ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Job burnout is a prevalent and emerging challenge in the primary medical system, causing mass turnover, especially of primary medical staff. Little attention has been paid to the different dimensions of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, personality disintegration, and reduced sense of achievement), which may hinder efforts to tackle high turnover intention among primary medical staff. From the perspective of conservation of resources theory, social support and psychological capital are basic resources with potential to diminish job burnout and thus lower turnover intention. However, there is insufficient research evidence on the relationships between social support, psychological capital, and the three dimensions of job burnout within the primary medical system. OBJECTIVES: Focusing on primary medical staff, this study conducts a path analysis to examine the correlations between two types of resources (social support and psychological capital) and the three dimensions of job burnout, and to test the impact of the latter on turnover intention. Based on the results, effective management strategies to improve the work stability of primary medical staff are proposed. METHODS: Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select participants in Anhui Province, China. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing measures of the main variables and demographic questions. In total, 1132 valid questionnaires were returned by primary medical staff. Structural equation modeling was used for path analysis of the data. RESULTS: Social support was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion (ß = - 0.088, P = 0.020), personality disintegration (ß = - 0.235, P < 0.001), and reduced sense of achievement (ß = - 0.075, P = 0.040). Moreover, psychological capital was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion (ß = - 0.079, P = 0.030), personality disintegration (ß = - 0.156, P < 0.001), and reduced sense of achievement (ß = - 0.432, P < 0.001). All three dimensions of job burnout positively affected turnover intention (emotional exhaustion: ß = 0.246, P < 0.001; personality disintegration: ß = 0.076, P = 0.040; reduced sense of achievement: ß = 0.119, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of social support and psychological capital for diminishing the three dimensions of job burnout for primary medical staff and, in turn, lowering their turnover intention. Accordingly, to alleviate job burnout and improve staff retention, material and psychological supports from leaders, colleagues, family, relatives, and friends are essential, as are measures to improve the psychological energy of primary medical staff.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional , Medical Staff , Personnel Turnover , Social Support , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Personnel Turnover/statistics & numerical data , Social Support/psychology , Medical Staff/psychology , Medical Staff/statistics & numerical data , China , Surveys and Questionnaires , Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rich cultural and traditional practices make interpersonal relationships vital for American Indian (AI) youth. Social relations and multigenerational networks (i.e., peer, family, kinship, and community) remain a salient fixture of AI culture, survival and thriving in reservation communities. Research in other populations has demonstrated how social networks impact youth risk and resilience, but data are lacking on AI adolescent networks. Intergenerational trauma from settler colonialism leads some AI youth to early initiation of substance use and subsequent substance misuse, along with disproportionately high risk for suicide and vulnerability to witnessing and experiencing violence. Using network data to develop prevention strategies among this population is a promising new avenue of research. In this study protocol paper, we describe the rationale and methodology of an exploratory study to be conducted with American Indian 9th and 10th graders at three schools on a Northern Plains reservation. METHODS: This mixed methods study will collect quantitative social network surveys (N = 300) and qualitative interviews (n = 30). The study will examine the extent to which existing social network theories and data metrics adequately characterize AI youth networks or how they may need to be expanded for this population. Associations of network characteristics with risk and protective factors for substance use, exposure to violence, and suicide will also be examined. DISCUSSION: This innovative methodological approach holds promise for informing the development of effective preventive approaches to address co-occurring risks for substance use, violence and suicide among AI adolescents. Understanding processes that impact social networks among AI adolescents can promote culturally resonant social relationships that may support better outcomes for youth.
Subject(s)
American Indian or Alaska Native , Culture , Social Support , Adolescent , Humans , American Indian or Alaska Native/psychology , Residence Characteristics , Social Support/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , Substance-Related Disorders/etiology , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Suicide/ethnology , Suicide/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Violence/ethnology , Violence/prevention & control , Violence/psychology , Multicenter Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Despite the high prevalence of perceived stress and mental health problems among medical professionals (MPs), their professional help-seeking is extremely low. This qualitative study explored MPs' stressors, stress-coping, barriers and facilitators of professional help-seeking. 10 MPs (30% male, Mage = 34.8 years) were recruited by purposive-sampling for views from different roles/settings. Thematic analyses revealed five central stressors: emerging novel diseases, challenges from technology-advancement, patient-communication difficulties, lack of workplace mental health care culture, excessive workload/manpower shortage. Participants predominantly used peer support/supervision and de-stress activities for stress-coping. Five factors affecting professional help-seeking were time constraint versus flexibility, mental health stigma versus de-stigmatization, concern over confidentiality/anonymity versus sense of privacy, worry about damage on professional role versus least work disruption, doubts of service providers versus perceived efficacy. All participants indicated a preference for online mental health service delivery. Results reflected unmet needs and service gaps from MPs' perspectives for the development of future interventions.
Subject(s)
Coping Skills , Health Services Accessibility , Help-Seeking Behavior , Nurses , Occupational Stress , Physicians , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Nurses/psychology , Physicians/psychology , Social Support/psychology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Shidu parents refer to the couple who have lost their only child and have not given birth or adopted another child in China. The number of Shidu parents is increasing annually. The aim of this research was to examine the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of social support between perceived stress and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) among Chinese Shidu parents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 505 participants who completed a questionnaire including the Prolonged Grief Questionnair-3 (PG-13), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ). SPSS PROCESS macro was employed to examine the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of social support. RESULTS: The mediation analysis showed anxiety partially mediated the link between perceived stress and PGD, and the proportion of mediation of anxiety was 39.22%. The moderated mediation analysis revealed the second stage of mediating effects of anxiety on the link between perceived stress and PGD was moderated by social support. Specifically, compared with Shidu parents with higher social support, the association between anxiety and PGD was closer for those with lower social support. CONCLUSIONS: The moderated mediation model can broaden our understanding of how and when perceived stress, anxiety and social support work together to affect PGD. The interventions aimed at improving mental health of Chinese Shidu parents need to work on reducing stress and enhancing social support.
Subject(s)
East Asian People , Only Child , Prolonged Grief Disorder , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Child , Humans , Anxiety/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , East Asian People/psychology , Grief , Parents/psychology , Social Support/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Stress, Psychological , Only Child/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature demonstrates that social media usage has witnessed a rapid increase in higher education and is almost ubiquitous among young people. The underlying mechanisms as to how social media usage by university students affects their well-being are unclear. Moreover, current research has produced conflicting evidence concerning the potential effects of social media on individuals' overall well-being with some reporting negative outcomes while others revealing beneficial results. METHODS: To address the research gap, the present research made an attempt to investigate the crucial role of social media in affecting students' psychological (PWB) and subjective well-being (SWB) by testing the mediating role of self-esteem and online social support and the moderation effect of cyberbullying. The data in the study were obtained from a sample of 1,004 college students (483 females and 521 males, Mage = 23.78, SD = 4.06) enrolled at 135 Chinese universities. AMOS 26.0 and SPSS 26.0 as well as the Process macro were utilized for analyzing data and testing the moderated mediation model. RESULTS: Findings revealed that social media usage by university students was positively associated with their PWB and SWB through self-esteem and online social support, and cyberbullying played a moderating role in the first phase of the mediation process such that the indirect associations were weak with cyberbullying reaching high levels. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of discerning the mechanisms moderating the mediated paths linking social media usage by young adults to their PWB and SWB. The results also underline the importance of implementing measures and interventions to alleviate the detrimental impacts of cyberbullying on young adults' PWB and SWB.
Subject(s)
Internet Use , Mental Health , Social Media , Students , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Asian People/psychology , Asian People/statistics & numerical data , Evidence Gaps , Self Concept , Social Media/statistics & numerical data , Social Support/psychology , Social Support/statistics & numerical data , Internet Use/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Universities/statistics & numerical data , Cyberbullying/psychology , Cyberbullying/statistics & numerical data , China/epidemiology , Mental Health/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Online communication is one of the most significant factors that affect the growth and development of contemporary college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms of online social support in the relationship between online communication and the positive psychological capital of college students in China. Drawing on social exchange theory, the research employed a sample of 1,212 Chinese college students and incorporated online social support as a mediating variable. The investigation constructed a research model using the College Students' Online Communication Questionnaire, Online Social Support Questionnaire, and Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire to examine the intricate relationship among online communication, online social support, and positive psychological capital. The study found that both online self-expression and online extended relationship actions positively influenced students' positive psychological capital. However, online social participation did not demonstrate an impact on this measure. Furthermore, online social support was found to partially mediate the connection between online self-expression and positive psychological capital as well as between online extended relationships and positive psychological capital. Online social support fully mediated the relationship between online social participation and positive psychological capital.
Subject(s)
Asian People , Communication , Internet , Social Participation , Social Support , Students , Humans , China , Social Support/psychology , Students/psychology , Optimism , Resilience, Psychological , Self Efficacy , Universities , Social Participation/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the implementation of Hubs providing access to psychological support for health and social care keyworkers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Qualitative interviews informed by normalisation process theory to understand how the Hub model became embedded into normal practice, and factors that disrupted normalisation of this approach. SETTING: Three Resilience Hubs in the North of England. PARTICIPANTS: Hub staff, keyworkers who accessed Hub support (Hub clients), keyworkers who had not accessed a Hub, and wider stakeholders involved in the provision of staff support within the health and care system (N=63). RESULTS: Hubs were generally seen as an effective way of supporting keyworkers, and Hub clients typically described very positive experiences. Flexibility and adaptability to local needs were strongly valued. Keyworkers accessed support when they understood the offer, valuing a confidential service that was separate from their organisation. Confusion about how Hubs differed from other support prevented some from enrolling. Beliefs about job roles, unsupportive managers, negative workplace cultures and systemic issues prevented keyworkers from valuing mental health support. Lack of support from managers discouraged keyworker engagement with Hubs. Black, Asian and minority ethnic keyworkers impacted by racism felt that the Hubs did not always meet their needs. CONCLUSIONS: Hubs were seen as a valuable, responsive and distinct part of the health and care system. Findings highlight the importance of improving promotion and accessibility of Hubs, and continuation of confidential Hub support. Policy implications for the wider health and care sector include the central importance of genuine promotion of and value placed on mental health support by health and social care management, and the creation of psychologically safe work environments. Diversity and cultural competency training is needed to better reach under-represented communities. Findings are consistent with the international literature, therefore, likely to have applicability outside of the current context.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Health Personnel , Pandemics , Psychosocial Support Systems , Social Workers , Humans , Asian , Counseling , Social Support/psychology , Health Personnel/psychology , Social Workers/psychology , Black People , Minority Groups , United Kingdom , Occupational Stress/ethnology , Occupational Stress/psychology , Occupational Stress/therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Attachment theory proposes that attachment security facilitates personal growth. However, attachment security origins in relationship history, and thus, how people treat their experiences may influence the outcomes of attachment security. People differ in the degree in believing that human beings have free will, and belief in free will may influence the relationship between experiences and outcomes. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between attachment security, belief in free will, and personal growth initiative. METHODS: We used the cross-sectional data of 346 Chinese college students for data analysis, including correlational analyses, regression, and moderation analyses. The nine-item Chinese version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale, the sixteen-item Chinese version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II, and the seven-item Free Will subscale of the Chinese version of the Free Will and Determinism Plus Scale were utilized. RESULTS: Results showed attachment avoidance and belief in free will, not attachment anxiety, was associated with personal growth initiative. Belief in free will moderated the association between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative. When the centered score of belief in free will was higher than 0.64, attachment avoidance was no longer associated with personal growth initiative. 85.84% of our data were below this Johnson-Neyman significance region, and 14.16% were above. In other words, only those who scored higher than 0.64 on free will beliefs were able to pursue personal growth despite their high attachment avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that when believing in free will, avoidantly attached people may believe in their ability to pursue personal growth and think their future has more possibilities, not influenced by other factors like social support, which they think they lack.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Avoidance Learning , Object Attachment , Personal Autonomy , Students , Humans , Anxiety/psychology , Asian People/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Human Development , Self Efficacy , Students/psychology , Universities , Social Support/psychologyABSTRACT
Family members and friends play an important supportive role in the management of chronic illnesses like diabetes, which often require substantial lifestyle changes. Some studies suggest that there may be racial differences in the kinds of support people receive, though little research has examined this idea within a chronic illness context. The current research takes a qualitative approach to examining similarities and differences between Black and White individuals with type 2 diabetes in the dimensions of support received from their family members, with a particular focus on better understanding more intrusive forms of support, such as unsolicited and overprotective support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (N = 32) to characterize differences in support received by Black and White individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results of the thematic analysis suggested that unsolicited and overprotective support were not universally perceived to be negative, as previous work on White populations seemed to suggest. Rather, if the support provided was perceived as inhibiting autonomy, it was generally undesired by participants from both racial groups-however, for Black participants, knowing that the support was provided out of love could make it more acceptable. The analysis also revealed several underexplored dimensions of received support, including the directiveness of support and the tone used to deliver support. The current study provides an initial step towards grounding social support theory in the experiences of marginalized populations and will inform further development of a culturally sensitive measure of social support for individuals with chronic illness.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Love , Social Support , Humans , Chronic Disease , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Social Support/psychology , Black or African American , WhiteABSTRACT
We evaluated how an online post-traumatic growth program affected rumination, social support, and post-traumatic growth. We recruited 33 firefighters from two Korean provinces and employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-post-test design. We administered the pretest for the intervention group (n = 16), consisting of eight sessions with an online workbook and messenger group counseling. We conducted post-tests immediately after the program and 4 weeks later. Post-traumatic growth and social support increased significantly. There were no statistically significant differences for intrusive or deliberate rumination. Psychological support programs should be developed to reflect firefighters' work characteristics and needs, including programs designed to induce rumination.
Subject(s)
Firefighters , Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Humans , Asian People , Firefighters/psychology , Social Support/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Republic of Korea , Rumination, CognitiveABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous studies on online smoking cessation communities (OSCCs) have shown how such networks contribute to members' health outcomes from behavior influence and social support perspectives. However, these studies rarely considered the incentive function of OSCCs. One of the ways OSCCs motivate smoking cessation behaviors is through digital incentives. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the incentive function of a novel digital incentive in a Chinese OSCC-the awarding of academic degrees-to promote smoking cessation. It specifically focuses on "Smoking Cessation Bar," an OSCC in the popular web-based Chinese forum Baidu Tieba. METHODS: We collected discussions about the virtual academic degrees (N= 1193) from 540 members of the "Smoking Cessation Bar." The time frame of the data set was from November 15, 2012, to November 3, 2021. Drawing upon motivational affordances theory, 2 coders qualitatively coded the data. RESULTS: We identified five key topics of discussion, including members' (1) intention to get virtual academic degrees (n=38, 2.47%), (2) action to apply for the degrees (n=312, 20.27%), (3) feedback on the accomplishment of goals (n=203, 13.19%), (4) interpersonal interaction (n=794, 51.59%), and (5) expression of personal feelings (n=192, 12.48%). Most notably, the results identified underlying social and psychological motivations behind using the forum to discuss obtaining academic degrees for smoking cessation. Specifically, members were found to engage in sharing behavior (n=423, 27.49%) over other forms of interaction such as providing recommendations or encouragement. Moreover, expressions of personal feelings about achieving degrees were generally positive. It was possible that members hid their negative feelings (such as doubt, carelessness, and dislike) in the discussion. CONCLUSIONS: The virtual academic degrees in the OSCC created opportunities for self-presentation for participants. They also improved their self-efficacy to persist in smoking cessation by providing progressive challenges. They served as social bonds connecting different community members, triggering interpersonal interactions, and inducing positive feelings. They also helped realize members' desire to influence or to be influenced by others. Similar nonfinancial rewards could be adopted in various smoking cessation projects to enhance participation and sustainability.
Subject(s)
Motivation , Smoking Cessation , Social Support , Humans , East Asian People , Interpersonal Relations , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Social Support/methods , Social Support/psychology , Internet , CredentialingABSTRACT
Introducing the 1991 publication of Chicana Lesbians: The Girls Our Mothers Warned Us About, editor and visionary Carla Trujillo identifies the seed planted by Juanita Ramos' 1987 anthology Compañeras: Latina Lesbians. Detailing her experiential arc from exuberant to unsettled, Trujillo explains: "Compañeras had only teased me. Not only did I want more, I needed more" (ix). Trujillo's editorial recognition of a lack-of presence, voice, power, visibility-as well as the need to foster spaces for the nurturing of more Chicana lesbian voices and work engage two key components of what I identify as "needing more," a critical engagement of Chicana lesbian desire as intervention and offering. Using analysis of queer, decolonial, and performance studies, I suggest that Chicana Lesbian desire as articulated in Trujillo's anthology can be seen as a critical unsettling that posits both a critique of existing norms and structures as well as an active envisioning of new modes of self and queer familia. Shifting from theory to literature, I offer an application of "needing more" to two original contributions from Chicana Lesbians by Monica Palacios and Diane Alcalá. My analysis illuminates the three key elements of "needing more"-a recognition of lack, a conscious and ongoing envisioning of "more," and an active renegotiation of familia within the context of queer desire and community. I close the essay with my letter testimonio in the spirit of Trujillo's "needing more" and the collection's enduring engagement with and impact on queer familia.
Subject(s)
Community Support , Homosexuality, Female , Mexican Americans , Personal Autonomy , Female , Humans , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Homosexuality, Female/psychology , Mexican Americans/psychology , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Social Support/psychology , Community Support/psychology , LiteratureABSTRACT
Anecdotal evidence indicates that people believe that morality is declining1,2. In a series of studies using both archival and original data (n = 12,492,983), we show that people in at least 60 nations around the world believe that morality is declining, that they have believed this for at least 70 years and that they attribute this decline both to the decreasing morality of individuals as they age and to the decreasing morality of successive generations. Next, we show that people's reports of the morality of their contemporaries have not declined over time, suggesting that the perception of moral decline is an illusion. Finally, we show how a simple mechanism based on two well-established psychological phenomena (biased exposure to information and biased memory for information) can produce an illusion of moral decline, and we report studies that confirm two of its predictions about the circumstances under which the perception of moral decline is attenuated, eliminated or reversed (that is, when respondents are asked about the morality of people they know well or people who lived before the respondent was born). Together, our studies show that the perception of moral decline is pervasive, perdurable, unfounded and easily produced. This illusion has implications for research on the misallocation of scarce resources3, the underuse of social support4 and social influence5.
Subject(s)
Culture , Illusions , Morals , Humans , Illusions/psychology , Intergenerational Relations , Aging/psychology , Bias , Attentional Bias , Social Support/psychology , Peer InfluenceABSTRACT
Background: Weather-related disasters, including hurricanes, are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. Vulnerable populations, such as people with low income and racial and ethnic minorities, are particularly prone to increased levels of physical harm and psychiatric adversity from weather-related events.Objectives: We aimed to explore psychosocial resources and coping of survivors with three different posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories (High-Decreasing, Moderate-Decreasing, and High-Stable), after Hurricane Katrina across two different time points: F1 (1-year post-disaster) and F3 (12 years post-disaster).Method: Participants in this multi-method study were part of a larger cohort of the Resilience in Survivors of Katrina (RISK) project. Transcripts of interviews completed at the two time points were analysed using two qualitative methods, combining thematic analysis and narrative analysis, and providing both breadth of perspectives with the depth of specific case studies.Results: Sixteen survivors completed interviews at both F1 and F3. From our in-depth analysis of the data, we derived five inductive themes: 'Hope,' 'Adaptive vs maladaptive avoidance,' 'Emotional delay,' 'Acceptance, Finding Meaning and Being in the Moment,' and 'Coping strategies.' Survivors with High-Decreasing and Moderate-Decreasing PTSS trajectories experienced hope for future, accepted the hurricane and its results, and found efficient ways to cope with their situation. Survivors with High-Stable PTSS trajectories tended to express a lack of hope for future and struggled to be mindful and accept the hurricane and its harm. Unlike survivors with High-Decreasing and Moderate-Decreasing PTSS trajectories, survivors with High-Stable PTSS trajectories also reported less social and family support and faced more discrimination and racism.Conclusion: There are factors beyond individual-level psychosocial resources that may shape post-disaster resilience. When supporting survivors after a weather-related disaster, it is essential to provide ongoing psychological, financial, and physical assistance to bolster these resources.
After Hurricane Katrina, survivors with different posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories reported different levels of hope, mindfulness, and willingness to talk about the hurricane, emotional processing, and coping strategies.These experiences varied over time for survivors in all three trajectories.Survivors who report ongoing high levels of symptoms should be offered additional support to bolster these psychosocial resources.
Subject(s)
Cyclonic Storms , Natural Disasters , Resilience, Psychological , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Survivors , New Orleans/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Hope , Avoidance Learning , Emotions , Adaptation, Psychological , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Survivors/psychology , Time Factors , Cohort Studies , Qualitative Research , Interviews as Topic , Social Support/psychology , Racism/psychology , NarrationABSTRACT
Bereaved older people face stressors from the changes in roles associated with the death of a spouse. To illustrate the lived experience of everyday life during a period of aging after a woman's loss of her spouse. One woman born in 1918 was followed between 74 and 80 years of age after her husband died. Data consisted of daily diary. The text from the diaries were analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutical approach. Everyday life after becoming a widow is characterized by balancing between personal resources to manage everyday life and vulnerability. In health and social care, it is important to identify experiences of vulnerability because these are associated with poor health.
Subject(s)
Aging , Bereavement , Social Support , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Aging/psychology , Social Support/psychology , Narration , Hermeneutics , Widowhood/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A recent study focusing on dietary predictors of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) found that women with higher levels of partner support, and those who had used oral contraception (OC) when they met the father, both tended to report less severe NVP compared with previous non-users or those with less supportive partners. We provide a further test of these factors, using a large sample of women from four countries who retrospectively scored their NVP experience during their first pregnancy. METHODS: We recruited women who had at least one child to participate in a retrospective online survey. In total 2321 women completed our questionnaire including items on demographics, hormonal contraception, NVP, and partner support. We used general linear models and path analysis to analyse our data. RESULTS: Women who had used OC when they met the father of their first child tended to report lower levels of NVP, but the effect size was small and did not survive adding the participant's country to the model. There was no relationship between NVP and partner support in couples who were still together, but there was a significant effect among those couples that had since separated: women whose ex-partner had been relatively supportive reported less severe NVP. Additional analyses showed that women who were older during their first pregnancy reported less severe NVP, and there were also robust differences between countries. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further evidence for multiple influences on women's experience of NVP symptoms, including levels of perceived partner support.
Subject(s)
Contraceptives, Oral , Nausea , Pregnancy Complications , Sexual Partners , Social Support , Vomiting , Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Contraception/methods , Contraception/psychology , Contraception Behavior/psychology , Contraceptives, Oral/administration & dosage , Contraceptives, Oral/therapeutic use , Family Characteristics , Health Surveys , Internet , Nausea/etiology , Nausea/prevention & control , Nausea/psychology , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications/psychology , Retrospective Studies , Sexual Partners/psychology , Social Support/psychology , Vomiting/etiology , Vomiting/prevention & control , Vomiting/psychologyABSTRACT
South Asians face stressors as a growing immigrant group in America. Work is needed to understand how these stressors impact mental health to identify those at risk of depression and design interventions. This study examined associations of three stressors (discrimination, low social support, limited English proficiency) with depressive symptoms in South Asians. Using cross-sectional data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study (N = 887), we fit logistic regression models to evaluate independent/joint effects of three stressors on depression. Overall prevalence of depression was 14.8%; 69.2% of those with all three stressors had depression. The combined effect of high discrimination/low social support was significantly greater than the sum of the individual factors. Experiences of discrimination, low social support, or limited English proficiency, as well as a combination of these factors, should be considered when diagnosing/treating South Asian immigrants in a culturally appropriate manner.
Subject(s)
Depression , Emigrants and Immigrants , Limited English Proficiency , Social Discrimination , Social Support , South Asian People , Humans , Asian , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/ethnology , Depression/etiology , Depression/psychology , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Social Support/psychology , South Asian People/psychology , United States , Social Discrimination/ethnology , Social Discrimination/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Suicide is a leading cause of death among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) young people aged 10-19 years in the United States, but data collection and reporting in this population are lacking. We examined results of an oversample project in New Mexico to determine the association between resiliency factors and suicide-related behaviors among AI/AN middle school students. METHODS: We conducted analyses using data from the 2019 New Mexico Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey for students in grades 6 through 8. An oversampling method was used to increase the sample size of AI/AN students. We used logistic regression to determine the association between resiliency factors and suicide indicators among AI/AN students, stratified by sex. RESULTS: Among female AI/AN students, community support had the strongest protective effect against having seriously thought about suicide (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.14-0.38), while family support was significantly associated with the lowest odds of having made a suicide plan (aOR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08-0.28) and having attempted suicide (aOR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.13-0.34) (P < .001 for all). Among male AI/AN students, school support had the strongest protective effect against all 3 outcomes: seriously thought about suicide (aOR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.62; P < .001), having made a suicide plan (aOR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.39; P < .001), and having attempted suicide (aOR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12-0.65; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Oversampling AI/AN young people can help accurately quantify and understand health risk behaviors and strengths of this population, leading to improved health and wellness. Family, community, and school-based support should be considered in interventions geared toward suicide prevention among AI/AN young people.
Subject(s)
American Indian or Alaska Native , Resilience, Psychological , Social Support , Students , Suicide , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , American Indian or Alaska Native/psychology , American Indian or Alaska Native/statistics & numerical data , New Mexico/epidemiology , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States/epidemiology , Suicide/ethnology , Suicide/psychology , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Child , Young Adult , Suicidal Ideation , Suicide, Attempted/ethnology , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Social Support/psychology , Social Support/statistics & numerical data , School Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Inflammation, the body's protective response to injury and infection, plays a critical role in physical and mental health outcomes. Elevated chronic inflammation is implicated as a predictor of disease and all-cause mortality and is linked with several psychological disorders. Given that social support is associated with lower rates of mortality and psychopathology, the links between inflammation and social support are well-studied. However, there are many significant gaps related to both the specificity and generalizability of extant findings. There is a paucity of research on the association between social support and inflammation within different racial groups. Additionally, more research is warranted to understand whether social support from different sources uniquely contributes to inflammation, above and beyond other sources of support. Thus, the current study examined whether perceived emotional social support during adolescence predicted inflammation during adulthood within several racial groups. Participants (n = 3,390) were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), identified as either Asian, Black, Latinx, White, or Multiracial, and had complete data on study variables. Consistent with our hypotheses and previous research, greater perceived support during adolescence was associated with lower inflammation during adulthood, but only for White participants. Contrastingly, greater perceived support during adolescence was associated with higher inflammation during adulthood for individuals who identified as Asian, Latinx, Black, or Multiracial. Furthermore, patterns of social support and inflammation within each racial group varied by relationship type. These results highlight the importance of studying relationship processes and health outcomes within racial groups to understand their unique, lived experiences.