Refraction and topographic risk factors for early myopic regression after small-incision lenticule extraction surgery.

We sought to evaluate the topographic risk factors for early myopic regression after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). A retrospective case‒control study was conducted, and individuals who underwent SMILE surgery were enrolled. Among them, 406 and 14 eyes were categorized into the nonregression and regression groups, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative parameters in the two groups were collected, including spherical refraction (SE), axial length (AXL) and topographic data. A generalized linear model was adopted to analyze the difference in each parameter between the two groups. After 6 months, UCVA decreased in the regression group, and SE increased in the regression group (both P < 0.05). The increase in the CCT at the thinnest point (P = 0.044), flat corneal curvature (P = 0.012) and TCRP (P = 0.001) were significantly greater in the regression group. Regarding the risk factors for myopic regression, preoperative SE, preoperative sphere power, preoperative AXL, preoperative flat corneal curvature, preoperative SA, early postoperative SE, early postoperative sphere power, early postoperative AXL and early postoperative CCT difference were significantly greater in the regression group (all P < 0.05). The SE, sphere power, AXL, preoperative flat corneal curvature, preoperative SA, and postoperative CCT difference correlate with early myopic regression after SMILE.

Patient-Reported Outcomes on Subjective Nipple Sensation After Double-Incision and Periareolar Mastectomy for Chest Masculinization: Subjective Nipple Sensation After Chest Masculinization.

ABSTRACT: We evaluated patient-reported outcomes to assess for patient and procedural factors associated with postchest masculinization subjective nipple sensation. Patients who underwent double-incision or periareolar mastectomies for chest masculinization by a single senior surgeon (2015-2019) were surveyed at 2 time points regarding postoperative nipple sensation and satisfaction, including patient-reported outcomes using BODY-Q modules (Q-Portfolio.org). Demographic, operative, and postoperative variables were obtained from medical records. Patients were stratified according to survey responses. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.Response rate was 42% for survey 1 and 22% for survey 2. Of the 151 survey 1 responders, 138 (91.4%) received double-incision mastectomies and 13 (8.6%) received periareolar mastectomies. Among Survey 1 responders, 84.6% periareolar patients and 69.6% double-incision patients reported "completely" or "a little" nipple sensation preservation, and the difference trended toward significance (P = 0.0719). There was a stepwise increase in proportion of patients reporting sensation with greater recovery time until response to survey 1. Obesity (P = 0.0080) and greater tissue removed (P = 0.0247) were significantly associated with decreased nipple sensation. Nipple satisfaction scores were significantly higher for patients reporting improved nipple sensation (P = 0.0235). Responders to survey 2 who reported greater satisfaction with nipple sensation were significantly more likely to report preserved sensitivity to light touch (P = 0.0277), pressure (P = 0.0046), and temperature (P = 0.0031). Preserved erogenous sensation was also significantly associated with greater satisfaction (P = 0.0018).In conclusion, we found that nipple sensation may be associated with postoperative nipple satisfaction. Operative techniques to optimize nipple sensation preservation may improve this population's postoperative satisfaction.

Effectiveness of SCAR-Q for assessment of incisional SCAR after implant-based reconstruction in breast cancer patients: Can it be a tool for incision selection?

Incisional scarring is a factor of cosmetic appearance evaluated after breast reconstruction, along with the shape, position, and size of the breast. This study aimed to examine the effect of the incision scar location on patient satisfaction after breast reconstruction. Using the Japanese version of the SCAR-Q, we assessed the scar appearance, symptoms and psychosocial effects. Plastic surgeons performed assessments using the Manchester Scar Scale. The patients were divided into two groups: those with scars on the margins of the breast (MB group) and those with scars in the breast area (IB group). The results revealed that patients in the MB group reported significantly higher satisfaction with the scar appearance and psychological impact than those in the IB group. However, assessments using the Manchester Scar Scale did not reveal any significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of patient-reported outcomes in the evaluation of scar satisfaction after breast reconstruction. Patients tend to prefer and have higher satisfaction with scars along the breast margin, which offers valuable insights into surgical decisions. Further studies with larger and more diverse sample sizes are required for validation.

Single incision robotic cystectomy and urinary diversion.

PURPOSE: In this review, we aim to provide readers with a balanced understanding of all aspects of single incision robotic cystectomy (SIRC) and urinary diversion using the single-port (SP) robot. The review will trace the historical progression from open surgery to the introduction of minimally invasive approaches and present an in-depth description of the SIRC technique, offering a step-by-step guide for reference. Emphasis will be placed on indications and patient selection criteria to equip surgeons with well-rounded insights for decision-making. METHODS: The review analyzes preliminary surgical outcomes by drawing from existing literature and clinical experiences, endeavoring to present a balanced view of the potential benefits and limitations. Addressing the learning curve and training prerequisites is paramount, and this review explores strategies and challenges in preparing surgeons for proficiency. Finally, the focus shifts to current challenges and future directions, identifying key issues and potential advancements in the field. CONCLUSIONS: By presenting historical context, technical insights, clinical evidence, and strategic foresight, the review aims to provide a comprehensive resource that engages surgeons, researchers, and trainees from diverse perspectives.

[Comparison of robotic-assisted single-incision-plus-one-port laparoscopic pyeloplasty and single-incision laparoscopic pyeloplasty in the treatment of pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction].

Objective: To compare the efficacy of robotic-assisted single-incision-plus- one-port laparoscopic pyeloplasty (R-SILP+1) with single-incision laparoscopic pyeloplasty (SILP) in pediatric ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Methods: The clinical data of 47 children with UPJO who underwent surgery from October 2020 to September 2022 in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of Fujian Provincial Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical method chosen by parents, the children were divided into R-SILP+1 group and SILP group. Baseline data, operative time, intraoperative anastomosis time, volume of blood loss, postoperative hospitalization time, complications, total costs, preoperative and postoperative renal parenchymal thickness (PT), anterior posterior diameter of renal pelvis (APD), and differential renal function (DRF) before and after operation were compared between the two groups, and the clinical efficacy of the two kinds of operation was evaluated. Results: Among the 47 children, 27 were in R-SILP+1 group, including 16 males and 11 females, aged (6.6±3.5) years; 20 were in SILP group, including 12 males and 8 females, aged (6.5±3.5) years. The operations were successful in both groups without conversion to open operation. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline data, volume of blood loss, complications, APD and PT at postoperative 6 months, APD, PT and DRF at postoperative 12 months (all P>0.05). Compared with the SILP group, the operative time [(153.0±14.4) vs (189.9±32.6) minutes, P<0.001], intraoperative anastomosis time [(68.8±16.8) vs (97.5±12.0) minutes, P<0.001], postoperative hospitalization time [(6.0±1.3) vs (9.0±1.3) d, P<0.001] were shorter, but the total cost was higher[(57 390±7 664) vs (30 183±4 219) yuan RMB, P<0.001]. Conclusions: Compared with the SILP group, R-SILP+1 can achieve considerable efficacy in treating pediatric UPJO, and has certain advantages in shortening operative time, intraoperative anastomosis time, and postoperative hospitalization time. However, the cost is high.

Changes in motor evoked potentials after erector spinae block in scoliosis surgery-when to take pre-incision baseline recordings?

Multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is highly valuable in scoliosis surgeries for monitoring spinal cord function, particularly during instrumentation. Accurate timing of baseline recordings of TcMEP and SSEP is crucial, as any changes observed during surgery and instrumentation are compared to these baseline recordings. However, the impact of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block (USG-ESPB) on SSEP and TcMEP is not well-studied in scoliosis surgery. In this report, we present two cases of scoliosis surgery where bilateral two-level USG-ESPB using different concentrations of ropivacaine (0.375% and 0.2%) resulted in a transient and significant deterioration of TcMEP, occurring 3 minutes after the block and lasting for 20 minutes. Remarkably, SSEPs remained unchanged during this period. These findings suggest that USG-ESPB may produce TcMEP changes, highlighting the importance of carefully considering the timing of baseline TcMEP acquisition in scoliosis surgery.

Effect of tobacco usage on surgical site wound problems after primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis.

The meta-analysis aims to assess and compare the effect of tobacco usage on surgical site wound problems (SSWPs) after primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty (PTH&TKA). Using dichotomous random- or fixed-effects models, the outcomes of this meta-analysis were examined, and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was computed. Fifteen studies from 2001 to 2023 were enrolled for the present meta-analysis including 560 819 personals with PTH&TKA. Smokers had significantly higher SSWPs (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.21-1.94, p < 0.001) compared with non-smokers in personals with PTH&TKA. Current smokers had significantly higher SSWPs (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.40-1.80, p < 0.001) compared with non-smokers in personals with PTH&TKA. Current smokers had significantly higher SSWPs (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19-1.70, p < 0.001) compared with former smokers in personals with PTH&TKA. However, former smokers and non-smokers had no significant difference in SSWPs (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.95-1.30, p = 19) in personals with PTH&TKA. The examined data revealed that in personals with PTH&TKA smokers had significantly higher SSWPs compared with non-smokers, and current smokers had significantly higher SSWPs compared with non-smokers and former smokers; however, former smokers and non-smokers had no significant difference in SSWPs. Yet, attention should be implemented while relating to its values since some of the comparisons were made using a low number of selected studies.

The Buried Guide Suture Method: A Novel Technique to Correct Traumatic Facial Dimples.

SUMMARY: Facial dimpling, frequently occurring after blunt trauma, presents as soft-tissue depression, which is particularly apparent during facial expression. The displacement of subcutaneous tissue can be detected and measured by high-frequency ultrasound. Limited surgical methods have been applied in these closed-injury cases. Repositioning the subcutaneous tissue without incisions on unscarred skin is challenging. The authors propose a novel three-dimensional technique to suture and fix the subcutaneous tissue at a distance through a concealed incision. The buried guide suture method was used in the treatment of 22 patients with traumatic facial dimples on the cheek. All patients showed great improvement in their depressed deformity with minor complications. This technique provides an option to correct soft-tissue depression without leaving a visible scar, especially for mimetic rupture caused by blunt trauma.

Small-Incisional Double Eyelid Blepharoplasty: A Retrospective Study of Our Minimally Invasive Technique with Three Mini Incisions.

BACKGROUND: Small-incisional double eyelid surgery has been increasingly performed these years and achieved good aesthetic results, but the techniques vary greatly between literatures. The authors reviewed the cases of three-small-incisional double eyelid surgery performed in the past three years and introduced their surgical technique in detail. METHODS: A total of 87 patients receiving bilateral three-small-incisional double eyelid surgery were included in this retrospective study. The pretarsal folds were designed meticulously, along which three evenly distributed 2 mm-long incisions were made. A minimal amount of orbicularis oculi muscle and pretarsal soft tissue were removed to expose the pretarsal fascia for further fixation. An appropriate amount of orbital septal fat was removed through the lateral incision if required. The superficial orbicularis oculi muscle and dermis on the lower margin of the incision were fixed onto the pretarsal fascia with some underlying tarsus on the upper margin of the tarsus. The skin was closed by one stitch for each incision. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 9.9 ± 5.2 months (range: 6-27 months). All the patients were satisfied with the result. None of them experienced loss of the pretarsal fold, bilateral asymmetry, scar hyperplasia, or persistent swelling after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our three-small-incisional technique with minor soft tissue debulking offers a simple, safe, and reproducible approach to double eyelids. It can create a stable and natural-looking pretarsal fold with a short recovery period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Gasless Single-Incision Endoscopic Surgery via Subclavicular Approach for Lateral Neck Dissection in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The technical difficulties and trauma of remote access methods in endoscopic surgery (ES) for lateral neck dissection (LND) can be daunting for most patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and surgeons. The purpose of study was to introduce gasless single-incision ES via a subclavicular approach (ESSA) and to explore its safety and efficacy for LND. METHODS: Between January 2022 and February 2023, we retrospectively reviewed 17 patients with PTC who underwent ESSA for LND. In addition, 22 patients who received video-assisted ES (VAES) and 48 patients who underwent open surgery (OP) for LND during the same period were included. Clinicopathological characteristics, complications, and efficacy of the lymph node yield (LNY) were compared between the ESSA and the other two groups (VAES and OP). RESULTS: The LNY from central and lateral neck dissection by ESSA was comparable to that by VAES (9.2 ± 8.1 vs. 9.5 ± 4.2, P = 0.986, and 33.5 ± 11.6 vs. 30.6 ± 9.2, P = 0.382, respectively) and OP (9.2 ± 8.1 vs. 11.0 ± 5.4, P = 0.420, and 33.5 ± 11.6 vs. 31.5 ± 7.9, P = 0.383, respectively). Swallowing impairment scores at 1 and 3 months were significantly lower after ESSA than those after VAES (1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2, P = 0.003, and 0.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.006, respectively). The cosmetic satisfaction rate 1 month after surgery was significantly higher in the ESSA group than that in the VAES group (100 vs. 31.8%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ESSA is a safe and minimally invasive procedure that provides a scarless cervical appearance and has good efficacy for LND. Therefore, ESSA may be a feasible choice for selected patients with N1b PTC with cervical cosmetic needs.

Case Report of Complex Chest Wall Repair for Sternal Dehiscence After Bilateral Lung Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: We report a case of a complex chest wall reconstruction because of sternal dehiscence, requiring different surgical procedures for its complete resolution. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old man patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation through a clamshell incision, using nitinol thermo-reactive clips for sternal closure. One year later, he consulted because of chest pain, fever, and purulent secretions. Physical examination and chest X-ray revealed a right pulmonary hernia due to post-clamshell wound dehiscence. Chest wall repair was performed, placing an expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene synthetic mesh, and the sternum was realigned and fixated with titanium plates and screws. However, in the immediate postoperative period, there was a large amount of serous drainage through the surgical wound, needing negative pressure therapy. Unfortunately, the wound became necrotic with exposure to the osteosynthesis material. In addition, a chest computed tomography scan showed fluid accumulation in the anterior chest wall. Therefore, two-stage revision surgery was indicated: first, the removal of the previous prosthesis and, the definite one, the use of a pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to provide effective coverage of the wound. CONCLUSION: Sternal dehiscence is not an uncommon complication after clamshell incision in patients undergoing bilateral sequential lung transplantation, and it is associated with significant morbidity. In the presence of chest wall instability, surgical repair is mandatory.

Treatment of pelvic giant cell tumor by wide resection with patient-specific bone-cutting guide and reconstruction with 3D-printed personalized implant.

BACKGROUND: This study reports our experience in the treatment of aggressive pelvic GCT through wide resection assisted with patient-specific bone-cutting guides (PSBCGs) and subsequent reconstruction with 3D-printed personalized implants (3DPIs), aiming to present the operative technique of this method and evaluate its clinical efficacy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed seven patients who underwent wide resection of pelvic GCT followed by reconstruction with 3DPIs from August 2019 to February 2021. There were two males and five females, with a mean age of 43 years. PSBCGs and 3DPIs were prepared using 3D-printing technology. The operational outcomes, local recurrence, radiological results, and any associated complications of this technique were assessed. And the functional outcomes were assessed according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 functional score. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 35.3 months (range 28-45 months). There was no intraoperative complication. Negative surgical margins were achieved in all patients. Postoperative pelvic radiographs showed that 3DPIs matched the shape and size of the bone defect. The anterior-posterior, inlet, and outlet pelvic radiograph demonstrated precise reconstruction consistent with the surgical planning. In addition, tomosynthesis-Shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology (T-SMART) showed good osseointegration at an average of three months after surgery (range 2-4 months). There was no local recurrence or tumor metastasis. The average MSTS score was 24.4 (range 23-27) at the last follow-up. Delayed wound healing was observed in one patient, and the wounds healed after debridement. Prosthesis-related complications were not detected during the follow-up, such as aseptic loosening or structure failure. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of aggressive pelvic GCTs through wide resection assisted with PSBCGs and subsequent reconstruction with 3DPIs is a feasible method, which provides good clinical results and reasonable functional outcomes.

Intracorporeal Versus Extracorporeal Colo-colic Anastomosis in Minimally-invasive Left Colectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The primary aim was to investigate the operative outcomes of intracorporeal (IA) and extracorporeal (EA) anastomosis in left-sided minimally-invasive colectomy. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted for studies comparing operative outcomes and follow-up data of IA versus EA in minimally-invasive left colectomy. Studies that investigated recto-sigmoid resections using transanal circular staplers were excluded. Data from eligible studies were extracted, qualitatively assessed, and included in a meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences with 95 per cent confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Eight studies with a total of 750 patients were included (IA n = 335 versus EA n = 415). IA was associated with significantly lower overall morbidity (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.61, p < 0.0001) and less frequent surgical site infection (SSI) (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.12-0.61, p = 0.002) as primary outcomes compared to EA. Of the secondary outcomes, length of incision (SMD -2.51, 95% CI -4.21 to -0.81, p = 0.004), time to first oral diet intake (SMD -0.49, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.22, p = 0. 0004) and time to first bowel movement (SMD -0.40, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.09, p = 0.01) were significantly in favor of IA, while operative time was significantly shorter in the EA group (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.59, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IA proves to be a safe and feasible option as it demonstrates benefits in terms of lower overall morbidity, fewer rates of SSI, smaller incision length, and faster postoperative gastrointestinal recovery despite a longer operative time compared to EA.

Minimally invasive small incision surgical technique for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: It is always a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons to minimise surgical incisions while ensuring excellent surgical results. We propose the minimally invasive small incision (MISI) technique and an extramedullary positioning technique in the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) surgery. This study aimed to clarify the early postoperative clinical outcomes and component alignment between MISI and conventional minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 60 patients who underwent MISI-UKA and 60 patients who underwent MIS-UKA as controls. Clinical parameters include the time of straight leg raising, postoperative walking time with walker assistance, hospital stay, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score and Knee Society Score (KSS). The postoperative components and lower extremity alignment were compared between the two groups with radiographic image measurement. RESULTS: The MISI group obtained a smaller incision during knee extension (P < 0.001) but a longer tourniquet usage time than the MIS group. The MISI group lost less blood (P < 0.001). The MISI group achieved straight leg raising and walking with aid earlier after surgery, with a shorter hospital stay than the MIS group (P < 0.001). Range of motion (ROM), NRS and KSS scores revealed no significant difference between the two groups in six months postoperative follow-up (P > 0.05). Radiographic measurement results between the two groups revealed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) CONCLUSION: The MISI-UKA could achieve faster earlier recovery after surgery and shorter hospital stays without compromising the principles of proper prosthesis position and limb alignment compared with the conventional MIS-UKA.

Brow Lift Through The Upper Blepharoplasty Incision: Prospective Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: Eyebrow tail ptosis is usually associated with dermatochalasis of the upper eyelid, and it is necessary to treat them together. For these associated procedures to be incorporated as a routine in upper eyelid surgeries, they should preferably be less invasive with consequent fewer complications. OBJECTIVE: We describe a minimally invasive technique for the correction of mild-to-moderate eyebrow tail ptosis corrected together with superior dermatochalasis through the blepharoplasty incision. METHODS: A phase 2 clinical trial was conducted from February 2020 to December 2021. A total of 50 patients underwent conventional upper blepharoplasty surgery associated with the proposed eyebrow lift technique: internal pexia in the periosteum, dissection, and posterior fixation of the orbicularis muscle to the arcus marginalis, removal of the lateral part of the orbicularis muscle, and loosening of the orbital retention ligament. Evaluation of the height of the eyebrow tail was performed with digital photography in the initial consultation and at 30-90 days postoperatively and analyzed with ImageJ software. RESULTS: Mean difference in brow height at 1-month and 3-month postoperative evaluations compared to the preoperative period was 3.45-3.33 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of mild-to-moderate eyebrow ptosis with significant eyebrow tail lift results that remained stable during the study period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Ventriculosubgaleal shunts in the management of neonatal post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus: technical note.

INTRODUCTION: Germinal matrix / intraventricular haemorrhage (GMIVH) remains a significant complication of prematurity. The more severe grades are associated with parenchymal haemorrhagic infarction (PHI) and hydrocephalus. A temporising procedure is usually the first line in management of neonatal post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (nPHH) as the risk of failure of a permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion is higher in the early stage. Our choice of temporising procedure is a ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS). In this technical note, we describe a modification in technique whereby the pocket of the VSGS is fashioned away from the surgical wound. This resulted in lower CSF leak and subsequent infection rates in our centre. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent insertion of a VSGS between September 2014 and February 2023. RESULTS: Twenty children were included in our study with a mean gestational age of 31 weeks + 4 days. Post-operatively, 10% of patients did not need a tap, and 10%, 20%, 15%, 25% and 20% respectively had 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 taps. Two patients experienced CSF leak from their wounds. In both these patients, the pocket was deemed too close to the wound. None of the patients without suspected pre-existing CNS infection at the time of insertion of VSGS had a subsequent VSGS-related infection. VSGS conversion to permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) was required in 15 (75%) of the patients with an average interval duration of 72 days. On reviewing the literature, the infection rate following VSGS is quoted up to 13.5%. In our own centre, 13 patients had undergone VSGS insertion between 2005 and 2013 with a 30.8% infection rate which seemed related to increased leak rates. CONCLUSION: Our modified surgical approach seems to be effective in reducing the risk of infection, which we postulate is a direct result of reduction in the risk of leak from the surgical wound.