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1.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 45: e54981, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1396820

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to develop and evaluate an automated cooling control system (ATCE) for sows in the farrowing phase. The experiment was conducted at the Swine Production Unit, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Machado, Machado, state of Minas Gerais. Sixteen sows and their offspring were evaluated, eight treated and eight controls, in a randomized block design, with eight replications. Surface temperature, body temperature and respiratory rate of the animals were evaluated, in addition to floor temperature and performance parameters. The use of ATCE decreased the floor temperature (12h) and neck temperature (12 and 16h) (p < 0.10). In addition, there was a reduction in rectal temperature (12h) and respiratory rate (12 and 16h) in ATCE animals (p < 0.10). No significant differences were detected in the coefficient of variation (CV) of birth weight, but at weaning the CV of piglet weight was 26.3% lower in animals subjected to the ATCE (p = 0.079). Furthermore, the difference in CV between birth and weaning was also lower with the use of ATCE (p = 0.015). It can be concluded that the use of ATCE has a positive influence on the thermal comfort of females, in addition to improving litter uniformity.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Swine/physiology , Body Temperature Regulation , Animal Welfare , Equipment and Supplies Utilization , Refrigeration/veterinary , Lactation/physiology
2.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 78: e1492, May 14, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-33504

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the reactivity, as well as the efficacy of stunning in cattle before and after staff training at the slaughterhouse. For reactivity evaluation, vocalization, slips, falls, use of shockers and presence of lying animal were observed for handling in the corridor, bathing station and at the end of raceway in front of the stunning box. For stunning evaluation, shots applied to each animal to complete stunning and the distance between the shot site and the correct position for stunning were measured. Through mapping the main deficiencies and failures in each handling region, a training was elaborated focused on adoption of correct handling practices. After the informational lecture, data was collected again using the same procedures and in the same handling regions. After training, the quantification of all handling variables was considerably lower in the three regions of the pre-slaughter course, and there was a significant reduction in the bathing station and at the end of raceway in front of the stunning box (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant increase in stunning performed at the correct shooting position and within 2 cm of the target (P<0.001), as well as reduction of shots applied outside of 3 cm (P<0.001). The number of shots required for complete stunning also decreased (P<0.05). Staff training was extremely efficient in reducing harmful variables to animal welfare and in increasing good practices in pre-slaughter handling.(AU)


O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a reatividade e aferir a eficiência de insensibilização em bovinos antes e após o treinamento de funcionários em abatedouro frigorífico. Foi observado o manejo no corredor, chuveiro e brete, sendo analisado: vocalização, escorregão, queda, uso de choque e presença de animal deitado. Foram quantificados os disparos necessários para que houvesse o atordoamento de cada animal e mensuração da distância compreendida entre o ponto do disparo efetuado e o local ideal para insensibilização. Através do mapeamento das principais deficiências e falhas de manejo em cada região, foi elaborada uma palestra com foco na adoção de manejos e práticas ideais no pré-abate. Após a palestra informativa, efetuou-se novamente a coleta de dados. Após o treinamento a quantificação de todas as variáveis de manejo foi consideravelmente inferior nas três regiões do percurso pré-abate, e houve redução nas regiões chuveiro e brete (P<0,05). Além disso, houve aumento na insensibilização efetuada no ponto ideal à até 2 cm da mesma (P<0,001), bem como redução de disparos efetuados acima de 3 cm de distância (P<0,001). A quantidade de disparos necessários para completo atordoamento também apresentou redução (P<0,005). O treinamento aos funcionários foi extremamente eficiente na redução de variáveis prejudicais ao bem-estar animal e no incremento de boas práticas no manejo pré-abate.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Good Manufacturing Practices , Animal Welfare , Animal Culling/methods , Brain Concussion/veterinary , Refrigeration/veterinary
3.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 78: e1492, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467022

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the reactivity, as well as the efficacy of stunning in cattle before and after staff training at the slaughterhouse. For reactivity evaluation, vocalization, slips, falls, use of shockers and presence of lying animal were observed for handling in the corridor, bathing station and at the end of raceway in front of the stunning box. For stunning evaluation, shots applied to each animal to complete stunning and the distance between the shot site and the correct position for stunning were measured. Through mapping the main deficiencies and failures in each handling region, a training was elaborated focused on adoption of correct handling practices. After the informational lecture, data was collected again using the same procedures and in the same handling regions. After training, the quantification of all handling variables was considerably lower in the three regions of the pre-slaughter course, and there was a significant reduction in the bathing station and at the end of raceway in front of the stunning box (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant increase in stunning performed at the correct shooting position and within 2 cm of the target (P<0.001), as well as reduction of shots applied outside of 3 cm (P<0.001). The number of shots required for complete stunning also decreased (P<0.05). Staff training was extremely efficient in reducing harmful variables to animal welfare and in increasing good practices in pre-slaughter handling.


O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a reatividade e aferir a eficiência de insensibilização em bovinos antes e após o treinamento de funcionários em abatedouro frigorífico. Foi observado o manejo no corredor, chuveiro e brete, sendo analisado: vocalização, escorregão, queda, uso de choque e presença de animal deitado. Foram quantificados os disparos necessários para que houvesse o atordoamento de cada animal e mensuração da distância compreendida entre o ponto do disparo efetuado e o local ideal para insensibilização. Através do mapeamento das principais deficiências e falhas de manejo em cada região, foi elaborada uma palestra com foco na adoção de manejos e práticas ideais no pré-abate. Após a palestra informativa, efetuou-se novamente a coleta de dados. Após o treinamento a quantificação de todas as variáveis de manejo foi consideravelmente inferior nas três regiões do percurso pré-abate, e houve redução nas regiões chuveiro e brete (P<0,05). Além disso, houve aumento na insensibilização efetuada no ponto ideal à até 2 cm da mesma (P<0,001), bem como redução de disparos efetuados acima de 3 cm de distância (P<0,001). A quantidade de disparos necessários para completo atordoamento também apresentou redução (P<0,005). O treinamento aos funcionários foi extremamente eficiente na redução de variáveis prejudicais ao bem-estar animal e no incremento de boas práticas no manejo pré-abate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Animal Culling/methods , Animal Welfare , Good Manufacturing Practices , Brain Concussion/veterinary , Refrigeration/veterinary
4.
Poult Sci ; 99(12): 7207-7213, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33248638

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a pectin biofilm on the preservation of refrigerated and unrefrigerated eggs during 5 wk of storage based on egg weight loss, albumen height, Haugh unit (HU), and the yolk index (YI). A total of 1,200 nonfertile eggs from GLK Bankiva laying hens (40 wk of age), which were freshly laid and came from a single collection, were obtained from a model poultry rearing system (Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil) that meets all animal welfare criteria. The experimental outline was entirely randomized, with 20 treatments in a factorial scheme of 2 × 2 × 5, with 2 biofilm treatments (with and without) × 2 storage temperatures (refrigeration: 5°C and ambient: 25°C) × 5 storage periods (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d), with 12 repetitions per treatment. Starting from the third storage week, increased weight loss (%) was observed in noncoated eggs (4.46 ± 1.06; 5.61 ± 1.37; 6.93 ± 1.66%) compared with biofilm-coated eggs (3.57 ± 1.26; 4.74 ± 1.8; 6.05 ± 2.21%), respectively. The HU variation in the pectin-coated eggs (86.84-78.02) was smaller than that in the noncoated eggs (83.01-64.36) between the beginning (7 d) and the end (35 d) of the experimental period. Eggs with and without biofilm stored in the refrigerator presented average HU values of 91.26 ± 6.27 and 88.35 ± 6.96, respectively. In contrast, when kept at room temperature, eggs with the coating presented higher HU values (71.27 ± 10.78) than eggs without the coating (59.11 ± 15.97). Coated eggs (0.37 ± 0.16) showed higher YI values than noncoated eggs (0.35 ± 0.16). A pectin-based biofilm effectively maintained egg quality during the 35 d of storage.


Subject(s)
Chickens , Eggs , Food Preservation , Animals , Biofilms , Brazil , Eggs/analysis , Eggs/standards , Female , Food Preservation/methods , Food Preservation/standards , Pectins/chemistry , Refrigeration/veterinary
5.
Vet. Zoot. ; 27: 1-15, 4 nov. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-33208

ABSTRACT

O modelo de produção mais utilizado na avicultura brasileira é o sistema de integração entre produtores e frigoríficos, o que permite a análise completa da cadeia produtiva e o estudo sistematizado da correlação entre estrutura, manejo e ambiente proporcionado às aves. Diante deste cenário, objetivou-se identificar os principais pontos vulneráveis da cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte relacionados à ambiência e ao manejo, caracterizando o nível de atendimento das normas de bem-estar animal (BEA) em estabelecimentos de criação e abate de aves, localizados no Sudoeste Goiano. Desta forma, procedeu-se à verificação de recomendações norteadas pelas diretrizes da Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) e da Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) em vinte granjas e três frigoríficos distribuídos pela região amostrada. Os dados foram analisados pelo método descritivo. Como resultado, foram observadas falhas técnicas, de manejo e estruturais nas etapas pré-abate, bem como nos procedimentos industriais nos estabelecimentos avaliados, além da total ausência de enriquecimento ambiental.(AU)


The production model most used in Brazilian poultry is the system of integration between farmers and slaughterhouses, which allows a complete analysis of the production system and a systematic study of the correlation between structure, management and the environment provided to the chickens. In view of this scenario, the objective was to identify the main vulnerable points in the broiler productive process associated to environment and handling, characterizing the level of compliance with animal welfare (WPA) standards in poultry breeding and slaughter establishments, located in the Southwest of Goiás. Thus, we proceeded to verify recommendations guided by the guidelines of the Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) and of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in twenty farms and three slaughterhouses distributed throughout the sampled region. The data were analyzed using the descriptive method. As a result, technical, management and structural failures were observed in the pre-slaughter stages, as well as in industrial procedures in the evaluated establishments, in addition to the total absence of environmental enrichment.(AU)


El modelo de producción más utilizado en la avicultura brasileñas es el sistema de integración entre productores y mataderos, que permite un análisis completo de la cadena de producción y un estudio sistemático de la correlación entre la estructura, el manejo y el ambiente proporcionado a las aves. Ante este escenario, el objetivo era identificar los principales puntos vulnerables en la cadena de producción de pollos de engorde relacionados con el ambiente y la gestión, caracterizando el nivel de cumplimiento de las normas de bienestar animal (BEA) en los establecimientos de cría y sacrificio de aves de engorde, ubicado en el suroeste de Goiás. Por lo tanto, procedimos a verificar las recomendaciones guiadas por las pautas de Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) y la Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) en veinte granjas y tres mataderos distribuidos en toda la región muestreada. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el método descriptivo. Como resultado, se observaron fallas técnicas, de gestión y estructurales en las etapas previas al sacrificio, así como en los procedimientos industriales en los establecimientos evaluados, además de la ausencia total de enriquecimiento ambiental.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Refrigeration/veterinary , Animal Welfare/standards , Poultry , Behavior, Animal , Brazil , Abattoirs/standards
6.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis ; 73: 101495, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32889429

ABSTRACT

Rabies and herpetic encephalitis are the main viral infections in bovines with neurological symptoms. Bovine rabies has a high prevalence in Central and South America, while bovine encephalitis associated with herpesvirus is especially important in South America. Viral isolation is the classical way to confirm herpesvirus infection, but molecular evidence of the presence of the virus in affected animals is gaining importance in the diagnosis of the disease in the laboratory. This study investigated the presence of herpesvirus type 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) in 182 encephalon of rabies-suspected cattle in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR). The rabies virus was investigated by direct fluorescent antibody assay and intracerebral suckling mouse inoculation. The genomes of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were detected in 17% of samples. BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 were detected in 100% and 19% of BoHV positive samples, respectively, indicating the circulation of the pathogens in cattle herds in RS. The high Ct values and the absence of isolation suggest viral latency. Coinfection of herpesvirus and the rabies virus was detected in 28% of samples, although no significant association between pathogens was observed. Rabies was detected in 57.7% of suspected samples, confirming the importance of the disease in the state. Concerning the method by which samples were conserved, no significant difference was observed between the number of positive results in frozen and refrigerated samples.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/virology , Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics , Herpesvirus 5, Bovine/genetics , Rabies/veterinary , Animals , Brain/virology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cryopreservation/veterinary , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology , Herpesviridae Infections/virology , Mice , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Rabies/epidemiology , Refrigeration/veterinary
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1571-1575, July-Aug. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131505

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização genética de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes a meticilina isolados de suínos. Foram coletadas 30 amostras de swab nasal de suínos, abatidos em um frigorífico com Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Os isolados foram submetidos a análises macro e microscópicas que, em seguida, para detectar a resistência bacteriana, foram submetidos a ensaios fenotípicos da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Posteriormente, as amostras resistentes a oxacilina, foram submetidas à reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para verificar a presença do gene mecA. Das 30 amostras analisadas, foram isolados 12 (40%) Staphylococcus spp. coagulase positiva, e 18 (60%) coagulase negativa, e, dentre os isolados, 26 (86,66%) foram resistentes a oxacilina sendo possível detectar o gene mecA em seis (23%) amostras. Este estudo evidencia a presença de genes de resistência em microrganismos comuns a microbiota de animais de produção que podem ser transmitidos ao homem. Além de chamar a atenção para a frequência e quantidade de antimicrobianos aos quais estes animais são expostos durante toda sua vida, podendo ser considerado um problema para a saúde única.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine/microbiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Nasal Cavity/microbiology , Refrigeration/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Preliminary Data
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1571-1575, July-Aug. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-30194

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização genética de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes a meticilina isolados de suínos. Foram coletadas 30 amostras de swab nasal de suínos, abatidos em um frigorífico com Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Os isolados foram submetidos a análises macro e microscópicas que, em seguida, para detectar a resistência bacteriana, foram submetidos a ensaios fenotípicos da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Posteriormente, as amostras resistentes a oxacilina, foram submetidas à reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para verificar a presença do gene mecA. Das 30 amostras analisadas, foram isolados 12 (40%) Staphylococcus spp. coagulase positiva, e 18 (60%) coagulase negativa, e, dentre os isolados, 26 (86,66%) foram resistentes a oxacilina sendo possível detectar o gene mecA em seis (23%) amostras. Este estudo evidencia a presença de genes de resistência em microrganismos comuns a microbiota de animais de produção que podem ser transmitidos ao homem. Além de chamar a atenção para a frequência e quantidade de antimicrobianos aos quais estes animais são expostos durante toda sua vida, podendo ser considerado um problema para a saúde única.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine/microbiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Nasal Cavity/microbiology , Refrigeration/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Preliminary Data
9.
Vet. zootec ; 27: 1-15, 2 mar. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1503604

ABSTRACT

O modelo de produção mais utilizado na avicultura brasileira é o sistema de integração entre produtores e frigoríficos, o que permite a análise completa da cadeia produtiva e o estudo sistematizado da correlação entre estrutura, manejo e ambiente proporcionado às aves. Diante deste cenário, objetivou-se identificar os principais pontos vulneráveis da cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte relacionados à ambiência e ao manejo, caracterizando o nível de atendimento das normas de bem-estar animal (BEA) em estabelecimentos de criação e abate de aves, localizados no Sudoeste Goiano. Desta forma, procedeu-se à verificação de recomendações norteadas pelas diretrizes da Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) e da Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) em vinte granjas e três frigoríficos distribuídos pela região amostrada. Os dados foram analisados pelo método descritivo. Como resultado, foram observadas falhas técnicas, de manejo e estruturais nas etapas pré-abate, bem como nos procedimentos industriais nos estabelecimentos avaliados, além da total ausência de enriquecimento ambiental.


The production model most used in Brazilian poultry is the system of integration between farmers and slaughterhouses, which allows a complete analysis of the production system and a systematic study of the correlation between structure, management and the environment provided to the chickens. In view of this scenario, the objective was to identify the main vulnerable points in the broiler productive process associated to environment and handling, characterizing the level of compliance with animal welfare (WPA) standards in poultry breeding and slaughter establishments, located in the Southwest of Goiás. Thus, we proceeded to verify recommendations guided by the guidelines of the Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) and of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in twenty farms and three slaughterhouses distributed throughout the sampled region. The data were analyzed using the descriptive method. As a result, technical, management and structural failures were observed in the pre-slaughter stages, as well as in industrial procedures in the evaluated establishments, in addition to the total absence of environmental enrichment.


El modelo de producción más utilizado en la avicultura brasileñas es el sistema de integración entre productores y mataderos, que permite un análisis completo de la cadena de producción y un estudio sistemático de la correlación entre la estructura, el manejo y el ambiente proporcionado a las aves. Ante este escenario, el objetivo era identificar los principales puntos vulnerables en la cadena de producción de pollos de engorde relacionados con el ambiente y la gestión, caracterizando el nivel de cumplimiento de las normas de bienestar animal (BEA) en los establecimientos de cría y sacrificio de aves de engorde, ubicado en el suroeste de Goiás. Por lo tanto, procedimos a verificar las recomendaciones guiadas por las pautas de Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) y la Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) en veinte granjas y tres mataderos distribuidos en toda la región muestreada. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el método descriptivo. Como resultado, se observaron fallas técnicas, de gestión y estructurales en las etapas previas al sacrificio, así como en los procedimientos industriales en los establecimientos evaluados, además de la ausencia total de enriquecimiento ambiental.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry , Animal Welfare/standards , Behavior, Animal , Refrigeration/veterinary , Brazil , Abattoirs/standards
10.
Ars vet ; 36(4): 218-229, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1463554

ABSTRACT

A carne de aves e seus derivados estão entre os principais alimentos incriminados nos surtos de doenças veiculadas por alimentos (DVA) devido ao risco de veiculação de Salmonella spp. O controle é complexo porque existem inúmeras vias pelas quais essa bactéria pode contaminar a carne de aves e derivados, com várias possibilidades ao longo da cadeia produtiva. Falhas nas condições de manejo durante a criação de frangos de corte e nos procedimentos higiênicosanitários durante as operações de abate e manipulação das carcaças influenciam na contaminação por esse microrganismo nas indústrias. Abatedouros frigoríficos de aves são altamente automatizados e, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, a carne de frango ainda é passível de contaminação, uma vez que lotes negativos podem se tornar positivos para Salmonella spp. devido a contaminação cruzada provocada por lotes infectados abatidos no mesmo dia ou devido à utilização de equipamentos e utensílios compartilhados. O extravasamento de conteúdo gastrointestinal durante a evisceração é a principal fonte de contaminação das carcaças por Salmonella spp. nos abatedouros. Na presente revisão, foram abordados aspectos gerais sobre o gênero Salmonella spp., com ênfase nas etapas do processamento de aves que propiciam contaminação de carcaças e nas respectivas estratégias que visam à mitigação do risco de veiculação desse microrganismo, considerando também a legislação pertinente.


Poultry meat and its derivatives are the main food involved in foodborne outbreaks due to the risk of transmitting Salmonella spp. The control is complex because there are several routes in which this bacterium can contaminate poultry meat, with several possibilities along the production chain. Failures in handling conditions during the rearing of broilers and in hygienic-sanitary procedures during slaughter steps and handling of carcasses in industries influence the contamination by this microorganism. Poultry slaughterhouses are highly automated and, despite technological advances, poultry meat is still susceptible to contamination mainly due the fact that negative animals can become contaminated with Salmonella spp. due cross contamination with infected animals when slaughtered at the same day or due the use of contaminated equipment and utensils. The extravasation of gastrointestinal content during evisceration is the main source of contamination of carcasses with Salmonella spp. in poultry slaughterhouses. In this review, general aspects about the genus Salmonella spp. were addressed, with emphasis on the stages of poultry processing that allow contamination of carcasses and the respective strategies used to mitigate the risk of transmitting this microorganism considering the relevant legislation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry , Salmonella Food Poisoning , Abattoirs , Refrigeration/veterinary
11.
Ars Vet. ; 36(4): 218-229, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29929

ABSTRACT

A carne de aves e seus derivados estão entre os principais alimentos incriminados nos surtos de doenças veiculadas por alimentos (DVA) devido ao risco de veiculação de Salmonella spp. O controle é complexo porque existem inúmeras vias pelas quais essa bactéria pode contaminar a carne de aves e derivados, com várias possibilidades ao longo da cadeia produtiva. Falhas nas condições de manejo durante a criação de frangos de corte e nos procedimentos higiênicosanitários durante as operações de abate e manipulação das carcaças influenciam na contaminação por esse microrganismo nas indústrias. Abatedouros frigoríficos de aves são altamente automatizados e, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos, a carne de frango ainda é passível de contaminação, uma vez que lotes negativos podem se tornar positivos para Salmonella spp. devido a contaminação cruzada provocada por lotes infectados abatidos no mesmo dia ou devido à utilização de equipamentos e utensílios compartilhados. O extravasamento de conteúdo gastrointestinal durante a evisceração é a principal fonte de contaminação das carcaças por Salmonella spp. nos abatedouros. Na presente revisão, foram abordados aspectos gerais sobre o gênero Salmonella spp., com ênfase nas etapas do processamento de aves que propiciam contaminação de carcaças e nas respectivas estratégias que visam à mitigação do risco de veiculação desse microrganismo, considerando também a legislação pertinente.(AU)


Poultry meat and its derivatives are the main food involved in foodborne outbreaks due to the risk of transmitting Salmonella spp. The control is complex because there are several routes in which this bacterium can contaminate poultry meat, with several possibilities along the production chain. Failures in handling conditions during the rearing of broilers and in hygienic-sanitary procedures during slaughter steps and handling of carcasses in industries influence the contamination by this microorganism. Poultry slaughterhouses are highly automated and, despite technological advances, poultry meat is still susceptible to contamination mainly due the fact that negative animals can become contaminated with Salmonella spp. due cross contamination with infected animals when slaughtered at the same day or due the use of contaminated equipment and utensils. The extravasation of gastrointestinal content during evisceration is the main source of contamination of carcasses with Salmonella spp. in poultry slaughterhouses. In this review, general aspects about the genus Salmonella spp. were addressed, with emphasis on the stages of poultry processing that allow contamination of carcasses and the respective strategies used to mitigate the risk of transmitting this microorganism considering the relevant legislation.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Salmonella Food Poisoning , Poultry , Abattoirs , Refrigeration/veterinary
12.
Hig. Aliment. (Online) ; 33(288/289): 2987-2991, abr.-maio 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1482499

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi mensurar as principais causas de condenações viscerais e seus prejuízos econômicos em um matadouro frigorífico localizado na cidade de Corumbá - MS. Foi realizada a quantificação do número de cabeças e órgãos condenados, identificação das principais lesões e estimativa dos prejuízos econômicos causados pelas mesmas. Foram abatidos 21.097 animais, dos quais 13.215 vísceras foram condenadas. Os órgãos com maiores índices de condenações foram os pulmões (47,73%), seguido dos rins (30,2%) e fígados (12,24%). As lesões de maior incidência de condenações foram enfisema pulmonar (27,63%), nefrite (17,43) e aspiração ruminal (13,43%). As condenações levaram a um prejuízo de R$ 73.484,19 em um ano. O fígado foi o órgão responsável por mais da metade das perdas econômicas (56,59%).


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Emphysema , Wounds and Injuries , Abattoirs , Nephritis , Pneumonia, Aspiration , Refrigeration/veterinary , Viscera , Sanitary Inspection
13.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 3220-3223, abr.-maio 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1366658

ABSTRACT

O resfriamento das carcaças é essencial para garantir a conservação do produto. Objetivouse com este estudo determinar a queda de temperatura de carcaças bovinas alocadas em câmara de resfriamento utilizando o sistema confeccionado para gás Freon 404A. Foram realizadas avaliações quantitativas de trinta carcaças de machos e fêmeas, com idade entre 20 e 42 meses. As temperaturas das carcaças foram mensuradas as 0h, 5h, 10h e 24 horas de armazenamento. As carcaças pesadas e leves diferiram (P<0,05) para peso de carcaça quente (296,85kg e 193,9kg), peso de carcaça fria (290,00kg e 190,80kg) e perdas de líquidos (2,10% e 1,30%), respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) para o acabamento. A média da temperatura das carcaças ficaram acima do limiar de expedição de carcaças determinada pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal.


Subject(s)
Refrigeration/methods , Refrigeration/veterinary , Chlorofluorocarbons , Cooled Foods , Meat , Temperature , Cattle , Food Preservation/methods , Hydrocarbons
14.
Hig. aliment ; 33(288/289): 2987-2991, abr.-maio 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-26729

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi mensurar as principais causas de condenações viscerais e seus prejuízos econômicos em um matadouro frigorífico localizado na cidade de Corumbá - MS. Foi realizada a quantificação do número de cabeças e órgãos condenados, identificação das principais lesões e estimativa dos prejuízos econômicos causados pelas mesmas. Foram abatidos 21.097 animais, dos quais 13.215 vísceras foram condenadas. Os órgãos com maiores índices de condenações foram os pulmões (47,73%), seguido dos rins (30,2%) e fígados (12,24%). As lesões de maior incidência de condenações foram enfisema pulmonar (27,63%), nefrite (17,43) e aspiração ruminal (13,43%). As condenações levaram a um prejuízo de R$ 73.484,19 em um ano. O fígado foi o órgão responsável por mais da metade das perdas econômicas (56,59%).(AU)


Subject(s)
Abattoirs , Refrigeration/veterinary , Viscera , Wounds and Injuries , Pulmonary Emphysema , Nephritis , Pneumonia, Aspiration , Sanitary Inspection
15.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 47: Pub. 1654, Apr. 22, 2019. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-19104

ABSTRACT

Background: The genus Salmonella, associated with poultry products, is considered the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks in humans in many countries. In Brazil, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is the serovar remains as one most frequentlyisolated from humans, and it is also a major serovar found in animals, food, animal feed, and environmental samples, despiteall the efforts to control this pathogen. Also, the bacterium is able to form biofilms on different surfaces, protecting cellsfrom both cleaning and sanitizing procedures in the food industries. This study aimed to verify the ability of SalmonellaEnteritidis isolates to form biofilm on polystyrene at different incubation temperatures.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 171 SE samples were isolated from foodborne outbreaks (foods and stool cultures) and poultry products between 2003 and 2010. The biofilm-forming ability of samples was measured at four differenttemperatures (3°C, 9ºC, 25ºC, and 36ºC), for 24 h, simulating temperatures usually found in poultry slaughterhouses. Later,200 μL of each bacterial suspension was inoculated, in triplicate, onto 96-well, flat-bottomed sterile polystyrene microtiterplates, washed, after that, the biofilm was fixed with methanol. The plates were dried at ambient temperature, stained with2% Huckers crystal violet. Afterwards, absorbance was read using an ELISA plate reader and the optical density (OD)of each isolate was obtained by the arithmetic mean of the absorbance of three wells and this value was compared withthe mean absorbance of negative controls (ODnc). The following classification was used for the determination of biofilmformation: no biofilm production, weak biofilm production, moderate biofilm production and strong biofilm production.Results demonstrated all isolates from stool cultures and foods involved in foodborne outbreaks, at least one of the fourtemperatures tested, were able to form biofilm...(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Salmonella enteritidis , Biofilms , Biofouling/prevention & control , Refrigeration/veterinary , Poultry Products/microbiology , Poultry/microbiology , Infectious Disease Incubation Period
16.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 47: Pub.1654-2019. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1458052

ABSTRACT

Background: The genus Salmonella, associated with poultry products, is considered the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks in humans in many countries. In Brazil, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is the serovar remains as one most frequentlyisolated from humans, and it is also a major serovar found in animals, food, animal feed, and environmental samples, despiteall the efforts to control this pathogen. Also, the bacterium is able to form biofilms on different surfaces, protecting cellsfrom both cleaning and sanitizing procedures in the food industries. This study aimed to verify the ability of SalmonellaEnteritidis isolates to form biofilm on polystyrene at different incubation temperatures.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 171 SE samples were isolated from foodborne outbreaks (foods and stool cultures) and poultry products between 2003 and 2010. The biofilm-forming ability of samples was measured at four differenttemperatures (3°C, 9ºC, 25ºC, and 36ºC), for 24 h, simulating temperatures usually found in poultry slaughterhouses. Later,200 μL of each bacterial suspension was inoculated, in triplicate, onto 96-well, flat-bottomed sterile polystyrene microtiterplates, washed, after that, the biofilm was fixed with methanol. The plates were dried at ambient temperature, stained with2% Hucker’s crystal violet. Afterwards, absorbance was read using an ELISA plate reader and the optical density (OD)of each isolate was obtained by the arithmetic mean of the absorbance of three wells and this value was compared withthe mean absorbance of negative controls (ODnc). The following classification was used for the determination of biofilmformation: no biofilm production, weak biofilm production, moderate biofilm production and strong biofilm production.Results demonstrated all isolates from stool cultures and foods involved in foodborne outbreaks, at least one of the fourtemperatures tested, were able to form biofilm...


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/microbiology , Biofilms , Biofouling/prevention & control , Poultry Products/microbiology , Refrigeration/veterinary , Salmonella enteritidis , Infectious Disease Incubation Period
17.
Rev. bras. ciênc. avic ; 20(3): 547-554, July-Sept. 2018. tab, map, graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1490532

ABSTRACT

We aimed to study the potential use of carcass condemnation data of broiler chicken slaughterhouses in Brazil as indicators in an animal welfare monitoring program, and to identify points to be addressed to increase data reliability. Data from 2010 to 2015 in the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) were used. Fractures and bruising were recorded together, representing the most prevalent welfare problem, followed by skin lesion or inflammation. In PR, progressive increases on injury, arthritis, ineffective bleeding, and air sacculitis condemnation may reveal important welfare aspects. High correlation between AWI within PR was more commonly observed than in RS and SC, perhaps as a result of earlier implementation of local meat inspection standardization. Principal component analysis showed changes on condemnation data pattern in PR after standardization, pointing injury and Escherichia coli problems as the main causes for condemnation related to animal welfare. There is considerable potential to improve animal health and welfare surveillance using meat inspection structure that is already in place for food safety purposes, provided that the competent authority harmonizes the procedure of meat inspection among the States, sets specific animal welfare outcomes to be monitored, and integrates condemnation, transport and flock data. It seems crucial to update data collection to establish a routine that allows risk analysis regarding both food safety and animal welfare. In this regard, cooperative work between Federal Inspection and companies seems an interesting approach to promote transparency of the production processes, which would benefit society and animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Welfare , Meat/analysis , Wounds and Injuries/veterinary , Food Inspection/methods , Risk Assessment , Refrigeration/veterinary , Brazil , Escherichia coli , Chickens
18.
R. bras. Ci. avíc. ; 20(3): 547-554, July-Sept. 2018. tab, mapas, graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-738610

ABSTRACT

We aimed to study the potential use of carcass condemnation data of broiler chicken slaughterhouses in Brazil as indicators in an animal welfare monitoring program, and to identify points to be addressed to increase data reliability. Data from 2010 to 2015 in the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) were used. Fractures and bruising were recorded together, representing the most prevalent welfare problem, followed by skin lesion or inflammation. In PR, progressive increases on injury, arthritis, ineffective bleeding, and air sacculitis condemnation may reveal important welfare aspects. High correlation between AWI within PR was more commonly observed than in RS and SC, perhaps as a result of earlier implementation of local meat inspection standardization. Principal component analysis showed changes on condemnation data pattern in PR after standardization, pointing injury and Escherichia coli problems as the main causes for condemnation related to animal welfare. There is considerable potential to improve animal health and welfare surveillance using meat inspection structure that is already in place for food safety purposes, provided that the competent authority harmonizes the procedure of meat inspection among the States, sets specific animal welfare outcomes to be monitored, and integrates condemnation, transport and flock data. It seems crucial to update data collection to establish a routine that allows risk analysis regarding both food safety and animal welfare. In this regard, cooperative work between Federal Inspection and companies seems an interesting approach to promote transparency of the production processes, which would benefit society and animals.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Food Inspection/methods , Animal Welfare , Meat/analysis , Risk Assessment , Refrigeration/veterinary , Wounds and Injuries/veterinary , Chickens , Brazil , Escherichia coli
19.
Ciênc. Anim. (Impr.) ; 28(1): 30-46, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1472358

ABSTRACT

Os espermatozoides suínos apresentam sensibilidade às variações de temperaturas, devido à composição lipídica de sua membrana plasmática. Períodos de incubação prévia podem afetara fluidez da membrana, proporcionando ao espermatozoide uma melhor resistência, além de prolongar o período de armazenamento do sêmen e aumentar a proporção de espermatozoides com acrossoma intacto. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar a melhor relação entre temperatura e tempo de incubação do sêmen suíno diluído. Foram utilizados 57 ejaculados, provenientes de seis varrões, divididos em cinco tratamentos: T1 (controle): Sêmen diluído em Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) (35 ºC) 17 ºC (7 dias); T2: Sêmen diluído (35 ºC) 30 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias); T3: Sêmen diluído (35ºC) 25 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias); T4: Sêmen diluído (35 ºC) 30 ºC/1 hora 25 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias); T5: Sêmen diluído (35 ºC) 30 ºC/1 hora 25 ºC/1 hora 20 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias). No dia da coleta, nas primeiras 8 horas, não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos, quanto ao vigor e motilidade (p>0,05). No período de conservação (0 a 7 dias), no D0, os valores de vigor e motilidade do T5 foram superiores ao T1 (p0,05), apenas entre o sêmen pós-diluição e T3, T4 e T5 (p<0,05). Portanto, concluiu-se que a incubação prévia não aumentou o tempo de conservação do sêmen, bem como não trouxe prejuízos, durante sua conservação.


The swine spermatozoa are more sensitive to temperature variations due to the lipid composition of their plasma membrane. Incubation periods can affect the membrane fluidity, providing better resistance to sperm, in addition to prolonging the period of semen storage and also can increase the proportion of spermatozoa with an intact acrosome. This study aimed to identify the best relation between temperature and incubation time of diluted swine semen. There were used 57 ejaculates from 6 boars divided into 05 treatments: T1 (control): Semen diluted in Beltsville Diluted semen (35 ° C) 30 ° C / 1 hour 25 ° C / 4 hours 17 ° C (7 days); T5: Diluted semen (35 ° C) 30 ° C / 1 hour 25 ° C / 1 hour 20 ° C / 4 hours 17° C (7 days). On Thawing Solution (BTS) at 35 °C 17 ° C (7 days); T2: Diluted semen (35 ºC)30 ºC / 4 hours 17 ºC (7 days); T3: Diluted semen (35 ºC) 25 ºC / 4 hours 17 ºC (7 days); T4: the day of collection, in the first 8 hours weren’t observed differences between treatments (p> 0.05). In D0, values of vigor and motility of T5 were higher than T1 (p 0.05), only between post-dilution semen and T3, T4 and T5 (P <0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the previous incubation did not increase the storage time of the semen and did not bring losses during its conservation. There were statically analyzed: vigor, motility (Mann-Whitney), where in DO, T5 was superior to T1 (p<0.05), and in D5 and D9, T1 was superior to T5 (p<0.05), and morphology (“t” of Student Test), where there were not any differences between treatments.


Subject(s)
Animals , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Spermatozoa/physiology , Sperm Motility , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Swine , Temperature , Refrigeration/veterinary
20.
Ciênc. Anim. (Impr.) ; 28(1): 30-46, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-17850

ABSTRACT

Os espermatozoides suínos apresentam sensibilidade às variações de temperaturas, devido à composição lipídica de sua membrana plasmática. Períodos de incubação prévia podem afetara fluidez da membrana, proporcionando ao espermatozoide uma melhor resistência, além de prolongar o período de armazenamento do sêmen e aumentar a proporção de espermatozoides com acrossoma intacto. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar a melhor relação entre temperatura e tempo de incubação do sêmen suíno diluído. Foram utilizados 57 ejaculados, provenientes de seis varrões, divididos em cinco tratamentos: T1 (controle): Sêmen diluído em Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) (35 ºC) 17 ºC (7 dias); T2: Sêmen diluído (35 ºC) 30 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias); T3: Sêmen diluído (35ºC) 25 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias); T4: Sêmen diluído (35 ºC) 30 ºC/1 hora 25 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias); T5: Sêmen diluído (35 ºC) 30 ºC/1 hora 25 ºC/1 hora 20 ºC/4 horas 17 ºC (7 dias). No dia da coleta, nas primeiras 8 horas, não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos, quanto ao vigor e motilidade (p>0,05). No período de conservação (0 a 7 dias), no D0, os valores de vigor e motilidade do T5 foram superiores ao T1 (p<0,05), e no D5 o T1 foi superior ao T5, em relação aos mesmos parâmetros (p<0,05). Já em relação ao percentual de acrossomas morfologicamente normais, não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos (p>0,05), apenas entre o sêmen pós-diluição e T3, T4 e T5 (p<0,05). Portanto, concluiu-se que a incubação prévia não aumentou o tempo de conservação do sêmen, bem como não trouxe prejuízos, durante sua conservação.(AU)


The swine spermatozoa are more sensitive to temperature variations due to the lipid composition of their plasma membrane. Incubation periods can affect the membrane fluidity, providing better resistance to sperm, in addition to prolonging the period of semen storage and also can increase the proportion of spermatozoa with an intact acrosome. This study aimed to identify the best relation between temperature and incubation time of diluted swine semen. There were used 57 ejaculates from 6 boars divided into 05 treatments: T1 (control): Semen diluted in Beltsville Diluted semen (35 ° C) 30 ° C / 1 hour 25 ° C / 4 hours 17 ° C (7 days); T5: Diluted semen (35 ° C) 30 ° C / 1 hour 25 ° C / 1 hour 20 ° C / 4 hours 17° C (7 days). On Thawing Solution (BTS) at 35 °C 17 ° C (7 days); T2: Diluted semen (35 ºC)30 ºC / 4 hours 17 ºC (7 days); T3: Diluted semen (35 ºC) 25 ºC / 4 hours 17 ºC (7 days); T4: the day of collection, in the first 8 hours werent observed differences between treatments (p> 0.05). In D0, values of vigor and motility of T5 were higher than T1 (p <0.05), and in D5 T1 was higher than T5 in relation to the same parameters (p <0.05). There were no differences between treatments (p>0.05), only between post-dilution semen and T3, T4 and T5 (P <0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the previous incubation did not increase the storage time of the semen and did not bring losses during its conservation. There were statically analyzed: vigor, motility (Mann-Whitney), where in DO, T5 was superior to T1 (p<0.05), and in D5 and D9, T1 was superior to T5 (p<0.05), and morphology (“t” of Student Test), where there were not any differences between treatments.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Spermatozoa/physiology , Temperature , Sperm Motility , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Refrigeration/veterinary
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