resultados muestran que los paracaidistas presentaron valores más altos en la dimensión Extroversión y Responsabilidad, y menores en la dimensión Neuroticismo. El análisis multivariado identifica diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la dimensión Responsabilidad en función de la experiencia, obteniendo puntuaciones más altas para los paracaidistas más experimentados, aunque el tamaño del efecto sea pequeño. Los paracaidistas no presentaron diferencias significativas, lo que nos permite concluir que se trata de un grupo homogéneo, con rasgos de personalidad similares. (AU)

Creencias implícitas sobre la noción de personas responsables e irresponsables: un estudio mediante el análisis factorial de la taxonomía de términos de personalidad en español / Implicit beliefs about the notion of responsible and irresponsible people: a study through factor analysis of the taxonomy of personality terms in Spanish

Antecedentes: se investiga mediante análisis factorial la estructura dimensional subyacente a las creencias implícitas acerca de dos prototipos: persona responsable e irresponsable. Método: 520 estudiantes universitarios evaluaron el grado de adecuación a estos prototipos de los 50 adjetivos de personalidad de la Taxonomía de términos de personalidad en español (TAX 50) de Iraegui Torralbo y Quevedo-Aguado (2002). Los resultados se analizaron mediante análisis factoriales con rotaciones oblicuas y ortogonales, y método de extracción Análisis de Componentes Principales. Resultados: los análisis factoriales con rotación ortogonal mostraron cuatro componentes independientes que explicaban la estructura subyacente a las creencias sobre los prototipos. El componente que más varianza explicaba era combinación de dos factores de la taxonomía TAX 50: Responsabilidad e Integridad. Conclusiones: desde una aproximación léxica, el método utilizado permite conocer la estructura factorial subyacente a las creencias acerca de prototipos de personas responsables e irresponsables. La metodología utilizada ayuda a investigar la contribución de cada uno de los Cinco Grandes factores de personalidad a la descripción lega de prototipos de personas (AU)

El papel de la personalidad en el juego problemático y en las preferencias de géneros de videojuegos en adolescentes / The role of personality on disordered gaming and game genre preferences in adolescence: Gender differences and person-environment transactions

Jugar a videojuegos es una de las actividades de ocio más popularesen adolescentes. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue examinarlos efectos aditivos y de moderación del género y la personalidad enel juego problemático y en la preferencia en géneros de videojuegosdurante la adolescencia. 776 estudiantes españoles (media de edad =14,29; DT = 1,59; 50,64% chicas) cumplimentaron cuestionarios delModelo de los cinco grandes de personalidad y de conductas relacionadas con videojuegos. Se observaron diferencias de género enconductas relacionadas con videojuegos: los chicos jugaban más ypresentaron mucho más uso problemático que las chicas. Ellos prefirieron géneros competitivos; por ejemplo, juegos de acción-shooters, deportes, lucha y estrategia. Las chicas prefirieron géneros no violentosy ocasionales; por ejemplo, simulación social, y juegos de habilidad ylógica. El género moderó las asociaciones entre personalidad y juegoproblemático: el juego problemático se asoció a baja amabilidad y bajaresponsabilidad en chicos, y a baja extraversión y baja responsabilidad en chicas. La baja responsabilidad moderó las asociaciones entrefrecuencia de juego y uso problemático: jugar más a videojuegos conducía a un uso problemático de éstos, principalmente en individuosirresponsables e impulsivos. Se encontraron asociaciones pequeñaspero significativas entre la personalidad y preferencias en géneros devideojuegos. Estos hallazgos destacan la relevancia del género y la personalidad en las conductas relacionadas con videojuegos durante laadolescencia, y animan a prestar más atención a las diferencias dependientes del género y a las transacciones persona-ambiente al estudiarestas conductas. (AU)

Playing video games is one of the world’s most popular leisure activities, especially for teenagers. The main aim of the present study was toexamine additive and moderation effects of gender and personality toexplain individual differences in problematic gaming and video gamegenre preferences in adolescence. 776 Spanish high school students(mean age = 14.29 years, SD = 1.59, 50.64% girls) completed the questionnaires of the Five-Factor Model of personality, frequency of videogaming, disordered use, and the video games they mostly played.Gender differences were observed for gaming behaviors: boys playedmore and presented much more disordered gaming than girls. Boyspreferred competitive genres; for example, action-shooters, sport, fightand strategy games. Girls preferred nonviolent and ocasional gamegenres; for example, social simulation, and brain and skill games.Gender moderated the association between personality and disordered gaming: disordered gaming was associated with low agreeableness and low conscientiousness in boys, and with low extraversion andlow conscientiousness in girls. Low consciousnness moderated theassociation between gaming frequency and problematic use of videogames: playing more video games led to disordered gaming, mainlyin irresponsible and impulsive individuals. Though small, significantassociations were found among all of the personality domains andvid- eo game genre preferences. These findings highlight the relevance of gender and personality for gaming behaviors in adolescence,and suggest paying more attention to gender-dependent differencesand person-environment transactional processes when studying gaming-related behaviors. (AU)

Personalidad y androgenización perinatal en mujeres / Personalidade e androgenização perinatal em mulheres / Personality and perinatal androgenization in women

Objetivo: indagar la influencia de la androgenización pe-rinatal sobre la personalidad en 60 mujeres con edades entre 18 y 42 años de la Región de Cuyo, Argentina.La muestra fue intencional, no aleatoria. Instrumentos: test MillonInventory of PersonalityStyles (MIPS); y la medida y relación de longitud de los dedos (RLD) 2D:4D de la mano derecha. Se formaron dos grupos de compara-ción: G1 con valores de RLD entre el mínimo y el valor medio, y G2 con mediciones entre el valor medio y el valor máximo. Resultados: La comparación de medias indicó diferencias entre G1 y G2 para las bipolaridades Introversión; Conformismo y Control. G1 presentó co-rrelaciones negativas entre las escalas individualidad (r=-0,31; z=0,05) e intuición (r=-0,33; z=0,04*) con RLD. Para G2, valores superiores de RLD, no hubo correlacio-nes. Conclusiones: el Individualismo; la Introversión; la Intuición; el Conformismo y el Control parecen ser más sensibles a los niveles androgénicos perinatales que el resto de las bipolaridades de la personalidad.

Objective: to investigate the influence of perinatal andro-genization on personality in 60 women between the ages of 18 and 42 in the Region of Cuyo, Argentina.The sample was intentional, not random. Instruments: Millon Inventory of Personality Styles test (MIPS); and the measurement and ratio of finger length (RLD) 2D:4D of the right hand. Two compari-son groups were formed: G1 with RLD values between the minimum and the mean value, and G2 with measurements between the mean and the maximum value.Results: Comparison of means indicated differences between G1 and G2 for the bipolari-ties of Introversion; Conformism and Control. G1 showed negative correlations between individuality (r=-0,31; z=0,05) and intuition (r=-0,33; z=0,04*) scales with RLD.For G2, higher RLD values, there were no correlations.Conclusions: Individualism; Introversion; Intuition; Conformism and Control seem to be more sensitive to perinatal androgenic levels than the rest of the bipolarities of personality.

Objetivo: investigar a influência da androgenização perinatal na personalidade de 60 mulheres entre 18 e 42 anos na região de Cuyo, Argentina. A amostra foi intencional, não aleatória. Instrumentos: Teste Millon Inventory of Personality Styles (MIPS); e a medida e a proporção do comprimento do dedo (RLD) 2D: 4D da mão direita. Foram formados dois grupos de comparação: G1 com valores de RLD entre o valor mínimo e o valor médio e G2 com medidas entre a média e o valor máximo.Resultados: A comparação das médias indicou diferenças entre G1 e G2 para as bipolaridades da Introversão; Conformismo e Controle. O G1 apresentou correlações negativas entre as escalas de individualidade (r = -0,31; z = 0,05) e intuição (r = -0,33; z = 0,04 *) com o RLD. Para o G2, maiores valores de RLD foram observados sem correlações.Conclusões: Individualismo; Introversão; Intuição; O conformismo e o controle parecem ser mais sensíveis aos níveis androgênicos perinatais do que o restante das bipolaridades da personalidade.

Faking resistance of a quasi-ipsative forced-choice personality inventory without algebraic dependence / Resistencia al falseamiento de un inventario de personalidad cuasi-ipsativo de elección forzada

This short research note reports on a study on the robustness of a quasi-ipsative forced-choice (FC) personality inventory for controlling the effects of faking. A sample of 126 active managers was randomly divided in three independent groups, with 42 individuals per group. We used an experimental three-group design in which the independent variable was the instructional set (faking, neutral, and honest), and the dependent variables were the scores in the Big Five personality dimensions. The results showed that the average effect sizes were .01, -.02, and 0 for the comparisons among faking-honest, faking-neutral, and neutral-honest groups. These findings showed that the quasi-ipsative FC format with algebraic non-dependence among the scales is a very robust way of controlling faking. We recommend practitioners to use this technology for making personnel selection decisions

Este breve nota de investigación se centra en un estudio sobre la fortaleza de un inventario de personalidad cuasi-ipsativo de elección forzosa para controlar los efectos del falseamiento. Se dividió aleatoriamente la muestra de 126 ejecutivos en activo en tres grupos independientes de 42 sujetos cada uno. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de tres grupos en el que la variable independiente era el conjunto de instrucciones (falseamiento, neutralidad u honestidad) y las variables independientes estaban constituidas por las puntuaciones de las dimensiones de personalidad de los cinco grandes. Los resultados mostraron que el tamaño medio del efecto era .01, -.02 y 0 para las comparaciones entre los grupos falseamiento-honestidad, falseamiento-neutralidad y neutralidad-honestidad. Estos resultados manifiestan que el formato cuasi-ipsativo de elección forzada sin dependencia algebraica entre las escalas es un modo muy sólido de controlar el falseamiento. Recomendamos a los profesionales que utilicen esta tecnología a la hora de tomar decisiones en selección de personal

Tríada oscura de personalidad, satisfacción laboral y cinismo organizacional: un modelo estructural / Dark Triad of Personality, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Cynicism: A Structural Model

Resumen Se analizó el impacto del cinismo organizacional sobre las relaciones entre la tríada oscura (maquiavelismo, narcisismo, psicopatía) y la satisfacción laboral, en una muestra de 343 trabajadores argentinos. Se plantearon hipótesis sobre relaciones directas e indirectas que fueron probadas mediante análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados confirmaron que la tríada predice el cinismo (maquiavelismo: ϒ = 0.39, p < 0.01; psicopatía: ϒ = 0.22, p < 0.01; narcisismo: ϒ = 0.14; p < 0.05), y que el cinismo mediatiza completamente las relaciones entre la tríada y la satisfacción laboral (maquiavelismo: z = -4.51, p < 0.001; psicopatía: z = -3.24, p < 0.001; narcisismo: z = -1.78, p < 0.05). Se discuten las implicancias prácticas de los hallazgos y se sugieren nuevas líneas de investigación futura.

Abstract The impact of organizational cynicism on the relationship between dark personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and job satisfaction was analysed. It was study a sample of 343 Argentinean workers. Hypotheses on direct and indirect relationships were tested by structural equation modelling. The results confirmed that the dark triad predicts cynicism (machiavellianism: ϒ = 0.39, p < 0.01; psychopathy: ϒ = 0.22, p < 0.01; narcissism: ϒ = 0.14; p < 0.05); and that cynicism fully mediates the relationship between the dark side and job satisfaction (machiavellianism: z = -4.51, p < 0.001; psychopathy: z = -3.24, p < 0.001; narcissism: z = -1.78, p < 0.05). Practical implications of findings are discussed and new lines for future studies are suggested.

J. K. Rowling y Severus Snape: dos caras de la misma moneda. Una comparación de las organizaciones de significado personal de la autora y un personaje de la octología de Harry Potter / J. K. Rowling and Severus Snape: two sides of the same coin. A comparison of personal meaning organizations of the author and a character in Harry Potter's octology

La presente investigación, tiene como objetivo la realización de un perfil psicológico de J.k Rowling y de Severus Snape, personaje de la heptalogía de libros de Harry Potter, de la autoría de Rowling. Este perfil se basa en la revisión del material cinematográfico, de la octología basada en los libros ya mencionados y en la película Magic Beyond Words, basada en la vida de J.K Rowling, además de la perspectiva de la psicología cognitiva-postracional. Dentro de los principales resultados encontrados, está el hecho que J.K. Rowling y Severus Snape tienen el mismo patrón de apego, pero no la misma organización de significado personal (OSP), debido a que Rowling es OSP obsesiva y Severus es OSP depresivo; sin embargo, por su configuración de apego evitante, sí son dos caras de la misma moneda.

This research aims to carry out a psychological profile of J.k Rowling and of Severus Snape, character from the harry potter's heptalogy books, by Rowling. This profile is based on the review of the film material of the octology based on the books already mentioned and the film Magic beyond words, based on the life of J.K Rowling, furthermore of perspective of cognitive-postrational psychology. Among the main results found is the fact that J.K. Rowling and Severus Snape have the same attachment, but not the same OSP, owing to Rowling is obsessive OSP and Severus is depressive OSP, but that for its configuration of avoidant attachment if they are two sides of the same coin.

Gender relations and differences between gratitude and personality in university students of lima-peru / Relaciones de género y diferencias entre gratitud y personalidad en estudiantes universitarios de lima-perú

Abstract This study established the relation between gratitude and personality of Peruvian university students residing in Lima; throughout a descriptive correlational design. The sample was composed/conformed by 200 university students living in Lima and it was used the Gratitude Scale developed by Alarcón and the Scale of five factors of Personality by Costa & McCrae.; Both Scales shown a remarkable degree of reliability and validity. Significant relationship between gratitude, Neuroticism, Responsibility and Kindness factors were found in the research; likewise, there were found significant differences according to each sex.

Resumen Este estudio determinó la relación entre la gratitud y la personalidad en estudiantes universitarios de Lima-Perú a través de un diseño descriptivo correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 200 universitarios residentes en Lima, y usando la escala de Gratitud de Alarcón y la escala de Cinco factores de la personalidad de Costa & McCrae, los cuales demostraron altos niveles de fiabilidad y validez, se encontraron relaciones significativas entre la gratitud y los factores de Neuroticismo, Responsabilidad y Amabilidad. También se encontraron diferencias significativas según sexo.

The Relationships between Big Five Personality Traits and Subjective Vitality / Las relaciones entre los rasgos de personalidad Big Five y la vitalidad subjetiva

The current study examined the relationship between big five personality traits and subjective vitality. Participant were 307 university students [180 (59%) female, 127 (41%) male, Mage = 21.24 years, SD = 1.21] who completed questionnaires package the Adjective Based Personality Scale and the Subjective Vitality Scale. A hierarchical regression analyses was used with big five personality traits to explain variance in subjective vitality. The results showed that extraversion, agreeableness, and openness were significant positive predictors and neuroticism was significant negative predictor of subjective vitality which accounted for 31% of the total variance. Consciousness did not significant predictor of subjective vitality. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed

El presente estudio examina la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad Big Five y la vitalidad subjetiva. Los participantes fueron 307 estudiantes universitarios [180 (59%) mujeres, 127 (41%), Medad = 21.24 años, SD = 1.21], que completaron el grupo de cuestionarios Adjective Bases Personality Scale y el Subjective Vitality Scale. Se empleó un análisis de regresión jerárquica con los rasgos de personalidad big five para explicar la varianza en la vitalidad subjetiva. Los resultados muestran que la extraversión, la agradabilidad y la apertura fueron predictores significativamente positivos y el neuroticismo fue un predictor negativo de la vitalidad subjetiva, explicando el 31% del total de la varianza. El nivel de conciencia no fue predictor significativo de la vitalidad subjetiva. Se discute la significación y las limitaciones de los resultados

Diferencias en personalidad entre deportista de deportes de riesgo vs otras modalidades deportivas / Diferenças de personalidade de atletas de esportes de risco vs outros esportes / Diferences of personality between athletes of sports of risk vs other modes sports

El objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar las diferencias en el Estilo de Personalidad entre deportistas y no deportistas y en función del tipo de deporte de práctica. Para ello se aplicó el Inventario Millon de Estilos de Personalidad (MIPS; Millón, 2001) a una muestra de adultos compuesta por 321 deportistas de competición (211 jugadores de fútbol y 110 deportistas de deportes de riesgo) y 88 no deportistas. Los resultados indican que existe un Estilo de Personalidad del deportista, destacándose los deportistas de riesgo por la búsqueda de sensaciones y los futbolistas por aspectos relacionados a la interacción grupal. Se concluye que existen más semejanzas que diferencias entre los grupos de participantes, en el que ciertas características de personalidad se acentúan debido a la influencia ambiental de la actividad física y el deporte sobre la herencia genética de las personas (AU)

The objective of this research is to study the differences in personality style between athletes and non-athletes and depending on the type of sport practice. For this, the Millon Index of Personality Styles applied (MIPS; Millón, 2001) was used. A 321 adult athlete’s sample (211 soccer players and 110 risk sports athletes) and 88 non-athletes. The results indicate that a Sport Personality profile exists, highlighting the risk athletes sensation seeking and footballer’s aspects related to group interaction. It is concluded that there are more similarities than differences between groups of participants, in which certain personality characteristics are accentuated due to environmental influence of physical activity and sport on the genetic heritage of the people (AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa é o estudar as diferenças no estilo de personalidade entre atletas e não-atletas e dependendo do tipo de prática desportiva. Para isso foi aplicado o Inventário Millon de Estilos de Personalidade (MIPS; Millón, 2001) a uma amostra de adultos constituída por 321 atletas de competição (211 jogadores de futebol e 110 atletas de esportes extremos) e 88 pessoas que não eram atletas nem praticavam nenhum tipo de esporte. Os resultados mostraram que existe um tipo de estilo de personalidade do atleta destacando-se os atletas de esportes extremos pela busca de sensações e os jogadores de futebol por fatores relacionados a interação grupal. Conclui-se que existem mais semelhanças que diferenças entre os grupos de participantes no que certas características de personalidade se acentuam por causa da influência ambiental da atividade física e do esporte sobre a herança genética das pessoas (AU)

Impacto del perfil facial en la apreciación de la personalidad / Impact of facial profile on personality assessment

Objetivo: determinar el impacto de los perfiles faciales y analizar si contribuyen a calificar a una persona de agradable, positiva, negativa, simpática, exitosa, alegre o amargada. Materiales y métodos: se modificó la fotografía de una paciente a fin de obtener cinco tipos de perfiles faciales, los cuales fueron evaluados mediante la escala de Likert por estudiantes de odontología, Los resultados fueron volcados en tablas con el programa Excel (Microsoft) y analizados mediante la prueba de ANOVA. Resultados: losperfiles de clase III fueron asociados a personas amargadas, menos exitosas, poco simpáticas y negativas. Los perfiles de clase II, a personas agradables, simpáticas, alegres y positivas. Los perfiles de clase I, a personas exitosas. Conclusiones: el perfil facial influye en la percepción de las personas. El perfil de clase III es asociado a valores socialmente negativos.

Desarrollo de la personalidad: relación con sensibilidad a la ansiedad, rigidez y regulación verbal / Personality development: relationship with anxiety sensitivity, stiffness and regulation verbal

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si existe relación entre sensibilidad a la ansiedad, perfeccionismo (patrón de rigidez vs. flexibilidad) y regulación verbal en niños con patrones disfuncionales de personalidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 123 participantes (53% chicas y 47% chicos), con edades entre 12 y 15 años, que en el momento del estudio se encontraban escolarizados. Se encontraron relaciones fuertes y moderadas entre las variables psicológicas medidas y las escalas de personalidad, así como con algunos síndromes clínicos. Específicamente se observa una clara relación entre la sensibilidad a la ansiedad y el perfeccionismo, así como una relación significativa entre la tendencia instruccional de los participantes y la variabilidad en las pruebas de personalidad. También se confirma la variable rigidez, como la que presenta mayor valor predictivo de la variabilidad en las pruebas de personalidad. Estos resultados pueden marcar algunas pautas para la creación de programas de prevención en los problemas de la personalidad disfuncional en población infantojuvenil

The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between sensibility to the anxiety, perfectionism (rigidity vs. flexibility pattern), and verbal regulation in children with certain dysfunctional personality patterns. The sample consisted of 123 participants (53% girls and 47% boys), aged between 12 and 15 years at the time of the study, who were enrolled in two schools. Strong to moderate relationships between psychological variables and scales measures, as well as with clinical syndromes were found. Specifically a clear relation is observed between sensitivity to anxiety and perfectionism, as well as a significant relation between the instructional tendency of the participants and variability in the tests of personality. The study confirmed that the inflexibility variable presents the highest predictive value in the variability in personality tests. These results point toward some guidelines for the development of programs of prevention for problems of dysfunctional personality in children and youth population

Reflexiones sobre el aborto en el cine de Aki Kaurismäk / Reflections on abortion in the films of aki kaurismäki

La realidad contemporánea presenta el paradójico mundo de la información en su máxima extensión global frente al consecuente conflicto de la incomunicación individual. Un aislamiento presentado bajo el prisma del cineasta finlandés Aki Kaurismäki. Su película La chica de la fábrica de cerillas (1990) es un relato sobre la fragilidad humana que nos aproxima a reconocer algunas de las debilidades de nuestro tiempo y, a la misma vez, permite exponer bioéticamente una crítica -que pretende ir más allá de una reflexión sociológica- sobre la antropología cultural del mundo occidental. La actitud ante la vida de la protagonista muestra la ambivalencia de los valores personales en oposición a los contravalores sociales, situando a la mujer gestante en una encrucijada de respuestas que hacen de la violencia la manifestación de un aprendizaje de origen relacional y emocional. Una agresividad que sitúa a la mujer en la sufrida víctima silenciosa de un conflicto humano como es el aborto de arraigados y coexistentes sentimientos opuestos. La realidad de la joven de la factoría puede analizarse desde la somatización de comportamientos que han reducido la dignidad de su persona al valor de un objeto que, bajo efectos probablemente postraumáticos, dirigen su libertad individual hacia un inconsecuente destino personal

Contemporary reality presents the paradoxical world of information at its most extensive against the subsequent global spread of the individual´s isolation. Isolation presented from the perspective of Finnish filmmaker Aki Kaurismäki. His film The Match Factory Girl is a story about human frailty, which brings us to recognize some of the weaknesses of our time and at the same time allows us to expose a bioethical analysis that aims to go beyond sociological reflection on cultural anthropology in the Western world. The attitude towards the life of the protagonist shows the ambivalence of personal values as opposed to the social counter values, placing the pregnant woman at a crossroads of responses that make violence the manifestation of learning from a relational and emotional origin. Aggression that puts the woman in the position of silent suffering victim of human conflict, as is abortion that is ingrained and coexisting opposing emotions. The reality of the young woman can be analysed from the behavioural somatization that has reduced her personal dignity to the value of an object that, under probably post traumatic effects, that directs her individual freedom towards an inconsequential personal destiny

Transtornos de personalidade: história do conceito e controvérsias atuais / Personality disorders: history of the concept and current controversies

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a estruturação do diagnóstico de Transtorno de Personalidade. Inicialmente, o trabalho percorre o território conceitual com o qual, desde sua origem na passagem do século XVIII para o XIX, a psiquiatria procurou nomear, explicar e compreender as personalidades consideradas anormais. Em seguida promove-se uma discussão acerca das concepções de personalidade, normalidade e patologia que circunscrevem a categoria, orientada a partir do estudo de seus diferentes modelos diagnósticos presentes no DSM-5. Por fim busca-se compreender a relevância atual do diagnóstico de transtorno de personalidade através da análise de alguns exemplos de seu uso em contextos médico, legal e literário. O objetivo é o de entrever o lugar ocupado por esse diagnóstico, especialmente o do tipo Antissocial, no imaginário cultural presente

This work analyzes the processes through which the diagnosis of personality disorder has been structured. First, it covers the conceptual territory through which, from its origin in the passage of the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, psychiatry sought to name, to explain and to understand the so called abnormal personalities. This first step is followed by comments on the concepts of personality, normality and pathology that take part in the construction of this psychiatric category as it exists today. In order to do this, the structure of different diagnostic models present in the DSM-5 is analyzed. Finally, we seek to understand the current relevance of the diagnosis of personality disorder by taking into consideration examples of its use in medical, legal and literary contexts, in order to shed some light over the place occupied by this diagnosis, especially the anti-social type, in today's cultural landscape

Relations between Eastern Four Pillars Theory and Western Measures of Personality Traits

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the validity of personality classification using four pillars theory, a tradition in China and northeastern Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four pillars analyses were performed for 148 adults on the basis of their birth year, month, day, and hour. Participants completed two personality tests, the Korean version of Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short Version (TCI) and the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; scores were correlated with four pillars classification elements. Mean difference tests (e.g., t-test, ANOVA) were compared with groups classified by four pillars index. RESULTS: There were no significant correlations between personality scale scores and total yin/yang number (i.e., the 8 heavenly or earthly stems), and no significant between-groups results for classifications by yin/yang day stem and the five elements. There were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.29) correlations between the five elements and personality scale scores. For the six gods and personality scales, there were significant but weak (r=0.18-0.25) correlations. Features predicted by four pillars theory were most consistent when participants were grouped according to the yin/yang of the day stem and dominance of yin/yang numbers in the eight heavenly or earthly stems. CONCLUSION: Although the major criteria of four pillars theory were not independently correlated with personality scale scores, correlations emerged when participants were grouped according to the composite yin/yang variable. Our results suggest the utility of four pillars theory (beyond fortune telling or astrology) for classifying personality traits and making behavioral predictions.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Temperament & Personality Questionnaire into Brazilian portuguese / Tradução e adaptação cultural para o português brasileiro do Temperament and Personality Questionnaire

Introduction: The Temperament & Personality Questionnaire (T&P) is a self-report instrument designed to evaluate personality styles overrepresented in patients with depression. This report briefly describes the translation and adaptation of the T&P into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The procedures, which included 10 steps, followed guidelines for the adaptation of self-report instruments defined by the International Society For Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Results: The author of the original T&P questionnaire authorized and participated in the translation conducted by the authors and independent native speakers. Evaluation of the translated questionnaire indicated that only minor adjustments were required in the Portuguese version. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of T&P, translated and adapted following a rigid standardized process, is available for use free of charge and may be especially useful in pursuing links between personality styles and depressive conditions (AU)

Introdução: O Temperament & Personality Questionnaire (T&P) é um instrumento de autorrelato criado para avaliar quais estilos de personalidade têm maior representação em pacientes com depressão. Este trabalho descreve brevemente o processo de tradução e adaptação do T&P para o português brasileiro. Métodos: A tradução e a adaptação cultural se desenvolveram em 10 passos e seguiram as diretrizes para adaptação de instrumentos de autorrelato definidas por força-tarefa do ISPOR (International Society For Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research). Resultados: O autor do questionário T&P original autorizou e participou da tradução feita pelos autores e por falantes nativos independentes. A avaliação do questionário traduzido mostrou que apenas pequenos ajustes foram necessários na versão em português. Conclusões: A versão brasileira do questionário T&P, traduzido e adaptado seguindo um rígido processo padronizado, está disponível gratuitamente e pode ser de grande utilidade na pesquisa sobre as relações entre estilos de personalidade e quadros depressivos (AU)

Psychometric properties of the revised conscientiousness dimension of Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP) / Propriedades psicométricas da versão revisada da dimensão conscienciosidade do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP)

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the revised scale of conscientiousness of a clinical personality inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade, IDCP). One hundred and twenty participants (68 women; 56.7%) aged 18 to 53 years (mean = 22.58, standard deviation = 6.19) were recruited by convenience and answered the IDCP and the NEO Personality Inventory - Revised. The analysis of internal structure, association with external variables and reliability of the dimension under review confirmed its validity. The psychometric characteristics of the revised dimension seem to be more adequate than those of the original version and more focused on pathological functioning, which was expected and desirable (AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as propriedades psicométricas da versão revisada da dimensão conscienciosidade do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade (IDCP). Para tanto, participaram da pesquisa 120 sujeitos, recrutados por conveniência, com idade variando entre 18 e 53 anos (média = 22,58; desvio padrão = 6,19), sendo 68 mulheres (56,7%). Todos os sujeitos responderam o IDCP e o Inventário de Personalidade NEO-PI Revisado. Os dados encontrados no estudo foram favoráveis quanto às evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna e na relação com variáveis externas, bem como em relação à fidedignidade da dimensão revisada do instrumento. A partir disso, aponta-se que a dimensão revisada é mais adequada do ponto de vista psicométrico quando comparada com a versão original da mesma e, além disso, apresenta conteúdos mais voltados para o funcionamento patológico, o que era esperado e desejável (AU)

Millon clinical multiaxial inventory III (MCMI-III) and communication styles in a sample of university students

Despite the controversy generated by the conceptualization of personality disorders, it is well established that the inflexibility of coping styles and dysfunctional behaviors associated with them can lead to a considerable impairment in interpersonal relationships. Although communication is one of the most important processes in relating to others, few empirical studies have been undertaken on the influence of dysfunctional personality patterns on communication styles, which is the main objective of the present cross-sectional study. A total of 529 Spanish university students were assessed using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III, Millon, Davis & Millon, 1997), and the Communicator Style Measure (Norton, 1978). Results show statistically significant relationships between different personality patterns and styles of communication and suggest that narcissistic, histrionic and compulsive patterns are related to positive communication styles in a non-clinical sample. The implications of this study are discussed (AU)

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High trait anger Mexican youth: characteristics, parental anger and counseling needs

This study compared three groups of Mexican youth: (1) high trait anger adolescents recognizing anger problems (HR); (2) high trait anger youth not reporting anger problems (HNR); and (3) low trait anger adolescents not reporting anger problems (LNR). The HR group was sizable, representing 21% of all students and 72% of high anger youth. Compared to LNR, high anger groups (HR and HNR) experienced more angry feelings, engaged in anger suppression (e.g., holding anger in and harboring grudges) and aggressive anger expression (e.g., urges to aggression, physical aggressive anger expression toward others and toward self and objects), and reported lower internal and external anger control (e.g., relaxing and controlling one’s behavior when angry). High anger groups also reported greater trait anger in both parents than LNR, suggesting parent’s anger is a risk factor for anger in adolescents. HR and HNR groups, however, did not differ on any variable. Findings for high anger groups supported the intensity, aggression, and reduced positive coping hypotheses of State-Trait Anger Theory. Findings were also discussed in terms of the counseling needs of high anger Mexican youth and State-Trait Theory (AU)

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