ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) are associated with the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and γ-hydroxy-1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG) is a promutagenic DNA adduct derived from LPO. This study aimed to examine the relationship between γ-OHPdG and the progression of liver carcinogenesis. METHODS: Primary HCC specimens were obtained from 228 patients and cirrhosis specimens from 46 patients. The patients were followed up with after surgery via outpatient visits and telephone calls. The levels of γ-OHPdG were determined by immunohistochemical analysis in the carcinomatous tissues together with adjacent and cirrhosis tissues. RESULTS: γ-OHPdG levels in the cancerous tissues were significantly higher compared to adjacent tissues (P < 0.001) and also higher than the ones from the tissues of cirrhosis patients. Along with tumor size, histological grade, MVI grade, T stage, the percentage of ki67-positive cells and HCC progression, γ-OHPdG levels in cancerous tissues showed a gradually increasing trend. Moreover, prognostic analysis showed that higher γ-OHPdG levels in cancerous tissues were strongly correlated with lower overall survival (P < 0.001), lower intrahepatic recurrence-free survival (P < 0.001) and lower distant metastasis-free survival (P < 0.05). There was a trend, although not statistically significant, of increased levels of γ-OHPdG in cirrhosis cases that advanced to HCC, whereas γ-OHPdG levels reversely correlated with the period of time observed for cirrhosis advanced to HCC. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that γ-OHPdG is a prognostic biomarker for predicting outcomes in HCC, and may serve as a prospective indicator for predicting HCC in cirrhosis patients.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Liver Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , DNA Adducts , Prognosis , Lipid Peroxidation , Prospective Studies , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Biomarkers , Biomarkers, Tumor/geneticsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Posture is directly related to body balance, and both have great importance in movement. Body posture is affected by several human body factors in space, and neuromuscular athletes' rehabilitation methods should be designed for an optimal return of postural stability. Objective: Explore the effects of neuromuscular treatment on postural balance rehabilitation of athletes' ankle injuries. Methods: 20 athletes with functional ankle instability were randomized into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received neuromuscular treatment. The control group maintained standard muscle strength and joint activity rehabilitation exercises. The effects of two rehabilitative procedures were compared by Cumberland ankle instability assessment questionnaire, T-type agility test, and Sargent vertical jump test. Results: Agility after exercise was significantly lower than those before exercise by 0.8 versus 1s; there was no significant difference between the two groups before the experiment. Agility test results of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (2s). Sargent's vertical jump test results were significantly different from those before the exercise (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The postural balance showed good recovery with the neuromuscular treatment and the rehabilitation method of the athletes after the ankle injury. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.
RESUMO Introdução: A postura está diretamente relacionada ao equilíbrio corporal e ambos têm grande importância no movimento. A postura corporal é afetada por vários fatores do corpo humano no espaço e os métodos de reabilitação neuromuscular em atletas devem ser delineados para um retorno otimizado da estabilidade postural. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do tratamento neuromuscular sobre o equilíbrio postural na reabilitação de lesão no tornozelo de atletas. Métodos: 20 atletas com instabilidade funcional do tornozelo foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e grupo controle. O grupo experimental recebeu tratamento neuromuscular, enquanto o grupo controle permaneceu com exercícios de reabilitação de força muscular e atividade articular padrão. Os efeitos de dois procedimentos de reabilitação na instabilidade funcional do tornozelo foram comparados pelo questionário de avaliação da instabilidade do tornozelo de Cumberland, teste de agilidade do tipo T e teste de salto vertical de Sargent. Resultados: Os resultados do teste t de agilidade após o exercício foram significativamente menores do que os anteriores ao exercício em 0,8 contra 1s; não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos antes do experimento. Os resultados dos testes de agilidade do grupo experimental foram significativamente inferiores aos do grupo controle (2s). Os resultados do teste de salto vertical de Sargent foram significativamente diferentes daqueles anteriores ao exercício (P < 0,01). Conclusão: O equilíbrio postural apresentou boa recuperação com o tratamento neuromuscular e com o método de reabilitação dos atletas após a lesão do tornozelo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.
RESUMEN Introducción: La postura está directamente relacionada con el equilibrio corporal y ambos tienen gran importancia en el movimiento. La postura corporal se ve afectada por varios factores del cuerpo humano en el espacio y los métodos de rehabilitación neuromuscular en los deportistas deben diseñarse para un retorno óptimo de la estabilidad postural. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del tratamiento neuromuscular sobre el equilibrio postural en la rehabilitación de lesiones de tobillo en atletas. Métodos: 20 atletas con inestabilidad funcional del tobillo fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo experimental y un grupo de control. El grupo experimental recibió un tratamiento neuromuscular, mientras que el grupo de control permaneció con ejercicios estándar de rehabilitación de la fuerza muscular y la actividad articular. Se compararon los efectos de dos procedimientos de rehabilitación sobre la inestabilidad funcional del tobillo mediante el cuestionario de evaluación de la inestabilidad del tobillo de Cumberland, la prueba de agilidad tipo T y la prueba de salto vertical de Sargent. Resultados: Los resultados de la prueba t de agilidad después del ejercicio fueron significativamente inferiores a los de antes del ejercicio en 0,8 frente a 1s; no hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos antes del experimento. Los resultados de la prueba de agilidad del grupo experimental fueron significativamente inferiores a los del grupo de control (2s). Los resultados de la prueba de salto vertical de Sargent fueron significativamente diferentes de los obtenidos antes del ejercicio (P < 0,01). Conclusión: El equilibrio postural mostró una buena recuperación con el tratamiento neuromuscular y con el método de rehabilitación de los atletas tras la lesión del tobillo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.