Los trastornos emocionales (TEs) son los trastornos más comunes entre la población joven. El desarrollo de programas preventivos de los TEs es fundamental para evitar su posible aparición. Los programas de prevención transdiagnósticos podrían presentar una ventaja sobre los existentes para mejorar las estrategias de regulación emocional. Así, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la viabilidad y eficacia preliminar de un programa breve basado en el Protocolo Unificado (PU). El proyecto consistió en un estudio piloto utilizando un diseño experimental de línea base múltiple. Nueve estudiantes universitarios recibieron un programa de 5 sesiones basado en el PU en formato grupal online. Se encontraron diferencias significativas después de la intervención en la regulación de las emociones, el apoyo social percibido y la evitación, con tamaños del efecto moderados-grandes (r de Cohen = .49 - .59). Estas mejoras mostraron aumentos en los seguimientos al mes y a los 3 meses. Esos resultados están en línea con los que muestran que los programas preventivos transdiagnósticos breves podrían ser útiles para la prevención de los TEs en población universitaria.(AU)
Emotional disorders (EDs) are the most common disorders among the young population. The development of preventive programs for EDs is essential to avoid their possible appearance. Transdiagnostic prevention programs could present an advantage over existing ones to im-prove emotional regulation strategies. Thus, the objective of this study has been to determine the preliminary feasibility and effectiveness of a brief program based on the Unified Protocol (UP). The project consisted of a pilot study using a multiple baseline experimental design. Nine university students received a 5-session program based on the UP in online-group format. Significant differences were found after the intervention for emo-tion regulation, perceived social support and avoidance, with moderate-large effect sizes (Cohen's r= .49-.59). These improvements showed in-creases at 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Those results are in line with those showing that brief transdiagnostic preventive programs could be use-ful for the prevention of EDs in the university population.(AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Students/psychology , Mental Health , Student Health , Affective Symptoms , Disease Prevention , Pilot Projects , Psychology , Clinical Protocols
Existe un debate considerable en la literatura sobre cómo el narcisismo predice diversos comportamientos asociados con la utilidad de los sitios de redes sociales, pero los investigadores han prestado menos atención a explorar los mediadores potenciales de esta relación. Con base en la literatura existente, anticipamos que el narcisismo predice comportamientos de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales. El estudio actual también investigó el papel mediador del perfeccionismo multidimensional entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción. Se recopiló un total de 605 cuestionarios completos de estudiantes de universidades de Rawalpindi e Islamabad, Pakistán, mediante un muestreo conveniente. El estudio utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista (Ames et al., 2006), un cuestionario de desarrollo propio sobre comportamiento de autopromoción en sitios de redes sociales y la Escala de Perfeccionismo Multidimensional (Hewitt et al., 1991). Los hallazgos indicaron que las mujeres en comparación con los hombres y las solteras en comparación con las casadas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en narcisismo. Los niveles educativos más altos se asociaron con tasas más altas de narcisismo. Los resultados también sugieren que el narcisismo se correlaciona con el perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y, más significativamente, con el narcisismo orientado a los demás. El perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y a los demás medió significativamente la relación entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales.(AU)
There is considerable debate in the literature about how narcis-sism predicts various behaviors associated with the utility of social net-working sites, but researchers have paid less attention to exploring the po-tential mediators of this relationship.Based on the existing literature, we anticipated that narcissism predicts self-promoting behaviors on social networking sites. The current study also investigated the mediating role of multidimensional perfectionismbetween narcissism and self-promoting behavior. A total of 605 complete questionnaires weregathered fromstu-dents from universities from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using convenient sampling. The study used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006), self-developed Self-promoting Behavior on social net-working sites questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt et al., 1991). Findings indicated that females as compared to males and single as comparedto married individuals scored higher on narcissism. Higher educational levels were associated with higher rates of narcissism. The results also suggestthat narcissism correlated with self-oriented per-fectionism, and more significantlywith others-oriented narcissism. Self-oriented and others-oriented perfectionism significantly mediated the rela-tionship between narcissism and self-promoting behavior on social net-working sites.(AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Mental Health , Perfectionism , Narcissism , Behavior , Students/psychology , Pakistan
This study addresses the understanding gap concerning the factors that influence the continuous learning intention of adult learners on online education platforms. The uniqueness and significance of this study stem from its dual focus on both platform features, such as service quality, and course features, including perceived interactivity and added value, aspects often overlooked in previous research. Rooted in Expectation Confirmation Theory, the study constructs a comprehensive model to shed light on the complex interplay of these factors. Empirical evidence collected from a survey of 1592 adult learners robustly validates the effectiveness of this model. The findings of the study reveal that platform service quality, perceived interactivity, and perceived added value significantly amplify adult learners' expectation confirmation and perceived usefulness. These elements subsequently enhance learner satisfaction, fostering their ongoing intention to use online education platforms. These insights offer practical guidance for online education providers, emphasizing the necessity to enhance platform service quality and course features to meet adult learners' expectations and perceived usefulness. The study provides valuable perspectives for devising strategies to boost user satisfaction and stimulate continuous usage intention among adult learners in the intensely competitive online education market. This study enriches the literature by uncovering the relationships among platform features, course features, expectation confirmation, perceived usefulness, and continuous usage intention. By proposing a comprehensive model, this study provides a novel theoretical basis for understanding how platform and course features impact adult learners' ongoing intention to use online education platforms, thereby aiding the evolution and refinement of relevant theories.
Education, Distance , Intention , Learning , Humans , Education, Distance/methods , Adult , Female , Male , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students/psychology , Middle Aged , Internet
BACKGROUND: Few studies have simultaneously focused on the associations of vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, school bullying, and Internet addiction (IA) with depressive symptoms. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect effects of the above factors on depressive symptoms in adolescents by constructing a structural equation model (SEM). METHODS: This study was conducted in Qingdao from September to November 2021. A total of 6195 secondary school students aged 10-19 years were included in the analysis. Information on all variables was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. An SEM was constructed with depressive symptoms as the endogenous latent variable, IA as the mediating variable, and vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, and school bullying as the exogenous latent variables. The standardized path coefficients (ß) were the direct effects between the latent variables, and the indirect effects were obtained by the product of direct effects between relevant latent variables. RESULTS: The median value with the interquartile range of depressive symptom scores was 7 (3,12). Vegetable and fruit intake (ß=-0.100, P<0.001) and physical activity (ß=-0.140, P<0.001) were directly negatively related to depressive symptoms. While school bullying (ß=0.138, P<0.001) and IA (ß=0.452, P<0.001) were directly positively related to depressive symptoms. IA had the greatest impact on depressive symptoms. Vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, and school bullying could not only directly affect depressive symptoms, but also indirectly affect depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of IA, the indirect effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were -0.028 (-0.051, -0.007), -0.114 (-0.148, -0.089) and 0.095 (0.060, 0.157), respectively. The results of the multi-group analysis showed that the SEM we constructed still fit in boy and girl groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that vegetable and fruit intake, physical activity, school bullying, and IA had a significant direct impact on depressive symptoms, among which IA had the greatest impact. In addition, both vegetable and fruit intake, school bullying, and physical activity indirectly affected depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of IA. The impact of IA on depressive symptoms should be given extra attention by schools and parents. This study provides a scientific and effective basis for the prevention and control of adolescent depressive symptoms.
Bullying , Depression , Exercise , Fruit , Internet Addiction Disorder , Students , Vegetables , Humans , Adolescent , Male , Bullying/psychology , Bullying/statistics & numerical data , Female , Depression/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Exercise/psychology , Child , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology , Schools , Young Adult , China/epidemiology
BACKGROUND: The effect of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder remains unclear. In this study, we examined this association in Chinese students and explored the possible associated roles of psychological resilience and depression. METHODS: In total, 8,579 students from Hunan Province, China, provided information regarding their sociodemographic factors, history of childhood trauma, any symptoms of depression, psychological resilience, and characteristics of Internet gaming disorder for this cross-sectional study. The impact of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder, as well as the extent to which it was mediated by depression and moderated by psychological resilience was evaluated. RESULTS: The influence of childhood trauma on Internet gaming disorder was partially mediated by depression (B = 0.07, 95% CI [0.04, 0.05], p < 0.001), with psychological resilience acting as a mitigating factor (B = -0.002, 95% CI [13.74, 21.72], p < 0.001). Psychological resilience also moderated the association between childhood trauma and depression (B = - 0.003, 95% CI [22.17, 28.10], p < 0.001). Our moderated mediation model elucidated psychosocial mechanisms, revealing the underlying link between childhood trauma and Internet gaming disorder. It also demonstrated the partial mediating role of depression and modulating role of psychological resilience among Chinese students. CONCLUSIONS: Education and interventions, along with effective social support, should be provided to enhance students' psychological resilience and prevent childhood trauma and depression.
Adverse Childhood Experiences , Depression , Internet Addiction Disorder , Mediation Analysis , Resilience, Psychological , Humans , Male , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Female , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/psychology , Adverse Childhood Experiences/psychology , Young Adult , Adolescent , Adult , Video Games/psychology , Students/psychology
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization defines mental health as a combination of two dimensions: the negative dimension, or negative mental health, which indicates the presence of mental disorders, symptoms, and problems, and the positive dimension, or positive mental health, which includes emotions and positive personal characteristics such as self-esteem, resilience against environmental challenges, a sense of integrity, and self-efficacy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of internet addiction and academic resilience in predicting the mental health of high school students in Tehran, Iran. METHOD: The research method employed was a survey. 758 people participated in the study, and the samples consisted of high school students in Tehran during the academic year 2022-2023. The process of collecting information was carried out by distributing the questionnaire link through virtual networks and schools. The research utilized Young's Internet Addiction Test, Samuels' Academic Resilience Inventory, and Goldberg's Mental Health Questionnaire as the research tools. Statistical tests, including Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis, were employed to investigate the relationships between variables. RESULT: The effect of internet addiction on mental health (ß=0.39) is negative and significant at the 0.001 level, while the effect of academic resilience on mental health (ß=0.66) is positive and significant at the 0.001 level. These two variables collectively predict 53% of the variance in students' mental health. This indicates that as internet addiction increases among students, their mental health significantly decreases, whereas higher levels of academic resilience correspond to higher mental health. CONCLUSIONS: This study has elucidated the role of internet addiction and academic resilience in predicting the mental health of high school students in Tehran. Given the significance of adolescent mental health, it is imperative for healthcare professionals and other stakeholders to develop intervention and prevention models to address mental health crises and plan for the enhancement of adolescent mental health.
Internet Addiction Disorder , Mental Health , Resilience, Psychological , Students , Humans , Iran , Male , Adolescent , Female , Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology , Students/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Schools , Behavior, Addictive/psychology
Introducción y objetivo: La inteligencia artificial se halla plenamente presente en nuestras vidas. En educación las posibilidades de su uso son infinitas, tanto para alumnos como para docentes. Material y métodos: Se ha explorado la capacidad de ChatGPT a la hora de resolver preguntas tipo test a partir del examen de la asignatura Procedimientos Diagnósticos y Terapéuticos Anatomopatológicos de la primera convocatoria del curso 2022-2023. Además de comparar su resultado con el del resto de alumnos presentados, se han evaluado las posibles causas de las respuestas incorrectas. Finalmente, se ha evaluado su capacidad para realizar preguntas de test nuevas a partir de instrucciones específicas. Resultados: ChatGPT ha acertado 47 de las 68 preguntas planteadas, obteniendo una nota superior a la de la media y mediana del curso. La mayor parte de preguntas falladas presentan enunciados negativos, utilizando las palabras «no», «falsa» o «incorrecta» en su enunciado. Tras interactuar con él, el programa es capaz de darse cuenta de su error y cambiar su respuesta inicial por la correcta. Finalmente, ChatGPT sabe elaborar nuevas preguntas a partir de un supuesto teórico o bien de una simulación clínica determinada. Conclusiones: Como docentes estamos obligados a explorar las utilidades de la inteligencia artificial, e intentar usarla en nuestro beneficio. La realización de tareas que suponen un consumo de tipo importante, como puede ser la elaboración de preguntas tipo test para evaluación de contenidos, es un buen ejemplo. (AU)
Introduction and objective: Artificial intelligence is fully present in our lives. In education, the possibilities of its use are endless, both for students and teachers. Material and methods: The capacity of ChatGPT has been explored when solving multiple choice questions based on the exam of the subject «Anatomopathological Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures» of the first call of the 2022-23 academic year. In addition, to comparing their results with those of the rest of the students presented the probable causes of incorrect answers have been evaluated. Finally, its ability to formulate new test questions based on specific instructions has been evaluated. Results: ChatGPT correctly answered 47 out of 68 questions, achieving a grade higher than the course average and median. Most failed questions present negative statements, using the words «no», «false» or «incorrect» in their statement. After interacting with it, the program can realize its mistake and change its initial response to the correct answer. Finally, ChatGPT can develop new questions based on a theoretical assumption or a specific clinical simulation. Conclusions: As teachers we are obliged to explore the uses of artificial intelligence and try to use it to our benefit. Carrying out tasks that involve significant consumption, such as preparing multiple-choice questions for content evaluation, is a good example. (AU)
Humans , Pathology , Artificial Intelligence , Teaching , Education , Faculty, Medical , Students
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains a complex disease and leading cause of cancer-related death in Nigerian women. Recently, the role of nutrition has been highlighted in the etiology of breast cancer. METHODS: The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrition-related knowledge, attitude, and practices of female university students. We also investigated the correlation between their demographic characteristics and their knowledge and attitudes of the survey participants. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among female students at the Federal University of Oye (FUOYE), Nigeria. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires designed to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning cancer prevention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20, and significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Out of the 402 students who received the questionnaire, 300 completed it. The average age of the participants was 21.26 years with a standard deviation of 2.68. There was generally limited knowledge regarding breast cancer risk factors, with 45% of participants citing family history as the most recognized risk factor. Overall, knowledge level was influenced by the participants' permanent place of residence and course of study. Attitudes towards the impact of maternal and paternal nutrition on breast cancer prevention were notably low. Additionally, less than half of the participants demonstrated good dietary practices. CONCLUSION: This study revealed low levels of nutrition-related knowledge concerning cancer prevention, accompanied by poor dietary habits among the participants. These results suggest a possible link between inadequate knowledge about breast cancer prevention and the observed poor dietary practices among the participants. The frequent consumption of unhealthy foods among the participants may be a pointer to higher risk of breast cancer in the future, emphasizing a need for health education targeted at this group.
Breast Neoplasms , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Students , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Nigeria/epidemiology , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , Universities , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Risk Factors
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the blood pressure (BP) pattern and prevalence of hypertension amongst apparently healthy primary school pupils in Abuja. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out on apparently healthy primary school children aged 6-12 years. BP was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer according to standard guidelines. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and analysis of variance were used to determine the relationship between BP and various variables where applicable. P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 1011 pupils recruited for the study, 457 (42.2%) were male. The mean systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) increased significantly with age from 94.5 mmHg to 101.0 mmHg and from 61.5 mmHg to 65.3 mmHg from 6 to 12 years for SBP and DBP, respectively (P < 0.05). The prevalence of high BP was 9.1%. Age was the only predictor of SBP (ß = -0.629, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.115, -0.142), while age, height and body mass index (BMI) were the predictors of DBP (ß = -0.686, 95% CI of -1.152, -0.221; ß = 0.490, 95% CI of 0.172, 0.809; ß = 1.753, 95% CI of 0.374, 3.160) for age, height and BMI, respectively, at P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The predictors of SBP and DBP as shown in this study support the recommendations by various reports for taking body size into consideration in developing reference values for various populations. Age and body size are important determinants of BP in children. Its measurement should be encouraged in schools.
Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Hypertension , Humans , Male , Child , Nigeria/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Prevalence , Hypertension/epidemiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Schools , Blood Pressure Determination/methods , Students/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors
RATIONALE: Marianismo beliefs, or traditional female gender role beliefs among Latinas, have been found to serve as risk or protective factors linked with health risk behaviors in prior studies, including alcohol and drug misuse. However, limited research has examined potential factors that may contribute to or explain these associations. Sexist discrimination, which can serve as a significant stressor that may contribute to substance misuse, is one potential factor that may link marianismo beliefs and substance misuse among Latina young adult women. OBJECTIVE: This study examined sexism as a potential mediator of hypothesized negative associations between five marianismo beliefs (Family Pillar, Virtuous and Chaste, Subordinate to Others, Silencing Self to Maintain Harmony, and Spiritual Pillar) and alcohol and drug misuse using structural equation modeling. METHOD: Participants included 611 cisgender Latina full-time college student young adult women in the U.S. ages 18-26 who participated in an online cross-sectional survey about their health and behaviors. RESULTS: Results delineated experiences of sexism as a significant risk factor for alcohol and drug misuse and as a potential explanatory factor that may partly explain associations between certain marianismo beliefs (i.e., Virtuous and Chaste beliefs) and substance misuse. Specifically, experiences of sexism partially accounted for the negative association between endorsement of the Virtuous and Chaste belief and increased alcohol and drug misuse among Latina young adults. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention and intervention efforts should take a culturally responsive, gender-informed approach to address substance misuse among Latina young adults and address the negative influence of sexism on health.
Hispanic or Latino , Sexism , Substance-Related Disorders , Humans , Female , Hispanic or Latino/psychology , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , Young Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent , Sexism/psychology , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Gender Role , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the impact of an ecological dynamics (ED) intervention (EDI) on primary school children's physical literacy and well-being in the Hong Kong context. The aim of this project is to introduce a physical literacy and well-being framework through an EDI that allows primary school children to develop good physical activity (PA) and daily behavioural habits. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A four-arm (cluster) randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of EDI on physical literacy and well-being in primary schools located in each of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. Four classes in senior primary students (grade 4) at each school will be randomly assigned to the four different conditions. These participating schools will be equipped with sit-stand desks, PA recess facility and equipment, and sleep pillows. The research team will adopt both objective measures (aerobic fitness, fundamental movement skills, daily behaviour-physical activity and cognitive function) and self-reported measures (perceived physical literacy, quality of life, sleep quality) covering the elements and domains of physical literacy and well-being to examine the effects of EDIs at four time points, including baseline assessment, 3 months after intervention, postintervention and 3-month follow-up assessment. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) will be used to test for differences in the baseline characteristics of participants between groups. Repeated measure ANOVAs and MANCOVA, with time (baseline, after intervention and follow-up) as within-subjects factor, and intervention group as between-subjects factors, will be used to evaluate the effects of different interventions on the students' physical literacy and well-being. A Bonferonni correction to the p value will be calculated to adjust for multiple tests. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was sought from the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee in Hong Kong (CREC Ref.No.:2024.027). The finding of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, international conference presentations and academic lectures. For secondary analysis of the data, please contact the corresponding author for permission. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN84025914.
Exercise , Quality of Life , Schools , Humans , Hong Kong , Child , Health Promotion/methods , Female , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Male , Health Literacy , Physical Fitness , Students/psychology , School Health Services
Introduction: The prevalence of dental caries (DC) among students in developing countries has increased at an alarming rate, and nutritional status has been shown to be associated with DC in children and adolescents with inconsistent conclusions. We aimed to understand the trends of DC prevalence in students aged 7, 9, 12, and 14 years and to explore the relationship between DC prevalence and nutritional status. Methods: We recruited 16,199 students aged 7, 9, 12, and 14 years in China by multi-stage, stratified, random sampling methods from 2010 to 2019. Permanent caries were measured using the Decay, Loss, and Filling (DMF) index and prevalence rate. Deciduous caries were measured using the decay, loss, and filling (dmf) index and prevalence rate. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin levels. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between nutritional status and the DC prevalence in children and adolescents, incorporating information concerning family-related factors. Results: The results indicated that DC prevalence increased from 39.75% in 2010 to 53.21% in 2019 in Henan province, with deciduous teeth and permanent teeth being 45.96 and 27.18%, respectively, in 2019. The total caries rate decreased with age (p < 0.05), and the caries rate of girls was higher than that of boys in 2019 (55.75% vs. 50.67%) (p < 0.001). The prevalence of dental caries among primary and secondary school students in areas with medium economic aggregate was the highest, followed by cities with the best economic development level, and cities with low economic levels have a lower prevalence of dental caries. The dental caries prevalence was negatively correlated with body mass index. In the fully adjusted model, underweight children had a higher caries prevalence (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 0.86-1.41). Children with anemia had a higher prevalence of dental caries (OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 0.98-1.42). Conclusion: The DC prevalence of students in Henan Province was high, with a tendency to increase. Females, young individuals, and those with a higher economic level showed a positive correlation with the prevalence of caries. In the process of economic development, particular attention should be paid to early childhood caries prevention. Nutritional status should be taken seriously among children and adolescents, and the oral health system should be improved to keep pace with economic development.
Dental Caries , Nutritional Status , Students , Humans , Dental Caries/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Female , Male , Child , Adolescent , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Students/statistics & numerical data , Body Mass Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , DMF Index , East Asian People
International students' mental health has become an increasing concern in recent years, as more students leave their country for better education. They experience a wide range of challenges while studying abroad that have an impact on their psychological well-being. These challenges can include language obstacles, cultural differences, homesickness, financial issues and other elements that could severely impact the mental health of international students. Given the limited research on the demographic, cultural, and psychosocial variables that influence international students' mental health, and the scarcity of studies on the use of machine learning algorithms in this area, this study aimed to analyse data to understand the demographic, cultural factors, and psychosocial factors that impact mental health of international students. Additionally, this paper aimed to build a machine learning-based model for predicting depression among international students in the United Kingdom. This study utilized both primary data gathered through an online survey questionnaire targeted at international students and secondary data was sourced from the 'A Dataset of Students' Mental Health and Help-Seeking Behaviors in a Multicultural Environment,' focusing exclusively on international student data within this dataset. We conducted data analysis on the primary data and constructed models using the secondary data for predicting depression among international students. The secondary dataset is divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets for analysis, employing four machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and K Nearest Neighbor. To assess each algorithm's performance, we considered metrics such as Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision and AU-ROC curve. This study identifies significant demographic variables (e.g., loan status, gender, age, marital status) and psychosocial factors (financial difficulties, academic stress, homesickness, loneliness) contributing to international students' mental health. Among the machine learning models, the Random Forest model demonstrated the highest accuracy, achieving an 80% accuracy rate in predicting depression.
Machine Learning , Mental Health , Students , Humans , Male , Female , Students/psychology , Young Adult , Depression/diagnosis , Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , United Kingdom
Introduction: Diversity can enhance the agenda and quality of biomedical research, but a dearth of underrepresented minorities and women serve as biomedical researchers. The study purpose was to examine the impact of the a summer undergraduate research program on self-efficacy in research, scientific communication, and leadership as well as scientific identity, valuing objectives of the scientific community, and intent to pursue a biomedical research career. Methods: Underrepresented minority and female undergraduate students participated in a mentored research experience in a rural, low-income state. Results: Students' self-efficacy in research, scientific communication, and leadership as well as scientific identity, valuing objectives of the scientific community, and intent to pursue a biomedical research career increased post-program compared to pre-program. Conclusion: This study supports implementation of a biomedical summer undergraduate research program for URM and women in a poor, rural, settings.
Biomedical Research , Minority Groups , Poverty , Rural Population , Students , Humans , Minority Groups/statistics & numerical data , Female , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Biomedical Research/education , Adult , Career Choice , Male , Young Adult , Self Efficacy , Leadership , Cultural Diversity
Background: Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage has been linked to higher rates of infection and morbidity. People with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can be a potential source of infection for others. University students living together in crowded conditions increase their risk of acquiring infections. The prevalence of S. aureus, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage, in Ethiopian university students is sparse. Objective: This study aimed to determine the nasal carriage rate, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pre-clinical students at the College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia, from 1 July to 30 August 2022. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 randomly selected pre-clinical Health and Medical Sciences students. Data on associated factors were collected using pre-tested, structured questionnaires. A nasal swab was taken from each participant and sent to the microbiology laboratory via Amies transport media in a cold chain. There, it was cultivated using conventional techniques. The isolated colonies were found to be S. aureus, and its antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus expressing using cefoxitin based on CLSI breakpoint. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.4.2.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25 for analysis. Pearson's chi-square test was performed to predict the associations between variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Result: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage was 5.9% (95% CI: 3.09-8.7) of cases of S. aureus nasal colonization, which was found to be 12.96% (95% CI: 8.85-16.96). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization was significantly associated with the history of cigarette smoking (p = 0.000), intake of khat (p = 0.042), nose-picking habit (p = 0.003), history of sharing personal goods (p = 0.021), and history of hospitalizations (p = 0.00). All of the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin. Conclusion: Based on the findings, a considerable proportion of healthy students harbored Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with behavioral factors. Furthermore, these isolates showed high resistance to cefoxitin and ampicillin. Hence, it is crucial to regularly test pre-clinical students to prevent endogenous infections and the spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Carrier State , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcal Infections , Humans , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Female , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Young Adult , Universities , Carrier State/microbiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Adult , Adolescent , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
Introduction: The mental health of unverisity students is influenced by diverse factorsis multifaceted, requiring further investigation to evaluate its current status and determinants. The present study aims to address this gap by targeting Chinese university students and employing the Psychological Resilience Dynamic System model. Through a questionnaire survey, this research endeavors to explore the mental health status and influencing factors. Ultimately, the findings of this study aim to provide a theoretical basis and tailored practical guidance for the development of mental health intervention strategies for university students. Methods: Based on the Psychological Resilience Dynamic System Model, the mental health status of 3,390 Chinese university students from 15 universities was empirically investigated with the principle of stratified sampling and the geographical distribution and disciplinary diversity of universities. The questionnaires used included Kessler psychological distress scale, psychological resilience scale,positive psychological capital scale, family hardiness index and social support scale. Among the participants, 47.85% were male and 52.15% were female. Regarding the origin, 42.89% of the students were from rural areas, while 57.11% were from urban areas. Results: Key findings unveil: (1) A prevalence of 24.54% in students has suboptimal mental health, with 18.70 and 5.84%, respectively, representing those with poor and relatively poor mental health conditions; (2) A noteworthy negative correlation (p < 0.01) between mental health scores of university students and nine pivotal factors, including psychological resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience, family resilience, objective support, subjective support, and support utilization; (3) Eight factors, including grade, family economic status, psychological resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, family resilience, objective support, and support utilization, emerge as significant predictors of university students' mental health (p <0.001), collectively elucidating 57.9% of the total variance in mental health. Discussion: The aforementioned research results, indicate that the influencing factors on the mental health of university students encompass four main aspects. These include individual demographic factors such as grade and family economic status, positive psychological capital factors such as psychological resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience, family resilience factors including responsibility, control, and challenge, and societal support factors including objective support, subjective support, and support utilization. Based on this, this paper focuses on four recommendations: giving full play to the leading role of universities in mental health education and stress intervention, strengthening the educational power of positive family ideals and role modeling, building a support system for positive social atmosphere and psychological counseling, and improving the self-shaping ability of university students' psychological resilience and positive psychological capital. These recommendations aspire to better promote the mental health of university students and provide a strength reserve for psychological problem intervention.
Mental Health , Resilience, Psychological , Students , Humans , Female , Students/psychology , Male , Universities , China , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult , Social Support , Adult , Models, Psychological , Adolescent
Changes in dietary patterns and body weight have become a focus of research in undergraduate students. This study compared breakfast consumption, intake of foods high in saturated fat, and BMI between medical and non-medical students. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 4,561 Peruvian university students, of whom 1,464 (32.1%) were from the medical field and 3,097 (67.9%) from the non-medical field. We compared the frequency of breakfast consumption (categorized as regular: 6 to 7 days/week; occasional: 3 to 5 days/week; and rarely or never: 0 to 2 days/week) and the frequency of consumption of foods high in saturated fat. We created simple and multiple linear and Poisson regression models with robust variance to evaluate the association of the mentioned variables with academic fields. Non-medical students (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99; p = 0.008) were less likely to eat breakfast regularly compared to medical students. Likewise, consumption of foods high in saturated fats was higher in non-medical students (B = 1.47, 95% CI 0.91-2.04; p < 0.001) compared to medical students. Similarly, the mean BMI of these students was significantly higher than that of medical students (B = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.53; p = 0.002). Although medical students reported relatively healthy eating habits and a lower BMI, there is a widespread need to promote improved diet and lifestyle among the entire university population to reduce the risks of communicable diseases and improve quality of life.
Body Mass Index , Breakfast , Feeding Behavior , Students, Medical , Humans , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult , Adult , Students/statistics & numerical data , Dietary Fats , Fatty Acids , Adolescent , Universities , Peru
Canada welcomes a large number of newcomers every year including international students and their families. The over 800,000 international students who arrived in Canada in 2022, are twice as likely to face difficulties in accessing healthcare services compared to those who were born in Canada. Lack of access to healthcare services may jeopardize their full participation in Canadian society. Pharmacists are highly accessible healthcare providers due to their regular contact with the public, extended working hours, and wide distribution of pharmacies. Given the expanding role of pharmacists in Canada, pharmacists can be a great resource for international newcomers to address their healthcare needs when transitioning to the Canadian healthcare system and exploring available services. In this study, we will explore how international students and their families, who make up a significant segment of newcomers to Canada each year, transition to Canada's healthcare system and identify their main challenges related to developing coping skills for managing diseases and navigating the complexities of prescription and nonprescription medication use. To do so, we will conduct virtual interviews with newcomer international students who have lived experience with transitioning to the Canadian healthcare system. This study will help understand the international student experience and identify how pharmacists can deliver a tailored package of pharmaceutical services to this population to best address their healthcare needs when transitioning to the Canadian healthcare system with the goal of reducing healthcare gaps and inequities. By exploring the healthcare challenges faced by these students, our findings will help pinpoint precise areas where pharmacists can practice to their full scope including medication management, patient education, and transitional care. Consequently, the study will offer detailed recommendations on how pharmacists can better support this population and thereby help alleviate the overall strain on the primary healthcare system.
Delivery of Health Care , Pharmacists , Qualitative Research , Humans , Canada , Pharmacists/psychology , Students/psychology , Professional Role , Health Services Accessibility , Female , Male
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare different Body Mass Index (BMI) categories, body composition parameters, postural balance, and functional mobility among female students at a College of Applied Medical Sciences; and examine the relationship between BMI and body composition with postural balance and functional mobility among female students at the college of applied medical sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female students, aged 18â25 years old. They were subdivided into four groups according to their BMI category: underweight, normal, overweight, or obese, with n = 20 participants in each group. A Bioelectrical Impedance Human Body Analyzer (BIA) was used to assess the following body composition parameters: Fat Percentage (FATP), fat mass, muscle mass, and Total Body Water (TBW). A NeuroCom Balance Master was used to assess postural balance and functional mobility. A Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was employed to assess functional mobility. All data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Participants' ages and heights were matched (p > 0.05). However, there were variables that were statistically significantly higher in terms of weight, BMI and body composition, including FATP, fat mass, muscle mass, and TBW (p = 0.000), among the obese group. Moreover, postural balance was lower among the obese group. There was a significant relationship between BMI and body composition variables in respect of postural balance but not in relation to functional mobility. CONCLUSION: Postural instability but not functional mobility was related to higher BMI and body composition values among the study groups.
Body Composition , Body Mass Index , Postural Balance , Humans , Female , Postural Balance/physiology , Body Composition/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Young Adult , Adult , Adolescent , Obesity/physiopathology , Students , Overweight/physiopathology , Thinness/physiopathology , Electric Impedance , Reference Values
