ABSTRACT
Wildlife diseases have implications for ecology, conservation, human health, and health of domestic animals. They may impact wildlife health and population dynamics. Exposure rates of coyotes (Canis latrans) to pathogens such as Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, may reflect prevalence rates in both rodent prey and human populations. We captured coyotes in north-central New Mexico during 2005-2008 and collected blood samples for serologic surveys. We tested for antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV, Canine morbillivirus), canine parvovirus (CPV, Carnivore protoparvovirus), plague, tularemia (Francisella tularensis), and for canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) antigen. Serum biochemistry variables that fell outside reference ranges were probably related to capture stress. We detected antibodies to parvovirus in 32/32 samples (100%), and to Y. pestis in 26/31 (84%). More than half 19/32 (59%) had antibodies against CDV, and 5/31 (39%) had antibodies against F. tularensis. We did not detect any heartworm antigens (n = 9). Pathogen prevalence was similar between sexes and among the three coyote packs in the study area. Parvovirus exposure appeared to happen early in life, and prevalence of antibodies against CDV increased with increasing age class. Exposure to Y. pestis and F. tularensis occurred across all age classes. The high coyote seroprevalence rates observed for CPV, Y. pestis, and CDV may indicate high prevalence in sympatric vertebrate populations, with implications for regional wildlife conservation as well as risk to humans via zoonotic transmission.
Subject(s)
Coyotes , Distemper Virus, Canine , Distemper , Dog Diseases , Parvoviridae Infections , Parvovirus, Canine , Plague , Tularemia , Yersinia pestis , Animals , Dogs , Humans , Plague/epidemiology , Plague/veterinary , Tularemia/epidemiology , Tularemia/veterinary , Distemper/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , New Mexico , Antibodies, Viral , Parvoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Parvoviridae Infections/veterinary , Animals, WildABSTRACT
A 65-year-old man with treated latent tuberculous infection presented with 1 week of fevers (up to 39.6°C), chills, headache, lightheadedness, and malaise. He reported a chronic, nonproductive cough without hemoptysis but denied other localizing symptoms, sick contacts, or recent travel. He lived in an urban area in eastern Colorado and owned one healthy dog but otherwise denied known animal exposures. He was a retired oil driller who had worked in southern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico (Sonora region). Other travel included 3 years in the early 1970s working as a military aircraft mechanic in Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Six weeks prior to admission, he began work as a groundskeeper on a golf course that had experienced recent flooding, using a riding mower and exposing himself to airborne dust and organic debris. He smoked a pipe daily for 30 years but quit 2 months prior to presentation, although he continued to smoke marijuana weekly. He denied intravenous drug use.
Subject(s)
Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Francisella tularensis , Lymphadenopathy , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/diagnosis , Thorax/diagnostic imaging , Tularemia , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Differential , Francisella tularensis/immunology , Francisella tularensis/isolation & purification , Humans , Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis , Lymphadenopathy/etiology , Male , Serologic Tests/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment Outcome , Tularemia/complications , Tularemia/diagnosis , Tularemia/drug therapy , Tularemia/physiopathologyABSTRACT
An 18-year-old female came to our clinic with complaints of a tender lump just under her jaw on the left side and another lump in front of her left ear, ecchymosis around the eye and some redness in the eye at the same side. After administering antibiotic therapy for two days we suspected of tularemia and referred the patient to the Infectious Diseases Department. A serum sample was taken and a fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed. The patient was diagnosed with tularemia, the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud. Tularemia should also be kept in mind for differential diagnosis in patients with both ocular and glandular symptoms in endemic regions like Turkey and the appropriate therapy should be initiated immediately.
Subject(s)
Ocular Motility Disorders/diagnosis , Tularemia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , SyndromeABSTRACT
An 18-year-old female came to our clinic with complaints of a tender lump just under her jaw on the left side and another lump in front of her left ear, ecchymosis around the eye and some redness in the eye at the same side. After administering antibiotic therapy for two days we suspected of tularemia and referred the patient to the Infectious Diseases Department. A serum sample was taken and a fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed. The patient was diagnosed with tularemia, the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud. Tularemia should also be kept in mind for differential diagnosis in patients with both ocular and glandular symptoms in endemic regions like Turkey and the appropriate therapy should be initiated immediately.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Ocular Motility Disorders/diagnosis , Tularemia/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , SyndromeABSTRACT
This report describes present concepts related to biological terrorism with special reference to he factibility of bioterrorist' attack in Argenina
Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Pollutants , Bioterrorism , Carbuncle , Containment of Biohazards , Health Infrastructure , Plague , Pollution Indicators , Smallpox , Tularemia , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Argentina , VaccinationABSTRACT
This report describes present concepts related to biological terrorism with special reference to he factibility of bioterrorist attack in Argenina(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Bioterrorism/history , Biological Pollutants , Containment of Biohazards , Pollution Indicators , Carbuncle , Smallpox , Plague , Tularemia , Health Infrastructure , Vaccination , Anti-Bacterial Agents , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Ticks are ectoparasites that cause dermatologic disease directly by their bite and indirectly as vectors of bacterial, rickettsial, protozoal, and viral diseases. In North America, where ticks are the leading cause of vector-borne infection, dermatologists should recognize several tick species. Basic tick biology and identification will be reviewed. Tick bites cause a variety of acute and chronic skin lesions. The tick-borne diseases include Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fever, tularemia, babesiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, other spotted fevers, ehrlichiosis, Colorado tick fever, and others. The epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases are reviewed with an emphasis on cutaneous manifestations. Finally, the prevention of diseases caused by ticks is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Animals , Babesiosis/diagnosis , Babesiosis/epidemiology , Ticks/classification , Comorbidity , Skin Diseases , Diagnosis, Differential , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Lyme Disease/diagnosis , Lyme Disease/epidemiology , Tick-Borne Diseases , Education, Medical, Continuing , Ehrlichiosis/diagnosis , Ehrlichiosis/epidemiology , United States/epidemiology , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever , Relapsing Fever/diagnosis , Relapsing Fever/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Prognosis , Tularemia/diagnosis , Tularemia/epidemiology , Disease VectorsABSTRACT
Con el creciente reto de que los agentes biológicos se utilicen afectando a toda la población, el impacto para los laboratorios clínicos es más directo. Si ocurriera un evento bioterrorista el laboratorio clínico promedio podría ser fundamental para ayudar a detectar e identificar al agente biológico utilizado y alertar a las autoridades. Aunque Bacillus anthracis y el virus de la viruela han recibido la mayor publicidad como agentes de guerra biológica, el término de agente biológico se aplica a un diverso grupo de microorganismos, así como a toxinas, plantas y animales.Esta revisión traza los orígenes de los agentes de guerra biológica y describe la percepción actual del reto que suponen tales agentes, el papel que podrían jugar los laboratorios clínicos, y los aspectos clínicos y microbiológicos de los agentes que tienen las mayores posibilidades de ser utilizados con este propósito.
Subject(s)
Terrorist Assault , Biological Warfare , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Tularemia , Smallpox , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral , Botulinum Toxins, Type AABSTRACT
Esta rápida revisión tiene por objeto actualizar los conocimientos actuales acerca de los principales agentes biológicos y químicos disponibles, con los que eventualmente podría contar el bioterrorismo. Es necesario conocer las bases de la sospecha diagnóstica clínica: las medidas de protección y los recursos terapéuticos disponibles (antídotos, vacunas, antitoxinas, antibióticos, etc.). Por último, los acontecimientos recientes inducen no sólo a adjuntar conocimientos y recursos profilácticos y curativos, sino que también a meditar acerca del destino de la humanidad, promovido por los inmensos progresos científicos y tecnológicos de las últimas décadas
Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Warfare , Terrorist Assault , Anthrax , Carbuncle/transmission , Botulism , Plague , Smallpox , Terrorism , TularemiaABSTRACT
Artigo recente, publicado no The Medical Letter (41(1046):15,1999), analisa um aspecto curioso e assustador ao mesmo tempo: a transformaçäo de microorganismos em armas, para serem usados em um conflito bélico, entre países inimigos. Como isso poderia vir a acontecer? A verdade é que agentes etiológicos de doenças potencialmente letais, que já foram ou estäo sendo controladas, permanecem disponíveis, conservados em laboratórios situados nas maiores potências mundiais, provavelmente nos Estados Unidos, na Rússia e, quem sabe, ainda em muitos outros países com poderio considerado menor
Subject(s)
Biological Contamination , Biological Warfare , Brucellosis , Communicable Diseases , Plague , Tularemia , SmallpoxSubject(s)
Humans , Cat-Scratch Disease/diagnosis , Coccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/etiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , Sporotrichosis/diagnosis , Tularemia/diagnosis , Fungi/pathogenicity , Lymphadenitis/pathology , Lymphadenitis/physiopathology , Lymphangitis/etiologySubject(s)
Humans , Sporotrichosis/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Nocardia Infections/diagnosis , Coccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Tularemia/diagnosis , Cat-Scratch Disease/diagnosis , Lymphadenitis/etiology , Lymphadenitis/physiopathology , Lymphadenitis/pathology , Fungi/pathogenicity , Lymphangitis/etiologySubject(s)
Acrodynia/diagnosis , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Aniline Compounds/poisoning , Cyanosis/chemically induced , Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis , Tick Paralysis/diagnosis , Tularemia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cyanosis/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Infant Care , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
La tularemia es una enfermedad infecciosa mortal de animales silvestres como conejos y castores. Fue considerada como una enfermedad "pestosa" por atacar súbitamente a grandes hatos de animales silvestres. Accidentalmente pasa al hombre por lo que debe clasificársele como una zoonosis; es una enfermedad de tipo ocupacional en veterinarios, comerciantes de animales y cazadores. La tularemia se conoce también como linfadenitis pestosa, conjuntivitis tularensis, enfermedad de Francis, fiebre de la mosca de establo, enfermedad de O'hara, fiebre del conejo y enfermedad de la mosca del venado. La vacunación contra la tularemia debe efectuarse en sujetos en riesgo, sobre todo en los empleados de laboratorio que trabajan con la cepa viva virulenta. En las regiones enzoóticas de tularemia también se recomienda la vacunación de los individuos cuyas ocupaciones les haga estar en contacto frecuente con animales silvestres o sus antrópodos. La primera vacuna contra la tularemia fue obtenida por Foshay y col. en 1942. La vacuna atenuada soviética "Ondatra 4" fue obtenida por Olsufev en 1949 y se atenuó a través de 405 pases en cobayos. A partir de la cepa atenuada soviética, en los Estados Unidos se encontró que al cultivarse se obtenían dos tipos de colonias, de las cuales la inmunogénica era de color blanco o azul, si se le observaba con luz oblicua. Las colonias "azules" sirvieron para desarrollar en 1961 la cepa LVS, que es la actualmente utilizada
Subject(s)
Humans , Tularemia/prevention & control , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Tularemia/immunology , Tularemia/veterinaryABSTRACT
A 64-year-old man had community-acquired pneumonia that was retrospectively diagnosed as pleuropulmonary tularemia. He was successfully treated with erythromycin. We review the case and briefly discuss the literature on this point.