Evaluating the effectiveness of university agricultural extension test stations using Wuli-Shili-Renli methodology / Avaliação da eficácia de estações de teste de extensão agrícola universitária usando a metodologia Wuli-Shili-Renli

ABSTRACT: Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) methodology was used to assess the effects of systematic management on university agricultural extension test stations, in order to understand areas for further optimization. We developed a framework model and evaluation index system, of which, the weights of the evaluation index system were determined using AHP. Using an agricultural extension test station of Hebei Agricultural University as an example, we interviewed and surveyed in total of 225 university extension experts from nine test stations. Assessment showed that the test station system organization produces desirable societal benefits and improvements. In addition, the organizational structure and job allocation were found to act as high-impact factors in improving the optimal system function, with the university extension experts functional better in the incentive and guarantee mechanism than other factors. Our investigation validated that the university extension experts were critical in designing the incentives and evaluation programs.

RESUMO: A metodologia Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) foi usada para avaliar os efeitos do manejo sistemático nas estações de teste de extensão agrícola da universidade, a fim de entender as áreas para maior otimização. Desenvolvemos um modelo de estrutura e um sistema de índices de avaliação, dos quais os pesos do sistema de índices de avaliação foram determinados com o AHP. Usando uma estação de teste de extensão agrícola da Universidade Agrícola de Hebei como exemplo, entrevistamos um total de 225 especialistas em extensão universitária de nove estações de teste. A avaliação mostrou que a organização do sistema da estação de teste produz benefícios e melhorias sociais desejáveis. Além disso, verificou-se que a estrutura organizacional e a alocação de cargos atuam como fatores de alto impacto na melhoria da função ótima do sistema, com os especialistas em extensão universitária funcionando melhor no mecanismo de incentivo e garantia do que outros fatores. Nossa investigação validou que os especialistas em extensão universitária eram críticos no desenho dos incentivos e programas de avaliação.

Facile loading of cobalt oxide on bismuth vanadate: Proved construction of p-n junction for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Cobalt oxide is an excellent water oxidation cocatalyst used in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting field. Finding a facial way to load cobalt oxide on a semiconductor anode is important to effectively realize PEC water splitting on a large scale. In this work, a simple impregnation and calcination method is developed to fabricate CoOx/BiVO4 anode. The constructed CoOx/BiVO4 anode provides a photocurrent of 3.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, about 2.8 times that of BiVO4 anode (1.1 mA cm-2). Furthermore, both the charge separation and injection efficiency are improved by loading CoOx nanoparticles onto the BiVO4 layer. Importantly, input voltage-output current characteristic curves are used for the first time to prove the formation of p-n junction between CoOx and BiVO4, which benefits to the separation of photogenerated holes and electrons. All results indicate that the impregnation and calcination method is efficacious for facile fabrication of CoOx/BiVO4 photoanode with high performance.