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1.
Circ Cardiovasc Interv ; 17(9): e014045, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39286899

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has a high diagnostic accuracy for visualization of grafts. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in patients with CABG is associated with increased procedural time, contrast agent administration, radiation exposure, and complications, compared with non-CABG patients. The aim of this multicenter, randomized controlled trial was to compare the strategy of CCTA-guided ICA versus classic ICA in patients with prior CABG. METHODS: Patients with prior CABG were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to have a CCTA before ICA (CCTA-ICA, group A) or not (ICA-only, group B). The primary end point of the study was the total volume (milliliters) of the contrast agent administered. RESULTS: A total of 251 patients were randomized, and 225 were included in analysis; 110 in group A and 115 in group B. The total contrast volume was higher in group A (184.5 [143-255] versus 154 [102-240] mL; P=0.001). The contrast volume administered during the invasive procedure was lower in group A (101.5 [60-151] versus 154 [102-240]; P<0.001). Total fluoroscopy time was decreased in group A (480 [259-873] versus 594 [360-1080] seconds; P=0.027), but total effective dose was increased (24.1 [17.7-32] versus 10.8 [5.6-18] mSv; P<0.001). The rate of contrast-induced nephropathy, periprocedural complications, and major adverse cardiac events during 3 to 5 and 30 days did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A CCTA-directed ICA strategy for patients with CABG is associated with expedition of the invasive procedure, and less fluoroscopy time, at the cost of higher total contrast volume and effective radiation dose, compared with the classic ICA approach. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04631809.


Subject(s)
Computed Tomography Angiography , Contrast Media , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Bypass , Coronary Artery Disease , Predictive Value of Tests , Humans , Male , Female , Coronary Angiography/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Aged , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Contrast Media/administration & dosage , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Radiation Dosage , Time Factors , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Radiation Exposure/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Prospective Studies , Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(18)2024 Sep 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39337351

ABSTRACT

Accidental exposure to high-dose radiation while pregnant has shown significant negative effects on the developing fetus. One fetal organ which has been studied is the placenta. The placenta performs all essential functions for fetal development, including nutrition, respiration, waste excretion, endocrine communication, and immunological functions. Improper placental development can lead to complications during pregnancy, as well as the occurrence of intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) offspring. IUGR is one of the leading indicators of fetal programming, classified as an improper uterine environment leading to the predisposition of diseases within the offspring. With numerous studies examining fetal programming, there remains a significant gap in understanding the placenta's role in irradiation-induced fetal programming. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on how irradiation affects placental function to guide future research directions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of placental biology, including its development, structure, and function, and summarizes the placenta's role in fetal programming, with a focus on the impact of radiation on placental biology. Taken together, this review demonstrates that fetal radiation exposure causes placental degradation and immune function dysregulation. Given the placenta's crucial role in fetal development, understanding its impact on irradiation-induced IUGR is essential.


Subject(s)
Fetal Development , Placenta , Radiation Exposure , Radiation, Ionizing , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Placenta/radiation effects , Fetal Development/radiation effects , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Animals , Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology , Fetus/radiation effects
3.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 200(15): 1462-1469, 2024 Sep 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39244378

ABSTRACT

The advent of fluoroscopically guided cardiology procedures has greatly improved patient outcomes but has also increased occupational radiation exposure for healthcare professionals, leading to adverse health effects such as radiation-induced cataracts, alopecia, and cancer. This emphasizes the need for effective radiation safety training. Traditional training methods, often based on passive learning, fail to simulate the dynamic catheterization laboratory environment adequately. Virtual Reality (VR) offers a promising alternative by providing immersive, interactive experiences that mimic real-world scenarios without the risks of actual radiation exposure. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of VR-based radiation safety training compared to traditional methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 48 healthcare professionals in a catheterization lab setting. Participants underwent a 1-hour self-directed VR training session using Virtual Medical Coaching's RadSafe VR software, which simulates real-world clinical scenarios. Pre- and post-intervention radiation dose levels were measured using personal dosimeters at the eye, chest, and pelvis. Knowledge and skills were assessed through tests, and feedback was gathered through surveys and interviews. Statistical analysis revealed significant reductions in radiation exposure across all professional groups after VR training. For cardiologists, the eye dose dropped by 21.88% (from 2.88 mSv to 2.25 mSv), the chest dose decreased by 21.65% (from 4.11 mSv to 3.22 mSv), and the pelvis dose went down by 21.84% (from 2.06 mSv to 1.61 mSv). Perioperative nurses experienced similar reductions, with eye doses decreasing by 14.74% (from 1.56 mSv to 1.33 mSv), chest doses by 26.92% (from 2.6 mSv to 1.9 mSv), and pelvis doses by 26.92% (from 1.3 mSv to 0.95 mSv). Radiographers saw their eye doses reduced by 18.95% (from 0.95 mSv to 0.77 mSv), chest doses by 42.11% (from 1.9 mSv to 1.1 mSv), and pelvis doses by 27.63% (from 0.76 mSv to 0.55 mSv).Participants reported enhanced engagement, improved understanding of radiation safety, and a preference for VR over traditional methods. A cost analysis also demonstrated the economic advantages of VR training, with significant savings in staff time and rental costs compared to traditional methods. Our findings suggest that VR is a highly effective and cost-efficient training tool for radiation safety in healthcare, offering significant benefits over traditional training approaches.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization , Occupational Exposure , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Protection , Virtual Reality , Humans , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Prospective Studies , Female , Radiation Exposure/analysis , Radiation Exposure/prevention & control , Male , Adult , Fluoroscopy , Health Personnel
4.
J Radiol Prot ; 44(3)2024 Sep 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39265581

ABSTRACT

Occupational radiation exposure to the eye lens of medical staff during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be kept low so as not to exceed annual dose limits. Dose should be low to avoid tissue reactions and minimizing stochastic effects. It is known that the head and neck of the staff are exposed to more scattered radiation in an over-couch tube system than in a C-arm system (under-couch tube). However, this is only true when radiation-shielding curtains are not used. This study aimed to compare the protection radiation to the occupationally exposed worker between a lead curtain mounted on a C-arm system and an ERCP-specific lead curtain mounted on an over-couch tube system. A phantom study simulating a typical setting for ERCP procedures was conducted, and the scattered radiation dose at four staff positions were measured. It was found that scattered radiation doses were higher in the C-arm with a lead curtain than in the over-couch tube with an ERCP-specific lead curtain at all positions measured in this study. It was concluded that the over-couch tube system with an ERCP-specific lead curtain would reduce the staff eye dose by less than one-third compared to the C-arm system with a lead curtain. For the C-arm system, it is necessary to consider more effective radiation protection measures for the upper body of the staff, such as a ceiling-suspended lead screen or another novel shielding that do not interfere with procedures.


Subject(s)
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Occupational Exposure , Radiation Protection , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Humans , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Dosage , Phantoms, Imaging , Equipment Design , Radiation Exposure/analysis
6.
J Radiol Prot ; 44(3)2024 Sep 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39178892

ABSTRACT

Patient doses cannot be limited; instead, radiological examinations should be justified and optimised to ensure the necessary diagnostic or therapeutic effect with the lowest patient dose achievable. Assessment of the radiation risks from patient exposure is important part of the justification process. Hence, medical staff within the framework of their professional activities should possess necessary information on the data on radiation risk from different types of radiological procedures. An approach has been developed that allows considering age and gender dependences of the risk coefficients of radiogenic cancer and the age and gender distribution of patients for various radiological examinations to assess the individual radiation risk for patient and collective risk for population from medical exposure. The approach is based on a new expanded use of the effective dose concept proposed in ICRP Publication 147 and demonstrated using the medical exposure in the Russian Federation as the example. For 30 radiological examinations that compose about 80% of the collective dose from medical exposure of the public in the Russian Federation radiation risk was assessed based on calculated age and gender specific risk coefficients per unit effective dose. For the rest of the examinations a simplified approach was used to assess the risk, which was based on using an age and gender specific risk coefficient determined for one of 4 anatomical regions (head, neck, chest and abdomen) or for uniform irradiation of the whole body. The proposed approach allows significantly improving the assessment of the radiation risk while continuing to use the effective dose as a dosimetric quantity within the framework of the state program in the Russian Federation. As a result the collective risk from medical examinations in the Russian Federation in 2022 was lower by the factor of 3 compared to the previous assessment based on the effective dose with the nominal risk coefficient.


Subject(s)
Radiation Dosage , Humans , Risk Assessment , Male , Female , Radiation Protection , Adult , Russia , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology , Radiation Exposure , Child , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Aged , Radiography/adverse effects
7.
Cancer Radiother ; 28(4): 380-384, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39098509

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Secondary breast cancer is a frequent late adverse event of mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma radiotherapy. Secondary breast cancers overwhelmingly correspond to ductal carcinoma and develop from the glandular mammary tissue. In addition, during childhood, radiation overexposure of the glandular tissue may lead to a late breast hypotrophy at adult age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation exposure to the glandular tissue in patients treated for mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma with intensity-modulated proton therapy, in order to evaluate the potential dosimetric usefulness of its delineation for breast sparing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen consecutive intermediate-risk mediastinal female patients with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with consolidation radiation with deep inspiration breath hold intensity-modulated proton therapy to the total dose of 30Gy were included. Breasts were delineated according to the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology guidelines for treatment optimization ("clinical organ at risk"). The glandular tissue ("glandular organ at risk") was retrospectively contoured on the initial simulation CT scans based on Hounsfield unit (HU) values, using a range between -80HU and 500HU. RESULTS: The mean and maximum doses delivered to the glandular organ at risk were significantly lower than the mean and maximum doses delivered to the clinical organ at risk, but were statistically correlated. Glandular organ at risk volumes were significantly smaller. CONCLUSION: Optimizing the treatment plans on the clinical breast contours will systematically lead to overestimation of the dose received to the glandular tissue and, consequently, to an indistinct and involuntary improved glandular tissue sparing. As such, our findings do not support the consideration of the glandular tissue as an additional organ at risk when planning intensity-modulated proton therapy for mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma in female patients.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Hodgkin Disease , Mediastinal Neoplasms , Organs at Risk , Proton Therapy , Humans , Hodgkin Disease/radiotherapy , Female , Mediastinal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Adult , Organs at Risk/radiation effects , Proton Therapy/adverse effects , Proton Therapy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods , Breast/radiation effects , Breast/diagnostic imaging , Radiotherapy Dosage , Radiation Exposure , Organ Sparing Treatments/methods , Breath Holding , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
9.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(9): 359, 2024 Aug 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39093343

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the radon concentration in groundwater in Kupwara, the northernmost district of the Kashmir valley. It further assesses the annual effective dose experienced by the district's diverse population-infants, children, and adults-attributable to both inhalation of airborne radon released from drinking water and direct ingestion. In addition to this, the calculation of gamma dose rate is also carried out at each of the sampling site of radon. A portable radon-thoron monitor and a portable gamma radiation detector were respectively employed to estimate the activity concentration of radon in water samples and to measure the gamma dose rate. The radon concentration was found to exhibit variability from a minimum of 2.9 BqL-1 to a maximum of 197.2 BqL-1, with a mean of 26.3 BqL-1 and a standard deviation of 23.3 BqL-1. From a total of 85 samples, 10.6% of the samples had radon activity concentrations exceeding the permissible limits of 40 BqL-1 set by the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiations as reported by UNSCEAR (Sources and effects of ionizing radiation, 2008) and only 1.2% of the samples have radon activity concentration exceeding the permissible limits of 100 BqL-1 set by the World Health Organization as reported by WHO (WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008). The mean of the annual effective dose due to inhalation for all age groups as well as the annual ingestion dose for infants and children, surpasses the World Health Organization's limit of 100 µSv y-1 as reported by WHO (WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2008). The observed gamma radiation dose rate in the vicinity of groundwater radon sites ranged from a minimum of 138 nSv h-1 to a maximum of 250 nSv h-1. The data indicated no significant correlation between the dose rate of gamma radiation and the radon levels in the groundwater. Radon concentration of potable water in the study area presents a non-negligible exposure pathway for residents. Therefore, the judicious application of established radon mitigation techniques is pivotal to minimize public health vulnerabilities.


Subject(s)
Groundwater , Radiation Monitoring , Radon , Water Pollutants, Radioactive , Radon/analysis , Groundwater/chemistry , India , Water Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Humans , Drinking Water/chemistry , Drinking Water/analysis , Infant , Child , Radiation Dosage , Gamma Rays , Radiation Exposure/analysis , Adult
10.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 200(15): 1425-1432, 2024 Sep 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39216992

ABSTRACT

Fluoroscopic examinations like Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) are fundamental in diagnosing and treating hepatobiliary diseases. However, these procedures expose patients to significant radiation, highlighting the need for a detailed assessment of the radiation doses received by critical organs. The study's primary objective is to determine the experimental doses received by critical organs in patients undergoing these procedures. This study utilized an Alderson RANDO phantom outfitted with Thermoluminescent Dosemeters (TLDs) to experimentally measure the radiation doses received by various organs during ERCP and PTC procedures. This method provided direct and accurate data on organ-specific radiation exposure, contrasting with the traditional approach of relying on theoretical simulations. The analysis revealed that PTC generally results in higher radiation doses to organs compared to ERCP. Critical organs, such as the thyroid, spleen, liver, pancreas, ovaries, and uterus, were exposed to varying levels of radiation, with the thyroid and spleen receiving particularly high doses in PTC. The study also demonstrated that the per-minute radiation exposure was consistently higher in PTC across all examined organs. The study's findings underscore the significant radiation exposure associated with ERCP and PTC, with PTC posing a greater risk. Understanding these exposure levels is crucial for clinical decision-making, particularly when considering patients' pre-existing conditions and sensitivity to radiation. The study highlights the need for clinicians to carefully weigh the benefits of ERCP and PTC against the potential radiological risks. It suggests a preference for ERCP in situations where radiation exposure needs to be minimized. Furthermore, the findings advocate for ongoing advancements in medical imaging techniques to reduce radiation exposure, emphasizing the importance of patient safety in fluoroscopic examinations. This research contributes significantly to informed clinical decision-making, ensuring that the selection of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures aligns with the best interest of patient health and safety.


Subject(s)
Cholangiography , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Exposure , Humans , Radiation Exposure/analysis , Cholangiography/methods , Female , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry , Fluoroscopy/methods , Organs at Risk/radiation effects , Male
11.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 200(15): 1433-1442, 2024 Sep 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39216991

ABSTRACT

For pregnant workers in nuclear medicine, radiation doses can pose a risk to their foetus. However, foetal radiation doses cannot be measured directly. In this study, a method of estimating foetal radiation doses was developed through simulations and measurements of phantoms of pregnant women in the three trimesters. The uterus and abdominal surface doses for monoenergetic photons (137Cs) and medical diagnostic X-rays were measured, and uterine dose conversion coefficients (UDCCs) were calculated. The accuracy of the UDCC estimates were validated for measurements from thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) chips and TLD badges on the abdomen or chest. The foetal effective dose could be estimated using TLD chips and TLD badges on the abdomen or chest, or through literature estimation method. The proposed method can be used to easily and accurately estimate foetal effective doses from chest-worn TLD badges, ensuring accurate estimation in the early stage of pregnancy when a worker may not yet be wearing an abdominal badge. A flowchart for applying the UDCC method to approximate a foetal dose is also provided to ensure that total doses remain below the maximum of 1 mSv recommended in the International Commission on Radiological Protection 103 guidelines.


Subject(s)
Fetus , Nuclear Medicine , Occupational Exposure , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Dosage , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry , Humans , Female , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Pregnancy , Fetus/radiation effects , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentation , Taiwan , Radiation Protection , Uterus/radiation effects , Radiation Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods
12.
Br J Radiol ; 97(1162): 1622-1626, 2024 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39102825

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The underrepresentation of women within interventional radiology (IR) is profound. This scoping review aims to evaluate the current literature on gender disparity within IR. To uncover relevant themes and research gaps to inform future research and to recommend changes aimed at increasing application and retention of women in IR. METHODS: A review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to gather all relevant literature. Thematic analysis of included literature highlighted themes and commonalities between papers. RESULTS: Of 396 articles, only 15 met the inclusion criteria. Many papers were excluded due to their lack of relevance to the topic. Thematic analysis identified 6 themes radiation exposure, mentorship, male dominance, work-life balance, research, and early exposure to IR. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations relating to each theme have been made. Establishing a high-quality mentoring scheme, for medical students, is the priority. Followed by accurate information, regarding radiation safety and teaching opportunities provided by medical schools and placement trusts, to demonstrate the value of IR and the need for a representative workforce. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: With little research based primarily within the United Kingdom, this review has amalgamated results from papers published internationally to highlight potential factors influencing the gender disparity within IR. Realistic recommendations and future points of research aimed at creating gender parity that are appropriate towards both the United Kingdom and global institutions have been suggested.


Subject(s)
Radiology, Interventional , Humans , Female , Male , Sexism , Physicians, Women/statistics & numerical data , Mentors , Work-Life Balance , Radiation Exposure
13.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg ; 144(8): 3841-3849, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39153100

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare the image quality and X-ray exposure dose from EOSedge versus standard digital radiography (SDR) focused on the hip for replacement or prosthesis revision surgery. MATERIALS & METHODS: This prospective single centre study included 97 patients between November 2022 and April 2023. For preoperative assessment, SDR radiographs from frontal pelvic and hip profile were indispensable. Often, surgeon requested spine radiograph from EOSedge, to which we added frontal pelvic and hip profile. A radiologist with 4 years' experience established a score based on European guidelines to evaluate the EOSedge versus SDR image quality. Quality scores (QS) were compared using paired Student's t test. The entrance skin dose (ESD) and dose area product (DAP) of the images were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients, including 49 women and 48 men (mean 68.10 years ± 13.28) were assessed. The QSEOSedge was significantly higher than the QSSDR, with differences of 1.34 ± 1.90 (p < 0.001) and 1.74 ± 1.90 (p < 0.001), respectively. The difference in total QS was 3.08 ± 3.48 (p < 0.001). The radiation delivered (ESD x DAP) by EOSedge was 29 times lower than that delivered by SDR for frontal pelvic imaging (0.35 ± 0.91 versus 10.20 ± 12.63; p < 0.001) and 17 times lower for hip profile imaging (0.41 ± 0.84 versus 6.91 ± 9.70; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the superior image quality of EOSedge images focused on the pelvis and hip compared to SDR, with significantly less radiation exposure.


Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Radiation Dosage , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Humans , Male , Female , Prospective Studies , Aged , Middle Aged , Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Hip Joint/surgery , Aged, 80 and over , Radiation Exposure/prevention & control
14.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1426635, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39148729

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Radiation induced lymphopenia (RIL) deteriorate survival and diminishes the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combined treatment of lung cancer. Given the inconsistent data across various studies on the predictors of RIL, we aim to methodically elucidate these predictors and formulate a practical guide for clinicians. Methods: We conducted observational cohort study in four tertiary cancer centers. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, without lymphopenia grade >1, who underwent standalone radiotherapy (RT) in minimum 15 fractions were eligible. Dose-volume parameters of structures and clinical factors were comprehensively analyzed using various predictors selection methods and statistical models (Linear Regressors, Elastic Net, Bayesian Regressors, Huber Regression, regression based on k-nearest neighbors, Gaussian Process Regressor, Decision Tree Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Automated Machine Learning) and were ranked to predict lymphocytes count nadir (alc_nadir). Results: Two hundred thirty eight patients (stage I-3.4%, II-17.6%, III-75.2%, IV-3.8%) who underwent RT to median dose of 60 Gy were analyzed. Median alc_nadir was 0.68K/mm3. The 60 feature sets were evaluated in 600 models (RMSE 0.27-0.41K/mm³). The most important features were baseline lymphocyte count (alc_1), mean lung_dose, lung v05, lung v10, heart v05 and effective dose to immune cells (edic). In patients with alc_1 ≤ 2.005K/mm3, median alc_nadir predictions were 0.54K/mm3 for lung_v05p > 51.8% and 0.76K/mm3 for lung_v05p ≤ 51.8%. Lymphopenia was rare in patients with alc_1 > 2.005K/mm3. Discussion: RIL was most severe in patients with low early lymphocyte counts, primarily triggered by low RT doses in the heart and lungs.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Lymphopenia , Humans , Lymphopenia/etiology , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Lymphocyte Count , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology , Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Lymphocytes/immunology , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Aged, 80 and over , Lung/radiation effects , Lung/immunology , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/radiotherapy , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/immunology
15.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 19345, 2024 08 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39164366

ABSTRACT

There are currently no available FDA-cleared biodosimetry tools for rapid and accurate assessment of absorbed radiation dose following a radiation/nuclear incident. Previously we developed a protein biomarker-based FAST-DOSE bioassay system for biodosimetry. The aim of this study was to integrate an ELISA platform with two high-performing FAST-DOSE biomarkers, BAX and DDB2, and to construct machine learning models that employ a multiparametric biomarker strategy for enhancing the accuracy of exposure classification and radiation dose prediction. The bioassay showed 97.92% and 96% accuracy in classifying samples in human and non-human primate (NHP) blood samples exposed ex vivo to 0-5 Gy X-rays, respectively up to 48 h after exposure, and an adequate correlation between reconstructed and actual dose in the human samples (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 0.80 Gy, and MAE = 0.63 Gy) and NHP (R2 = 0.80, RMSE = 0.78 Gy, and MAE = 0.61 Gy). Biomarker measurements in vivo from four NHPs exposed to a single 2.5 Gy total body dose showed a persistent upregulation in blood samples collected on days 2 and 5 after irradiation. The data indicates that using a combined approach of targeted proteins can increase bioassay sensitivity and provide a more accurate dose prediction.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers , DNA-Binding Proteins , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , Animals , Humans , Biomarkers/blood , DNA-Binding Proteins/blood , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/blood , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Male , Radiometry/methods , Macaca mulatta , Female , Machine Learning , Radiation Dosage
16.
PLoS One ; 19(8): e0308479, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39106296

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Radiation exposure in medical settings stands as the primary source of artificial radiation, compounded by the yearly rise in healthcare worker numbers. Ensuring radiation protection is crucial for safeguarding their occupational health. Nevertheless, existing studies on radiation protection behavior exhibit considerable heterogeneity due to various factors. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to explore the current status of research on radiation protection behavior and identify research gaps, intending to guide future research directions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The scoping review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A systematic search will be conducted across English databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline, as well as Chinese databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and China Biomedical Literature Database. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies based on predefined eligibility criteria and extract the data. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion by a third reviewer. The review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY: A stakeholder consultation will provide an opportunity to validate the findings and address any potential gaps in the article. In this scoping review, all types of studies will be considered. The effectiveness of the methodological quality of the included studies will not be reported, which may lead to some studies of poor quality being included. Only studies published in English or Chinese after 2010 will be considered in this review, potentially leading to the omission of relevant papers.


Subject(s)
Health Personnel , Radiation Protection , Humans , Radiation Protection/methods , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Radiation Exposure/prevention & control
17.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis ; 33(9): 107908, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39094717

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to evaluate the impact of surface ultraviolet radiation intensity on hospital admissions for stroke and to compare the correlation and differences among different subtypes of strokes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected daily data on surface ultraviolet radiation intensity, temperature, air pollution, and hospital admissions for stroke in Harbin from 2015 to 2022. Using a distributed lag non-linear model, we determined the correlation between daily surface ultraviolet radiation intensity and the stroke admission rate. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and attributable fractions (AF) with 95% CI were calculated based on stroke subtypes, gender, and age groups. RESULTS: A total of 132,952 hospitalized stroke cases (including hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes) were included in the study. We assessed the non-linear effects of ultraviolet intensity on hospitalized patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Compared to the maximum morbidity benchmark ultraviolet intensity (19.2 × 10^5 for ischemic stroke and 20.25 for hemorrhagic stroke), over the 0-10 day lag period, the RR for extreme low radiation (1st percentile) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.96), and the RR for extreme high radiation (99th percentile) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.96). In summary, -4.842% (95% CI: -7.721%, -2.167%) and -1.668% (95% CI: -3.061%, -0.33%) of ischemic strokes were attributed to extreme low radiation intensity with a lag of 0 to 10 days and extreme high radiation intensity with a lag of 0 to 5 days, respectively. The reduction in stroke hospitalization rates due to low or high ultraviolet intensity was more pronounced in females and younger individuals compared to males and older individuals. None of the mentioned ultraviolet intensity intensities and lag days had a statistically significant impact on hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Our study fundamentally suggests that both lower and higher levels of surface ultraviolet radiation intensity in Harbin, China, contribute to a reduced incidence of ischemic stroke, with this effect lasting approximately 10 days. This finding holds significant potential for public health and clinical relevance.


Subject(s)
Databases, Factual , Hemorrhagic Stroke , Ischemic Stroke , Nonlinear Dynamics , Patient Admission , Ultraviolet Rays , Humans , China/epidemiology , Male , Female , Aged , Hemorrhagic Stroke/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Stroke/diagnosis , Hemorrhagic Stroke/etiology , Middle Aged , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Ischemic Stroke/epidemiology , Ischemic Stroke/diagnosis , Ischemic Stroke/etiology , Time Factors , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Aged, 80 and over , Adult , Young Adult , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Adolescent , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects
18.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 200(11-12): 983-988, 2024 Jul 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39016472

ABSTRACT

The present study attempts to obtain an a priori estimate of the absorbed dose received by an individual engaged in the reconnaissance survey in Uranium exploration using a predictive mathematical regression analysis. Other radiation safety parameters such as excess lifetime cancer risk are also calculated. Study reflects that the proper handling of naturally occurring radioactive materials accounts for an absorbed dose significantly less than the prescribed limit.


Subject(s)
Occupational Exposure , Radiation Monitoring , Uranium , Uranium/analysis , Humans , India , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Protection/methods , Risk Assessment/methods , Radiation Exposure/analysis , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/prevention & control , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology
19.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 200(11-12): 1084-1089, 2024 Jul 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39016501

ABSTRACT

Uranium occurs naturally in groundwater and surface water. Being a radioactive element, high uranium concentration can cause impact on human health. The health effects associated with consumption of uranium through water includes increased cancer risk and kidney toxicity. In view of this, an attempt was made in the present study to establish the level of radiological and chemical toxicity of uranium. Radiological toxicity was evaluated in terms of lifetime cancer risk and chemical toxicity through hazard quotient. For the said purpose, groundwater samples from the selected villages of the surrounding region of the Manchanabele reservoir, southwest of Bengaluru, were collected. The collected groundwater samples were analysed for Uranium mass concentration using Light emitting diode (LED) fluorimeter and is found to range from 0.88 to 581.47 ppb with a GM of 20.82 ppb. The result reveals that ~ 66% of the samples show concentration of uranium within the safe limit of 30 ppb as set by the World Health Organisation. The radiological risk estimated in terms of lifetime cancer risk is in the range of 0.0028 × 10-3 to 1.85 × 10-3 with a GM of 0.066 × 10-3. The chemical toxicity risk measured as lifetime annual daily dose is found to range from 0.03 to 21.65 µg per kg per d with a GM of 0.77 µg per kg per d.


Subject(s)
Groundwater , Radiation Monitoring , Uranium , Water Pollutants, Radioactive , Uranium/analysis , Groundwater/analysis , India , Humans , Water Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Risk Assessment , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Exposure/analysis
20.
Life Sci Space Res (Amst) ; 42: 133-139, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39067984

ABSTRACT

Astronauts participating in lunar landing missions will encounter exposure to albedo particles emitted from the lunar surface as well as primary high-energy particles in the spectra of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar particle events (SPEs). While existing studies have examined particle energy spectra and absorbed doses in limited radiation exposure scenarios on and near the Moon, comprehensive research encompassing various shielding amounts and large SPEs on the lunar surface remains lacking. Additionally, detailed organ dose equivalents of albedo particles in a human model on the lunar surface have yet to be investigated. This work assesses the organ dose equivalents of albedo neutrons and albedo protons during historically large SPEs in August 1972 and September 1989 utilizing realistic computational anthropomorphic human phantom for the first time. Dosimetric quantities within human organs have been evaluated based on the PHITS Monte Carlo simulation results and quality factors of the state-of-the-art NASA Space Cancer Risk (NSCR) model, as well as ICRP publications. The results with the NSCR model indicate that the albedo contribution to organ dose equivalent is less than 3 % for 1 g/cm2 aluminum shielding, while it increases to more than 30 % in some organs for 50 g/cm2 aluminum shielding during exposure to low-energy-proton-rich SPEs.


Subject(s)
Cosmic Radiation , Monte Carlo Method , Moon , Neutrons , Protons , Radiation Dosage , Space Flight , Humans , Cosmic Radiation/adverse effects , Neutrons/adverse effects , Protons/adverse effects , Astronauts , Solar Activity , Radiation Protection/methods , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Exposure/analysis
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