Social conditions impact functional outcome in patients with hand osteoarthritis: the low-income hand osteoarthritis (LIHOA) cohort.

BACKGROUND: Hand osteoarthritis (HOA) is a highly prevalent disease that may be impacted by social inequalities. Few studies in HOA are from underdeveloped regions. We intend to contribute to fill this gap presenting clinical characteristics of our low-income HOA cohort (LIHOA). METHODS: Data from 119 patients with a HOA diagnosis fulfilling ACR criteria seen between August 2019 and May 2023 in Fortaleza/Brazil. Evaluations included pain (VAS, visual analogue scale), X-ray (KL, Kellgren-Lawrence), grip and pinch strength (KgF), Cochin hand functional scale (CHFS), FIHOA, and SF-12 scores. Social data included monthly (<1, 1≥/<3, ≥3 MW) minimum wage earnings, occupation, and literacy [4 IF nodes. OA in other joints: 37 (36.2%) spine, 28 (29.4%) knee, 21 (20.5%) bunions. Functional impairment was mild [8 (5-14) median FIHOA]. Median serum CRP was 0.2 mg/dL (0.1-0.4) with 14 (20%) patients above reference value. Mean total KL score was 27.6 ± 13.6 with 21 (23%), 38 (41.7%), and 33 (36.2%) KL2, KL3, and KL4, respectively; 51 (54.8%) and 42 (45.2%) patients declared 9SY including 37.2% with a university degree. Individuals earning <3 MW had lower pinch (p < 0.004) and grip strength (p < 0.01), and higher FIHOA scores (p < 0.007), as compared to ≥3 MW earning group. Literacy or occupation did not impact outcome. SYSADOA were used by 13 (12.7%), 6 used oral and 3 topical anti-inflammatory drugs and 2 used 5 mg/d prednisone. CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics in our LIHOA cohort mirror those reported in affluent regions. Socioeconomic disparities influenced functional outcome in LIHOA cohort.

Global mapping survey research on physiotherapeutic interventions for osteoarthritis: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Physiotherapists provide non-pharmacological conservative treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) using a wide spectrum of interventions. Previous surveys have identified global physiotherapy OA management practices. However, no review to date summarises the scope and findings of these studies. This article describes a scoping review protocol to map the surveys investigating physiotherapeutic interventions offered to patients with OA to identify the treatment interventions currently used for OA, the physiotherapists' attributes and organisational practice factors potentially associated with the choice of these interventions and to detect knowledge-practice gaps in the provision of physiotherapeutic interventions in OA treatment, contributing to guiding future research on this topic. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a protocol for a scoping review that will be based on Arksey and O'Malley scoping review methodology and the methodological guidance for conducting scoping reviews published by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Relevant articles will be searched using the following databases: Medline (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Surveys studies addressing physiotherapeutic interventions offered to patients with OA will be included. Study will be selected through title/abstract and full-text screening stages and data will be extracted using an instrument based on the model available in the JBI Manual. The findings will be summarised using descriptive statistics according to our research questions. This review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. Review findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, scientific conference presentations and scientific meetings. STUDY REGISTRATION: This protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/J3RBT).

Chondroitin Sulfate for Cartilage Regeneration, Administered Topically Using a Nanostructured Formulation.

In the pharmaceutical sector, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are vital for drug delivery incorporating a lipid core. Chondroitin sulfate (CHON) is crucial for cartilage health. It is often used in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Due to conflicting results from clinical trials on CHON's efficacy in OA treatment, there has been a shift toward exploring effective topical systems utilizing nanotechnology. This study aimed to optimize a solid lipid nanoparticle formulation aiming to enhance CHON permeation for OA therapy. A 3 × 3 × 2 Design of these experiments determined the ideal parameters: a CHON concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, operating at 20,000 rpm speed, and processing for 10 min for SLN production. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the nanoparticles' spherical morphology, ensuring crucial uniformity for efficient drug delivery. Cell viability assessments showed no significant cytotoxicity within the tested parameters, indicating a safe profile for potential clinical application. The cell internalization assay indicates successful internalization at 1.5 h and 24 h post-treatment. Biopharmaceutical studies supported SLNs, indicating them to be effective CHON carriers through the skin, showcasing improved skin permeation and CHON retention compared to conventional methods. In summary, this study successfully optimized SLN formulation for efficient CHON transport through pig ear skin with no cellular toxicity, highlighting SLNs' potential as promising carriers to enhance CHON delivery in OA treatment and advance nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies in pharmaceutical formulations.

Unveiling MRI-based structural phenotypes in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: implications for clinical practice and research.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease characterized by the gradual degradation of cartilage, remodeling of subchondral bone, synovitis, and chronic pain. This condition impacts various large and small joints, including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, addressing OA, particularly in impeding or reducing disease progression, is challenging due to its clinical and imaging heterogeneity. Authors are increasingly suggesting that this heterogeneity involves different phenotypes or subpopulations, discernible by variations in the disease's pathophysiology and structural manifestations. Even within the TMJ, these phenotypes may display distinct clinical features, laboratory parameters, biochemical markers, and imaging criteria. Recent research has proposed MRI as a reference standard for TMJ OA, highlighting its substantial agreement with histopathological changes. MRI-based phenotypes offer a promising avenue for understanding disease progression and treatment response, potentially providing valuable insights for prognosis and treatment planning. OBJECTIVE: This article introduces the ROAMES-TMJ (Rapid OsteoArthritis MRI Eligibility Score for TMJ) to assess the structural eligibility of individuals for inclusion in TMJ OA clinical trials.

Intra-articular and intraosseous approach to temporomandibular joint-targeted injections: a cadaveric investigation.

PURPOSE: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) management is complex, and several conservative and minimally invasive protocols have been proposed. Intra-articular injections of medications directed at OA have been performed, but in some cases, these medications do not directly contact the tissue lesion sites. Here, we propose a new real-time ultrasound-guided technique to inject medications directly into the subchondral bone. METHODS: Ultrasound image screening was carried out with the point-of-care Clarius L15 device. Then, with the patient's mouth closed, a stainless-steel cannula with a concentric trocar was US-guided using an in-plane approach until the perforating tip of the internal trocar touched the lateral pole of the mandibular condyle. Then, the trocar was inserted through the medullary bone, where a posterior injection was made. RESULTS: The technique's precision was confirmed by capturing an iodine contrast solution that imaged the medullary condyle of fresh anatomical specimens processed by computed tomography. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique was effective in accessing the mandibular condyle subchondral bone in the inferior TMJ space for the simultaneously intra-articular (IA) and intra-osseous (IO) in-plane US-guided injections. Thus, its implementation may represent an important advance in early TMJ-OA treatment. This may be a promising approach, especially in OA cases in which the cortical bone is still preserved.

Can treatment with chondroitin and glucosamine sulphate prevent changes in the articular disc caused by temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis?

BACKGROUND: Chondroitin and glucosamine sulphates (CGS) are considered structure-modifying drugs and have been studied in the prevention, delay or reversal of structural morphological changes in joints caused by osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the action of CGS on the progression of chemically induced osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rabbits by evaluating the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and collagen in the articular discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 36 male rabbits was divided into three groups: control (CG), osteoarthritis (OG) and treatment (TG). The disease was induced by intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (10 mg/mL) in the OG and TG groups bilaterally. After 10 days, the TG animals received subcutaneous injection of chondroitin sulphates and glucosamine (7.5 mg/kg) and the OG and CG received saline solution (50 µL). Euthanasia times were subdivided into 40 and 100 days. Collagen quantification was performed by biochemical and histological analysis and for the quantification of serum levels of TNF-α, an enzyme immunoassay was used. RESULTS: The TG showed an increase in the collagen area of the articular disc when compared to the CG and the OG. The increase collagen concentration in the discs did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups. Post-treatment TNF-α levels were significantly lower in TG compared to OG. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that CGS treatment delayed the degeneration of the collagen in the TMJ articular disc and reduced serum TNF-α levels, indicating a preventive effect on OA progression.

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis in Adult Women: A Functional Approach to the Stomatognathic System.

Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis both affect the articular cartilage, and are characterized by signs and symptoms that can affect the functions of the human body. This cross-sectional observational study evaluated electromyographic activity in the masseter and temporalis muscles, molar bite force, and mandibular mobility in adult women with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. A total of 42 women were distributed into 3 groups: rheumatoid arthritis group (ARG, n=14); osteoarthritis group (OAG, n=14); and a healthy control group (CG, n=14). Electromyography was used to evaluate mandibular tasks at rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, and dental clenching during maximum voluntary contraction, with and without parafilm, and a dynamometer was used to analyse the right and left molar bite forces. A digital caliper was used to measure the range of mandibular movement for maximum mouth opening, right and left laterality, and protrusion. Statistical analyses were performed, including analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P<0.05). Electromyography showed no significant differences between the groups when evaluating the masticatory muscles during the mandibular tasks. Significant difference was observed between the ARG and CG, however, in the maximum right (P=0.007) and left (P=0.02) molar bite forces. Significant difference was observed in the maximum mouth opening of the ARG and OAG groups compared with that of the CG (P=0.009), suggesting that adult women with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis experience functional alterations in the stomatognathic system, particularly in molar bite force and maximum mouth opening.

Anthropometric study of the scapula in a contemporary population from granada. Sex estimation and glenohumeral osteoarthritis prevalence.

Anthropometric studies of the scapula have been rare in Spanish populations, nevertheless they are of current interest in forensic anthropology for estimation of sex. Although the estimation of sex is usually carried out on the pelvis and skull, other measurements related to the scapula can be helpful when the skeletal remains are incomplete. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis development is influenced, among others, by the morphology of the scapula, which is one of the less studied aspects. We carried out a descriptive study of anthropometric parameters in a series of 157 scapulae (82 individuals) on bone remains dated to the 20th century from a population of Granada (Southern Spain). Seventy seven (49%) were right-side and 80 (51%) left-side; 72 (45.9%) were from males and 85 (54.1%) from females, and the mean age at death was 70.76±11.7 years. The objective was to develop a discrimination function for sex estimation based on anthropometric parameters of the scapula other than those considered to date, and to analyze the prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis in relation to selected anthropometric parameters. A logistic regression model based on parameters of the upper-external segment of the scapula was done. The obtained formula: 1/1+e^ (- (-57.911 + 0.350*B + 0283*C + 0.249*b + 0.166*a +-0.100*ß) classifies male sex with 98.3% accuracy and female sex with 92.1%. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis was detected in 16.6% of individuals and was related to age (p<0.05), scapular length (p<0.05), glenoid width (p<0.05), glenopolar angle (p<0.05), and α angle (p<0.05) in bivariate analyses but showed no significant associations in multivariate analyses. This approach can be useful for anthropological-forensic identification when scapula remains are incomplete. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is significantly associated with a smaller α angle.

Daytime Functional Usage Versus Night-Time Wearing: Identifying the Optimal Wearing Regimen for a Custom-Made Orthosis in the Treatment of Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the functional (daytime) use to the nightly use of an orthosis for patients affected by trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Randomized, controlled single-blind trial. SETTING: The rheumatology outpatient clinic of the University. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty participants diagnosed with trapeziometacarpal OA. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups: a functional group that used a functional hand-based thumb immobilization orthosis during activities of daily living and a night-time group that used the same orthosis at night. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The patients were evaluated at baseline and after 45, 90, 180, and 360 days considering: pain at the base of the thumb and in the hand, range of motion of the thumb, grip, and pinch strength, manual dexterity, and hand function. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous at the beginning of the trial. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups over time for trapeziometacarpal pain (P=.646). For general hand pain, no statistically significant difference was found between groups over time (P=.594). Although both groups improved from baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the vast majority of the assessed parameters. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found only in the following outcomes: thumb palmar abduction of the right hand (P=.023), pick-up test with closed eyes of the right hand (P=.048), and tripod grip strength of the right hand (P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: Both groups showed improvement in pain and function from baseline to the end of the intervention. However, there were no reported differences in these outcomes after a 1-year follow-up between the functional (daytime) and night-time use of orthosis in patients with trapeziometacarpal OA. This suggests that both types of usage can be offered to patients.

The current insights of mitochondrial hormesis in the occurrence and treatment of bone and cartilage degeneration.

It is widely acknowledged that aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular phenotypic abnormalities are intricately associated with the degeneration of bone and cartilage. Consequently, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory patterns governing mitochondrial function and its underlying mechanisms holds promise for mitigating the progression of osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, and osteoporosis. Mitochondrial hormesis, referred to as mitohormesis, represents a cellular adaptive stress response mechanism wherein mitochondria restore homeostasis and augment resistance capabilities against stimuli by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), orchestrating unfolded protein reactions (UPRmt), inducing mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDP), instigating mitochondrial dynamic changes, and activating mitophagy, all prompted by low doses of stressors. The varying nature, intensity, and duration of stimulus sources elicit divergent degrees of mitochondrial stress responses, subsequently activating one or more signaling pathways to initiate mitohormesis. This review focuses specifically on the effector molecules and regulatory networks associated with mitohormesis, while also scrutinizing extant mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to bone and cartilage degeneration through oxidative stress damage. Additionally, it underscores the potential of mechanical stimulation, intermittent dietary restrictions, hypoxic preconditioning, and low-dose toxic compounds to trigger mitohormesis, thereby alleviating bone and cartilage degeneration.

Electro-acupuncture modulated miR-214 expression to prevent chondrocyte apoptosis and reduce pain by targeting BAX and TRPV4 in osteoarthritis rats.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation, and meniscal damage. Although the etiology of OA is multifactorial, pro-inflammatory processes appear to play a key role in disease pathogenesis. Previous studies indicate that electroacupuncture (EA) exerts chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects in preclinical models of OA, but the mechanisms underlying these potential therapeutic benefits remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EA on OA development in a rat model, as well as to explore associated molecular mechanisms modulated by EA treatment. Forty rats were divided into OA, EA, antagomiR-214, and control groups. Following intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate to induce OA, EA and antagomiR-214 groups received daily EA stimulation at acupoints around the knee joint for 21 days. Functional pain behaviors and chondrocyte apoptosis were assessed as outcome measures. The expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214) and its downstream targets involved in apoptosis and nociception, BAX and TRPV4, were examined. Results demonstrated that EA treatment upregulated miR-214 expression in OA knee cartilage. By suppressing pro-apoptotic BAX and pro-nociceptive TRPV4, this EA-induced miR-214 upregulation ameliorated articular pain and prevented chondrocyte apoptosis. These findings suggested that miR-214 plays a key role mediating EA's therapeutic effects in OA pathophysiology, and represents a promising OA treatment target for modulation by acupuncture.

Down-regulation of long noncoding RNA HOXA11-AS nullifies the impact of microRNA-506-3p on chondrocytes proliferation and apoptosis in osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: This study was directed towards exploring the impacts of lncRNA HOXA11-AS-mediated microRNA (miR)-506-3p on chondrocytes proliferation and apoptosis in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: The articular cartilages were provided by OA patients who received total knee arthroplasty, and Human Chondrocyte (HC)-OA (HCOA) was also attained. The miR-506-3p and HOXA11-AS expressions in articular cartilages from OA patients and HCOA cells were analyzed via qPCR. After gain- and loss-of-function assays in HCOA cells, MTT assay and flow cytometry (FC) were used for assessing cell viability and apoptosis, accordingly. The levels of PIK3CA, AKT, and mTOR as well as AKT and mTOR phosphorylation levels assessed using western blotting (WB). The targeting correlation of HOXA11-AS and miR-506-3p as well as miR-506-3p and PIK3CA was assessed through Dual-Luciferase Reporter gene Assay (DLRA). RESULT: The articular cartilages from OA patients and Human Chondrocyte (HC)-OA (HCOA) cells showed increased HOXA11-AS and decreased miR-506-3p. Mechanistically, HOXA11-AS was capable of binding to miR-506-3p to increase PIK3CA, the target gene of miR-506-3p. miR-506-3p suppression facilitated HCOA cell proliferation and reduced their apoptosis, which was nullified by further silencing HOXA11-AS or silencing PIK3CA. The down-regulation of HOXA11-AS disrupted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which was counteracted by further miR-506-3p inhibition. CONCLUSION: The silencing of HOXA11-AS might block the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through miR-506-3p up-regulation, thereby restricting HCOA cell proliferation and provoking apoptosis.

[Treatment of osteitis pubis: arthrodesis with a new technique regarding two cases and review of the literature]. / Tratamiento de la osteítis del pubis: artrodesis con nueva técnica a propósito de dos casos y revisión de la literatura.

INTRODUCTION: pain in the pubic symphysis, even if studied in athletes, still sets out diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in other patient groups. Within this context, refractory osteorthritis of the pubic symphysis presents itself as an issue lacking clear therapeutic consensus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: two women over 65 years old and presenting osteoarthritis of the pubic symphysis were evaluated. Following unsuccessful conventional therapies, arthrodesis via subpubic plate, wire suture and autologous graft from the iliac crest was performed. RESULTS: after a one-year of following, both patients experienced clinical and radiographic improvement. Bone arthrodesis was achieved without significant complications, proving to be a viable surgical option. CONCLUSION: this study supports the medium and long-term efficacy of arthrodesis of the pubic symphysis in refractory cases of osteoarthrisis. Therefore, the technique can be considered a surgical option in the management of said condition.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el dolor en la sínfisis púbica, aunque estudiado en atletas, plantea desafíos diagnósticos y terapéuticos en otros grupos. En este contexto, la artrosis refractaria de la sínfisis púbica se presenta como un problema sin consenso terapéutico claro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se evaluaron dos mujeres mayores de 65 años con artrosis de la sínfisis púbica. Tras terapias convencionales infructuosas, se optó por la artrodesis mediante placa suprapúbica, sutura alámbrica e injerto óseo autólogo de la rama íleo-púbica. RESULTADOS: después de un año de seguimiento, ambas pacientes experimentaron mejoría clínica y radiográfica. La artrodesis se consolidó sin complicaciones evidentes, proporcionando una opción quirúrgica viable. CONCLUSIÓN: este estudio respalda la eficacia a medio y largo plazo de la artrodesis de la sínfisis púbica en casos refractarios de artrosis. La técnica utilizada puede considerarse como una opción quirúrgica eficaz en el manejo de esta condición.

An Assessment of Ankle Function, Oxidative Damage, and Inflammatory Factor Levels in Minimally Invasive Ankle Joint Fusion Surgery for the Treatment of Traumatic Ankle Osteoarthritis

SUMMARY: Traumatic ankle osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition resulting from traumatic injuries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive ankle joint fusion surgery on ankle function, oxidative damage, and inflammatory factor levels in traumatic ankle osteoarthritis patients. A total of 112 traumatic ankle osteoarthritis patients treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled. They were randomly rolled into a control group (Group C) and an experimental group (Group E), with the former undergoing conventional open ankle joint fusion surgery and the latter receiving minimally invasive ankle joint fusion surgery. A comparison was made between the two groups based on American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), bony fusion rates, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores at pre-operation, and at 1, 2, and 3 months post-operation. Additionally, serum oxidative damage indicators and inflammatory factor levels were measured to evaluate the recovery effects in both groups. Relative to Group C, Group E showed drastically increased AOFAS scores and bony fusion rates (P<0.05), as well as greatly decreased VAS scores (P<0.05). Moreover, Group E exhibited more pronounced improvements in oxidative damage indicators and inflammatory factors versus Group C (P<0.05). Minimally invasive ankle joint fusion surgery drastically improves ankle function in traumatic ankle osteoarthritis patients and reduces levels of oxidative damage and inflammatory response. This provides an important clinical treatment option.

La osteoartritis traumática del tobillo es una afección degenerativa resultante de lesiones traumáticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva de fusión de la articulación talocrural sobre la función del tobillo, el daño oxidativo y los niveles de factor inflamatorio en pacientes con osteoartritis traumática del tobillo. Se inscribieron un total de 112 pacientes con artrosis traumática de tobillo tratados en nuestro hospital desde enero de 2022 hasta enero de 2023. Fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo de control (Grupo C) y un grupo experimental (Grupo E), donde el primero se sometió a una cirugía de fusión de la articulación talocrural abierta convencional y el segundo recibió una cirugía de fusión de la articulación talocrural mínimamente invasiva. Se realizó una comparación entre los dos grupos según la Sociedad Estadounidense de Ortopedia de Pie y Tobillo (AOFAS), las tasas de fusión ósea y las puntuaciones de la escala visual analógica (EVA) antes de la operación y 1, 2 y 3 meses después de la operación. Además, se midieron los indicadores de daño oxidativo sérico y los niveles de factor inflamatorio para evaluar los efectos de la recuperación en ambos grupos. En relación con el grupo C, el grupo E mostró puntuaciones AOFAS y tasas de fusión ósea drásticamente aumentadas (P <0,05), así como puntuaciones VAS muy disminuidas (P <0,05). Además, el grupo E exhibió mejoras más pronunciadas en los indicadores de daño oxidativo y factores inflamatorios en comparación con el grupo C (P <0,05). La cirugía de fusión de la articulación talocrural mínimamente invasiva mejora drásticamente la función del tobillo en pacientes con osteoartritis traumática del tobillo y reduce los niveles de daño oxidativo y la respuesta inflamatoria. Esto proporciona una importante opción de tratamiento clínico.

Mixed-Methods Study of Disability Self-Management in Mexican Americans With Osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Health disparities in osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes exist both in the occurrence and treatment of functional limitation and disability for Mexican Americans. Although the effect of self-management of chronic illness is well established, studies demonstrate little attention to self-management of function or disability, despite the strong potential effect on both and, consequently, on patients' lives. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study pilot was to develop and test key variable relationships for a measure of disability self-management among Mexican Americans. METHODS: In this sequential, two-phased, mixed-methods, biobehavioral pilot study of Mexican American women and men with OA, a culturally tailored measure of disability self-management was created, and initial relationships among key variables were explored. RESULTS: First, a qualitative study of 19 adults of Mexican American descent born in Texas (United States) or Mexico was conducted. The Mexican American Disability Self-Management Scale was created using a descriptive content analysis of interview data. The scale was tested and refined, resulting in 18 items and a descriptive frequency of therapeutic management efforts. Second, correlations between study variables were estimated: Disability and function were negatively correlated. Disability correlated positively with social support and activity effort. Disability correlated negatively with disability self-management, pain, and C-reactive protein. Function was positively correlated with age, pain, and depression. Liver enzymes (alanine transaminase) correlated positively with pain and anxiety. DISCUSSION: This mixed-methods study indicates directions for further testing and interventions for disability outcomes among Mexican Americans.

Tanshinone IIA alleviates IL-1ß-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation by regulating FBXO11 expression.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the pharmacological mechanism of Tanshinone IIA (TAN IIA) in the treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA), which provided a certain reference for further research and clinical application of Tan IIA in OA. METHODS: CHON-001 cells were stimulated with 10 µg/mL IL-1ß for 48 h and treated with 10 µM TAN IIA for 48 h. Cellular viability and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, and Cleaved caspase-3 was measured by Immunoblot assay and RT-qPCR. TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in CHON-001 cells were determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA. To further verify the effect of TAN IIA on OA, a rat model of OA in vivo was established by right anterior cruciate ligament transection. TAN IIA was administered at 50 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg for 7 weeks. The degree of cartilage destruction in OA rats was observed by TUNEL and HE staining. Cleaved caspase-3 and FBXO11 were measured by immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, and Immunoblot. TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in chondrocytes of OA rats were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: IL-1ß stimulated CHON-001 cell apoptosis and inflammation, and TAN IIA had anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects on IL-1ß-regulated CHON-001 cells. TAN IIA down-regulated FBXO11 and inhibited PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways, thereby alleviating apoptotic and inflammatory reactions in CHON-001 cells under IL-1ß treatment. Moreover, TAN IIA treatment improved chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammations in OA rats. CONCLUSION: TAN IIA inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways by down-regulating FBXO11 expression, alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation, and delays the progression of OA.

The effect of low dose intra-articular S(+) ketamine on osteoarthritis in rats: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the analgesic impact of S(+)-ketamine on pain behavior and synovial inflammation in an osteoarthritis (OA) model. METHODS: Animals were grouped as follows: OA-Saline (n = 24) and OA-Ketamine (n = 24), OA induced via intra-articular sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA); a Non-OA group (n = 24) served as the control. On the 7th day post OA induction, animals received either saline or S(+)-ketamine (0.5 mg.kg-1). Behavioral and histopathological assessments were conducted up to day 28. RESULTS: S(+)-ketamine reduced allodynia from day 7 to 28 and hyperalgesia from day 10 to 28. It notably alleviated weight distribution deficits from day 10 until the end of the study. Significant walking improvement was observed on day 14 in S(+)-ketamine-treated rats. Starting on day 14, OA groups showed grip force decline, which was countered by S(+)-ketamine on day 21. However, S(+)-ketamine did not diminish synovial inflammation. CONCLUSION: Low Intra-articular (IA) doses of S(+)-ketamine reduced MIA-induced OA pain but did not reverse synovial histopathological changes. IRB APPROVAL NUMBER: 23115 012030/2009-05.

Evaluating changes in the condylar head after orthognathic surgery with or without articular disc repositioning: a systematic review.

Failures in orthognathic surgery are associated with different factors, including those related to untreated or undiagnosed preoperative temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. This systematic review aimed to assess potential alterations in the condylar head following orthognathic surgery. A systematic search for randomised controlled trials and retrospective studies was performed. For inclusion in the review, studies had to meet the following eligibility criteria according to the PICO framework: Patients: patients with orthognathic deformity and temporomandibular dysfunction (or temporomandibular osteoarthritis); Intervention: patients submitted to orthognathic surgery concomitantly with TMJ disjunction; Control: patients undergoing only orthognathic surgery with or without presurgical data; and Outcome: changes in temporomandibular joint position and volume. Nine studies met all the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative analysis. The results of this review show that simultaneous articular disc repositioning and orthognathic surgery provide better results in patients with preoperatively diagnosed condylar osteoarthritic changes. In conclusion, condylar remodelling (resorption/deposition) and its extent are determined by the direction of condylar displacement during surgery. Other factors such as age are also associated with the development of condylar resorption.

Intraarticular monomethyl fumarate as a perspective therapy for osteoarthritis by macrophage polarization.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that may lead to joint structure degeneration, cartilage destruction, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone disruption, and pain. In this scenario, a higher proportion of the proinflammatory macrophage type 1 (M1) than the anti-inflammatory macrophage type 2 (M2) could be highlighted as a hallmark of OA progression. The balance between these two macrophage types emerges as a new therapeutic target in OA. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesia and macrophage profile in the treatment of experimental osteoarthritis (EOA) with systemic dimethyl fumarate (DMF) or local intra-articular monomethyl fumarate (MMF). RESULTS: DMF via gavage or MMF via intra-articular in the right knee of EOA rats showed improvements in gait parameters and the nociceptive recovery of the mechanical threshold assessment by adapted electronic von Frey treatment on the twenty-first day (long-lasting phase). DMF treatment decreased proinflammatory TNF-α while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines from the macerated capsule on the fifth day (inflammatory phase). MMF treatment showed joint capsule mRNA extraction downregulating iNOS and TNF-α gene expression while upregulating IL-10 and MCP-1. However, CD206 was not significant but higher than untreated EOA rats' joints on the seventh day (inflammatory phase). CONCLUSIONS: Our studies with EOA model induced by MIA suggest a new perspective for human treatment committed with OA based on macrophage polarization as a therapeutic target, switching the proinflammatory profile M1 to the anti-inflammatory profile M2 with DMF systematic or by MMF locally treatment according to the OA severity.

Effects of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma on the inflammatory process and histopathological characteristics of cartilage and synovium in animals with osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) affects the entire joint, causing structural changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane, and periarticular muscles that afflicts millions of people globally, leading to persistent pain and diminished quality of life. The intra-articular use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is gaining recognition as a secure therapeutic approach due to its potential regenerative capabilities. However, there is controversial clinical data regarding efficacy of PRP for OA treatment. In this context, gathering scientific evidence on the effects of PRP in treating OA in animal models could provide valuable insights into understanding its impact on aspects like cartilage health, synovial tissue integrity, and the inflammatory process in affected joints. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of PRP injections on inflammation and histopathological aspects of cartilage and synovium in animal models of OA through a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS: A electronic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, and SciELO databases for relevant articles published until June 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was employed to synthesize evidence on the histological characteristics of cartilage and synovium, as well as the inflammatory process. The GRADE approach was utilized to categorize the quality of evidence, and methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE's RoB tool. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were included in the review, with twelve of them incorporated into the meta-analysis. PRP treatment demonstrated superior outcomes compared to the control group in terms of cartilage histology (very low quality; p = 0.0002), synovium histology (very low quality; p < 0.0001), and reductions in proinflammatory markers, including IL-1 (low quality; p = 0.002), IL-6 (very low quality; p < 0.00001), and TNF-α (very low; p < 0.00001). However, PRP treatment did not yield a significant impact on PDGF-A levels (very low quality; p = 0.81). CONCLUSION: PRP appears capable of reducing proinflammatory markers (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and mitigating cartilage and synovium damage in animals with OA. However, the levels of evidence of these findings are low to very low. Therefore, more rigorous studies with larger samples are needed to improve the quality of evidence. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022250314.