ABSTRACT
AIMS: The objective of this paper is to explore the evolution of the forms of madness and the model that accounts for it over time. The classical distinction between several categories of mental disorders is contrasted with the idea of unitary psychosis. METHODS: Historical conceptual analysis. The concept of unitary psychosis is explored in its basic features. Its origins in the nineteenth century and developments during the twentieth century are considered. RESULTS: Following the publication of Kraepelin's fundamental handbook, the debate was shaped as pro or against the Kraepelinian dichotomy between dementia praecox and manic-depressive illness. However, the origins of the concept of unitary psychosis as well as some more recent developments are independent from it. CONCLUSIONS: This article argues that, when viewed pragmatically, both positions (the pluralist and the unitary) bring advantages that can be complementary rather than mutually exclusive. The pluralist position allows us to recognize the qualitative differences between phenomena and structures of experience, while the unitary model prevents us from reifying them. This is achieved by paying attention to the diachronic evolution and the pathogenetic dynamics.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders , Humans , Bipolar Disorder/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Psychotic Disorders/historyABSTRACT
We present a social-historical perspective on the evolution of the voice-hearing phenomenon in Western society. Based upon a systematic search from a selection of nine databases, we trace the way hearing voices has been understood throughout the ages. Originally, hearing voices was considered a gifted talent for accessing the divine, but the progressive influence of monotheistic religion gradually condemned the practice to social marginalization. Later, the medical and psychiatric professions of secular society were instrumental in attaching stigma to both voice hearers and the phenomenon itself, thereby reinforcing social exclusion. More recently, the re-integration of voice hearers into the community by health authorities in various countries appears to have provided a new, socially acceptable setting for the phenomenon.
Subject(s)
Hallucinations , Humans , Hallucinations/history , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Psychotic Disorders/history , Social Stigma , Western World/historyABSTRACT
A psicanálise muito se ocupou de compreender as sociedades e sujeitos que a compõem, e, disto, Freud desenvolveu as três estruturas clínicas. Contudo, foi com Lacan que a psicose foi mais explorada teórica e clinicamente. Depois, com Miller e a "formalização" do termo "psicose ordinária", em 1998, há também os "inclassificáveis", que escapam destas estruturas. Na sociologia, Bauman cria o termo "Modernidade Líquida", para se referir a este tempo de desbussolamento do sujeito, de escape e perda de referencial, que nos motivou a discutir, teoricamente, quais as relações entre essa modernidade e as estruturas psíquicas existentes e reconhecidas pela psicanálise Freud-lacaniana. Tal discussão foi realizada através de revisão bibliográfica das obras de Freud, Lacan, Miller e Bauman, resultando no entendimento de que as formas de gozo se multiplicaram e seu valor simbólico para o sujeito se estilhaçou; aquilo que era a regra, hoje é mais um dos desvios dos sintomas.
Psychoanalysis was very concerned with understanding the societies and subjects that compose it, and, from this, Freud developed the three clinical structures. However, However, with Lacan psychosis started to be more explored theoretically and clinically. Then, with Miller and the "formalization" of the term "ordinary psychosis", in 1998, there are also the "unclassifiable", who escape these structures. In sociology, Bauman coined the term "Liquid Modernity", to refer to this time of subject disbussing, of escape and loss of reference, which motivated us to discuss, theoretically, which relationships are between this modernity and the existing psychic structures and recognized by Freud-Lacanian psychoanalysis. Carried out through a bibliographic review from Freud, Lacan, Miller and Bauman's work, which results in the, resulting in the understanding that the forms of jouissance multiplied and their symbolic value for the subject shattered; what used to be the rule, today is yet another symptom deviation.
El psicoanálisis se preocupó mucho por comprender las sociedades y los sujetos que lo componen y, a partir de ello, Freud desarrolló las tres estructuras clínicas. Sin embargo, fue con Lacan que la psicosis se exploró más teórica y clínicamente. Luego, con Miller y la "formalización" del término "psicosis ordinaria", en 1998, también están los "inclasificables", que escapan a estas estructuras. En sociología, Bauman acuñó el término "Modernidad líquida", para referirse a este tiempo de discusión de sujetos, de escape y pérdida de referencia, que nos motivó a discutir, teóricamente, cuáles son las relaciones entre esta modernidad y las estructuras psíquicas existentes y reconocido por el psicoanálisis freud-lacaniano. Dicha discusión se llevó a cabo mediante una revisión bibliográfica de las obras de Freud, Lacan, Miller y Bauman, dando como resultado la comprensión de que las formas de goce se multiplicaron y su valor simbólico para el sujeto se hizo añicos; lo que solía ser la regla, hoy es otra desviación de síntoma.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Sociology , Psychotic Disorders/history , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Se pretende estudiar las bases ideológicas de la higiene mental, entendida como higiene racial y moral, durante el primer franquismo, así como su evolución hasta 1960. En primer lugar, se analiza la conceptualización de la higiene mental en la década de 1940 y su papel como instrumento para legitimar la dictadura, mostrando las implicaciones del catolicismo ortodoxo, así como sus vinculaciones con la higiene racial y la moral. En segundo lugar, se estudia la transformación de la higiene mental durante la década de 1950 hacia una mayor tecnificación y vinculación con las corrientes más modernas de la psiquiatría coetánea, sin abandonar nunca el sustrato ideológico del catolicismo. Para ello nos centraremos en el análisis tanto de la Semana de Higiene Mental celebrada en Barcelona en 1954 como en la creación del Patronato Nacional de Asistencia Psiquiátrica, que asumió entre sus competencias las de la higiene mental. El trabajo muestra la estrecha vinculación de la higiene mental durante el primer franquismo con los principios políticos de la Dictadura. Durante la década de 1940 se erigió un discurso duro que consideró la higiene mental como un instrumento para educar moral y espiritualmente al pueblo español en los principios políticos del «Nuevo Estado», patologizar a la disidencia política y purificar ideológicamente el país. En la década de 1950, la higiene mental franquista vivió un proceso de aggiornamiento muy marcado por los acontecimientos políticos internacionales y la derrota del fascismo en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, iniciándose un proyecto autoritario de modernización en un contexto internacional ya dirigido hacia la salud mental (AU)
In this paper, we study the ideological bases of mental hygiene, understood as racial and moral hygiene, during the first years of Franco's regime and their evolution until 1960. First, we discuss the conceptualization of mental hygiene in the 1940s and its role as a tool for the legitimization of dictatorship, revealing the involvement of orthodox Catholicism and its links with moral and racial hygiene. Second, we assess the transformation of mental hygiene during the 1950s towards modernization and a stronger linkage with the dominant trends of contemporary psychiatry without ever leaving the ideological background of Catholicism. For this purpose, we will focus on analysis of the activities of the Mental Hygiene Week held in Barcelona in 1954 and on the creation in 1955 of the National Board of Psychiatric Care, which took on mental hygiene as one of its functions. This paper shows the close relationship of mental hygiene during the early years of Francoism with the political principles of the Dictatorship. The 1940s witnessed the deployment of a harsh discourse in which mental hygiene was a tool for the (moral and spiritual) education of the Spanish people in the political principles of the "New State", pathologizing political dissent and ideologically purifying the country. In the 1950s, Francoist mental hygiene underwent a process of aggiornamento marked by international political events following the defeat of fascism in World War II, advancing a project for (authoritarian) modernization in an international context already directed towards mental health.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History, 20th Century , Mental Health/history , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/history , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Psychopathology/history , Mental Health Services/history , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychoanalysis/history , WarfareABSTRACT
Resumo Abordam-se as mudanças nos sistemas de classificação diagnóstica das doenças mentais, em especial o enfraquecimento conceitual da categoria “psicose” e a dominância da esquizofrenia como psicose única. As classificações atuais priorizam uma abordagem fisicalista da patologia mental. Ocorrem, então, a medicalização das condições antes associadas à neurose e à subjetividade; a localização de quadros antes reconhecidos como psicóticos na rubrica dos transtornos de personalidade; e a redução da psicose à esquizofrenia, abordada como deficit das funções psíquicas. Aponta-se a validade clínica e operatória da noção de “psicose” como categoria nosográfica que permite abordagem mais complexa da “esquizofrenia”, última noção, na psiquiatria, com o peso simbólico da loucura.
Abstract This article discusses changes in the diagnostic classification systems for mental illness, especially the conceptual weakening of the “psychosis” category while schizophrenia became the only psychosis. Current pathological classifications prioritize a physicalist approach. Consequently, conditions that previously were associated with neurosis and subjectivity are being medicalized, conditions previously recognized as psychotic are relocated under the heading of personality disorders, and psychosis has been reduced to schizophrenia and considered a deficit of psychic functions. This article indicates the clinical and operational validity of the notion of “psychosis” as a nosographic category permitting a more complex approach to “schizophrenia”, which in psychiatry is the last concept that bears the symbolic weight of madness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/history , Schizophrenia/history , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Mental Disorders/classification , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychotic Disorders/classification , Schizophrenia/classificationABSTRACT
Partiendo de la distinción entre Primma y Summa, este trabajo conjuga los dos sentidos de lo arcaico: el de lo primero y el de lo primordial. Desde esta perspectiva, el autor propone deducir lo arcaico a posteriori, como la única manera de referirnos a él. Desde la base de que lo arcaico ilustra el estado de confusión que reina entre pulsión, objeto y yo, se postula que lo arcaico nunca es enteramente uniforme y que, en el estado normal, es legítimo buscar lo arcaico del lado del superyó: encarnado al cuerpo por el ello e injertado en lo más carnal que se contiene en la relación del hijo con las imagos parentales. En función de estas consideraciones, este trabajo muestra la fundación de la relación arcaica propia de las relaciones superyó-ideal en la ¿vialidad primaria que se expresa en la alternancia obediencia-orgullo entre el yo y el objeto, y en la confusión entre poder y potencia propia de los casos fronterizos. El autor concluye sosteniendo que ligar lo arcaico en el superyó y el ideal del yo es el mejor medio para no quedar preso entre el martillo de la obediencia y el yunque del orgullo (AU)
Drawing upon the distinction between Prima and Summa, this work conjugates the two meanings of the archaic: "the first"and "the most important". With this in mind, the author proposes that we may only apprehend the archaic a posteriori, retrospectively. Starting from the premise that the archaic illustrates the state of confusion that reigns between drive (instinct), object and ego, the author postulates that the archaic is never entirely uniform and that, in normal state, it is legitimate to look for the archaic on the side of the superego: taking on bodily form through the id and grafted onto that which is most carnal contained within the relationship of the child with the parental images. On the basis of these considerations, this work reveals the formation of the archaic relations-hip found in the relations between superego and ego ideal in "primary anality", expressed in the alternation of obedience/ pride between the ego and the object, and in the confusion between power and potency typical of borderline cases. The author concludes by arguing that binding the archaic within the superego and the ego ideal is the best way not to get Caught between the hammer of obedience and the anvil of pride (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ego , Self Psychology , Power, Psychological , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychoanalysis/methods , Freudian Theory/history , Oedipus Complex , Denial, Psychological , Fetishism, Psychiatric/history , Fetishism, Psychiatric/pathology , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Drive , Psychoanalysis/trends , InstinctABSTRACT
Mediante el análisis de la obra literaria de la autora alemana Unica Zürn se pretende dar cuenta de la causalidad psíquica de su locura. Los tres textos autobiográficos que se trabajan en este análisis son: El trapecio del destino y otros cuentos, El hombre jazmín. Impresiones de una enfermedad mental y Primavera sombría (AU)
By analyzing the literary work of the German writer Unica Zürn, the author seeks to account for the mental causation of her insanity. The three autobiographical texts worked out this analysis are: The trapezium on destination and other stories, The man of jasmine. Impressions from a mental illness and Dark spring (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Causality , Autobiography , Schizophrenia/history , Schizophrenic Psychology , Psychotic Disorders/history , Delirium/diagnosis , Paint , Fear/psychology , Hallucinations/psychology , Basal Ganglia Diseases/history , Basal Ganglia Diseases/pathology , Hallucinations/diagnosis , Delirium/history , Paint/history , Hallucinations/historyABSTRACT
Este artículo, basado en la documentación inquisitorial del Archivo Histórico Nacional, analiza la visión que los inquisidores y sus ayudantes tuvieron de la locura y, en algunos casos, la utilización que hicieron de ésta en los siglos XVI y XVII para acallar determinadas actitudes. En la primera parte del artículo se estudian las manifestaciones y los tratamientos de la locura en el ámbito inquisitorial. Se examinan esencialmente casos de reos locos a los que los inquisidores no consideraron demasiado peligrosos políticamente, es decir reos que no eran susceptibles de contagiar sus ideas o de crear émulos. También se evocan las relaciones tensas entre los inquisidores de Toledo y el cabildo de la iglesia, de quien dependía el hospital de locos de esta ciudad («Hospital del Nuncio»), a propósito del ingreso de reos locos (AU)
This article, based on the inquisitorial documents of Archivo Histórico Nacional analyses the inquisitors' and their assistants' madness point of view and, in some cases, how they used it to silence certain attitudes in the XVI and XVII centuries. In the first part of the article, madness manifestations and treatments are studied in the inquisitorial field. Mad defendant cases are analysed, essentially those ones, inquisitors did not consider to be politically dangerous because the defendants were not susceptible of spreading their ideas or making rivals. Besides, regarding mad defendants' admission, the strained relationship between the Toledo inquisitors and the chapter, on which this town's mental hospital (Hospital del Nuncio) depended, is also mentioned (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotic Disorders/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , History of Medicine , Prisoners/psychology , Phobic Disorders/history , Depressive Disorder/history , Torture/historyABSTRACT
El trabajo estudia la introducción de las nuevas terapias físicas en los años anteriores a la Segunda República Española. Concluye que los tratamientos físicos vigentes en la literatura internacional se introdujeron tempranamente en España y fueron puestos en práctica por parte de los psiquiatras más destacados, aunque en un escaso número de casos. Dada la crítica generalizada a la eficacia de la psiquiatría como especialidad, hubo un sesgo general a valorar positivamente la eficacia de estas terapias por parte de la nueva generación de psiquiatras españoles, que no se dio en otros países de nuestro entorno. Se opusieron a esta tendencia los psiquiatras que competían profesionalmente con aquellos, sin que la opinión de ningún grupo tuviese un apoyo empírico suficiente (AU)
This paper studies the introduction of the new physical therapies in the years prior to the Second Spanish Republic. It concludes that the physical treatments in force in the international literature were introduced early in Spain and were put into practice by the most important psychiatrists, although in few cases. Given the generalized criticism on the efficacy of psychiatry as a specialty, there was a general bias towards a positive evaluation of the efficacy of the physical therapies by the new generation of Spanish psychiatrists that did not occur in other countries of our setting. The psychiatrists who disagreed professionally with the above-psychiatrists opposed this tendency, there not being sufficient empirical support for the opinion of any group (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Psychiatric Somatic Therapies/history , Psychotic Disorders/history , History of MedicineABSTRACT
En este trabajo se analiza la trayectoria vital y profesional de J. N. Rosen, un pionero controvertido en el abordaje de la psicosis desde la óptica psicoanalítica (AU)
This paper analyses the life and the work of J. N. Rosen, a controversial pioneer in the approach of psychosis from a psychoanalytic perspective (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychoanalysis/methods , Psychoanalysis/trends , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/pathology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychoanalytic Therapy/standards , Psychoanalytic Therapy/trendsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychopathology/methods , Hallucinations/pathology , Hallucinations/psychology , Automatism/psychology , Psychiatry/history , Psychopathology/trends , Schizophrenia/history , Schizophrenia/therapy , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
Desde la década de 1970 con el valproato y la carbamazepina varios fármacos antiepilépticos se han establecido como opciones terapéuticas en el trastorno bipolar. Según el nivel I de la medicina basada en la evidencia se ha confirmado la eficacia del valproato y la carbamazepina en el tratamiento de la manía, si bien su papel en el tratamiento de mantenimiento es menos evidente que el del litio. La lamotrigina ha demostrado también con un nivel I de evidencia su eficacia en el tratamiento de la depresión y el mantenimiento del trastorno bipolar. La oxcarbazepina es un cetoanálogo de la carbamazepina con similar estructura y perfil antiepiléptico. La oxcarbazepina tiene menos efectos secundarios importantes y menos interacciones farmacológicas que la carbamazepina y el valproato. La evidencia disponible sugiere que la oxcarbazepina puede ser efectiva en el tratamiento de la manía y en el tratamiento de mantenimiento del trastorno bipolar. Son necesarios nuevos estudios doble-ciego controlados con placebo que lo confirmen definitivamente (AU)
Starting in the 1970s with valproate and carbamazepine several anticonvulsant drugs have been established as treatment option in bipolar disorder. Level I of evidence based medicine confirm the efficacy of valproate and carbamazepine in the treatment of mania but their role in maintenance therapy is less clear than of lithium. Level I of evidence based medicine also confirm the efficacy of lamotrigine in the treatment of depression and in the maintenance therapy of bipolar disorder. Oxcarbazepine is a chemical keto-derivative of carbamazepina with a similar structure and antiepileptic profile. Oxcarbazepine has less severe adverse effects and less pharmacological interactions than carbamazepine and valproate. The available evidence suggest that oxcarbazepine may be effective in the treatment of mania and in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Further double-blind placebo controlled studies are needed for confirm this statement (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Schizophrenic Psychology , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Valproic Acid/history , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Psychopharmacology/methods , Anticonvulsants/history , Psychopharmacology/history , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychopharmacology/standardsABSTRACT
Nuestra pretensión en este trabajo ha consistido en abordar las relaciones entre surrealismo y psiquiatría. Tales relaciones son posibles dado que este grupo de artistas y literator: a) mostraron un gran interés por lo irracional y por la locura; b) algunos de ellos fueron psiquiatras (Breton, Huelsenbeck) o tenían importantes conocimientos de algunas patologías que se explican en nuestra especialidad; y c) adoptaron como matriz ideológica los postulados psicoanalíticos. Dentro de este movimiento, consideramos a Dalí no sólo como un pintor, sino también como un hombre cultivado y bastante versado en el tema de la paranoia. El encuentro que Lacan tuvo con el genio de Cadaqués fue fundamental para que el primero de ellos desarrollara un conocimiento distinto sobre este trastorno y, como consecuencia, defendiese brillantemente su tesis doctoral en 1932, que fue elogiada por la vanguardia artística y a partir de ese momento, fue considerado como el guía y maestro del futuro movimiento psicoanalítico francés
The purpose of this work is to study the relationship between surrealism and psychiatry. This is possible because these group of artist and arts men: a) took an interest in the irrational and madness; b) some of them were psychiatrist (Breton, Huelsenbeck) or had a through knowledge of some psychopathology; and c) they adopted psychoanalytical propositions as ideology. Within this movement we consider Dalí not only as a painter but also a cultured and expert man in th e theme of paranoia. The meeting between Lacan and the artist from Cadaqués was decisive for the first of them to develop a different concept to paranoia that in 1932 ended up a brilliant doctoral thesis which was praised by the ultra-modern artist, and from then on the future French psychoanalytical movement
Subject(s)
History, 19th Century , Schizophrenia/history , Schizophrenic Psychology , Paranoid Disorders/history , Paranoid Disorders/psychology , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Neurocognitive Disorders/history , Dissociative Identity Disorder/history , Cognitive Science/methods , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Dissociative Identity Disorder/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Paranoid Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
En esta segunda parte, en un primer tiempo hemos abordado la paranoia desde los presupuestos surrealistas. Procediendo así, hemos demostrado que la intuición daliniana de la imagen doble tiene que ver con la dualidad existente en el precepto de estos pacientes. La investigación nos llevó, en última instancia, a comprobar que en el paranoico el significado (s) se halla fusionado al objeto (O), de manera que forman un conglomerado al que nosotros hemos denominado complejo O/s. Quiere esto decir que el paciente, al captar el objeto, añade el significado como si este formara parte de las propiedades de aquel. En un segundo tiempo, nuestra intención ha sido realizar una intelección del objeto surrealista y hemos concluido que este lleva implícito el sinsentido y que, por tanto, se encuentra más cercano a la locura que a la expresión de lo contenido en el inconsciente
In this second part of the present work we first discuss the paranoia according to he surrealist propositions. That way we demonstrate that Dali´s double image intuition have to do with paranoia dual perception. The data from paranoic patients show a fusion between a single signifier (s) and the object (O) what we have named O/s complex. This means that the paranoiac links the signifier as one more object´s immutable attribute. Second we approach the meaning of the surrealist object coming to the conclusion that there is implicit no-sense in it, and therefore it´s nearer to the madness than to the unconscious
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Paranoid Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychiatry/history , Psychiatry/methods , Compulsive Personality Disorder/diagnosis , Compulsive Personality Disorder/history , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/history , Neurotic Disorders/diagnosis , Neurotic Disorders/history , Personality Disorders/epidemiology , Personality Disorders/history , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Paranoid Disorders/epidemiology , Psychoanalysis/methods , Depressive Disorder/historyABSTRACT
Este trabajo presenta una revisión de las teorías cognitivas actuales sobre la formacióny mantenimiento de las creencias delirantes. Los estudios sobre el tema señalan la existenciade sesgos cognitivos subyacentes en la aparición y mantenimiento de este síntoma.Presentamos aquí los principales grupos de teorías propuestas en la actualidad, a saber:aquellas que proponen la existencia de sesgos y déficit de razonamiento, atencionales,atribucionales y de teoría de la mente en la formación y mantenimiento del delirio. Estosestudios han aportado una nueva visión de este síntoma sosteniendo que son los mismosprocesos de razonamiento que están en juego en las creencias normales los que influyenel la adquisición y mantenimiento del delirio. Se ofrece también una pequeña reseña dela concepción subyacente de este síntoma sobre las que se sustentan estas teorías
In this paper we present a review of current cognitive theories of delusion formation.Empirical research on delusions has shown that people with delusional beliefs doshow underlying cognitive biases in several tasks which are related to the severity oftheir pathological beliefs. The main theories discussed in this paper, in their relation tothe onset and maintenance of delusions, are related to the following domains: reasoningdeficits, attentional biases, causal attributions biases, and theory of mind deficits. Wedefend that these studies are providing a new view of that psychotic symptom as thereis an assumption that the reasoning processes implied in the formation of delusions aresimilar to those found in reasoning in normal people. The implications of this researchboth on the understanding of delusions and on innovative pathways to psychologicalintervention are discussed
Subject(s)
Neurocognitive Disorders/complications , Neurocognitive Disorders/epidemiology , Neurocognitive Disorders/history , Delirium/complications , Delirium/epidemiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychoanalytic Theory , Paranoid Disorders/epidemiology , Contingency Plans , Psychological Theory , Selection Bias , Psychophysiology/methods , Gestalt Theory , Psychoanalysis/statistics & numerical data , Psychoanalysis/trends , Psychosocial ImpactABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/history , Paranoid Disorders/diagnosis , Paranoid Disorders/historyABSTRACT
En la segunda parte de este trabajo, continuamos el recorrido por la vida de Lacan y nos iniciamos con la influencia de Heidegger, que se muestra en el tema del descubrimiento de la verdad. Seguimos con el segundo relevo estructural, en relación con la lectura de Jacobson y que permite teorizar el complejo de Edipo freudiano como metáfora. Con esas premisas (estructurales), Lacan se dirige de nuevo al terreno de la psicosis y nos presenta el fenómeno de la forclusión, en unión directa con un significante muy particular: el nombre-del-padre. Asimismo, la influencia de Bataille se deja sentir en la creación de un término nuevo: el objeto a, que queda solapado a lo real. Acabamos la exposición con la primera influencia delas matemáticas sobre su obra psicoanalítica, que le viene de los textos de Kurt Gödel y le llevará a la formulación de una lógica muy particular: la del no-todo
In the second part of this work, we continue with Lacan biography and begining with Heidegger influence on the theme of the truth. Well also see the second Jacobson structural influence that drove him to theorize the Freudian Oedipus as a metaphor. That all ends up in a conception on the psychosis trough two new estructural concepts: the foreclosure and the name-of-the-father. Likewise, Bataille led Lacan to another new concept: the objet (petit) a related to the real. We are finishing this work talking about the first mathematics influence of Kurt Gödel on Lacan
Subject(s)
Oedipus Complex , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/history , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychoanalysis/methods , Mathematics , Existentialism , Metaphysics , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychoanalysis/standards , Psychoanalysis/trends , Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical/ethicsABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam uma sintética revisão da história da doença bipolar, a partir de Araeteus da Capadócia até os tempos atuais. O conceito moderno de doença bipolar foi iniciado na França, com os trabalhos de Falret (1851) e Baillarger (1856). Os conceitos seminais de Emil Kraepelin mudaram as bases da nosologia psiquiátrica, e o seu conceito unitário a respeito da "insanidade maníaco-depressiva" foi amplamente aceito e adotado. As idéias de Kraepelin e Weigandt constituíram-se na pedra angular para sua concepção unitária da doença maníaco-depressiva. Depois de Kraepelin, no entanto, as idéias de Kleist e Leonhard, na Alemanha, e o trabalho de Angst, Perris e Winokur enfatizaram a distinção entre as formas unipolar e bipolar da depressão. Mais recentemente a ênfase mudou novamente para o espectro bipolar, que se estende até os limites dos temperamentos normais (Akiskal e colaboradores). Finalizando, os autores sumarizam as controvérsias quanto à nosologia do transtorno bipolar e suas fronteiras com a esquizofrenia, os quadros esquizoafetivos e as chamadas psicoses ciclóides.