ABSTRACT
In 1978, the FDA Advisory Panel proposed both indoor and natural sunlight SPF testing methods but reverted to indoor testing only in 1993. Today's sunscreen sun protection and broad-spectrum claims are based on mandated clinical tests using solar simulators and in vitro spectrophotometers. This research evaluated the protection of 10 high-SPF (30-110), broad-spectrum sunscreen products, as well as 6 sun-protective fabrics against natural sunlight in Arequipa, Peru. Each of the 17 subjects was exposed to natural sunlight for 1 h and 59 min under clear skies, with temperatures and humidity similar to those in an indoor clinical laboratory. Test sites were photographed 16-24 h later. Four dermatologists evaluated the photographs for erythema and persistent pigment darkening (PPD). Perceptible sun-induced skin injury (sunburn and/or pigmentation) was detected at 97% of the sunscreen-protected scores. The most sun-sensitive subjects obtained the least erythema protection. The higher the SPF was, the higher the erythema protection, but the intensity of PPD was also higher. The 2 sunscreens using only FDA-approved sunscreen filters rated 30 SPF and 45+ SPF performed poorly: Eighty-one percent of the 136 scores were graded 1 minimal erythema dose or higher erythema, achieving, at a maximum, SPF of 5-7 in natural sunlight. Sun-protective fabrics tested provided excellent sun protection. The erythema and PPD observed through the sunscreens in less than 2 h are incongruous with the broad-spectrum, high-SPF sunscreen claims. Reapplying these sunscreens and staying in the sun longer, as stated on the product labels, would have subjected the subjects to even more UV exposure. High-SPF, broad-spectrum sunscreen claims based on indoor solar simulator testing do not agree with the natural sunlight protection test results.
Subject(s)
Protective Clothing/standards , Sun Protection Factor/methods , Sunlight/adverse effects , Sunscreening Agents/chemistry , Textiles/standards , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/standards , Erythema/etiology , Erythema/prevention & control , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Peru , Skin/drug effects , Skin/radiation effects , Skin Pigmentation/drug effects , Skin Pigmentation/radiation effects , Sun Protection Factor/standards , Sunscreening Agents/administration & dosage , Sunscreening Agents/standardsABSTRACT
These recommendations were created after the publication of informative note 3/2020- CGGAP/DESF/SAPS/MS, of April 4, 2020, in which the Brazilian Ministry of Health recommended the use of a cloth mask by the population, in public places. Taking into account the necessary prioritization of the provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for patients with suspected or confirmed disease, as well as for healthcare professionals, the SBN is favorable concerning the wear of cloth masks by chronic kidney patients in dialysis, in public settings, except in the dialysis setting. The present recommendations have eleven items, related to this rationale, the procedures, indications, contraindications, as well as appropriate fabrics for the mask, and hygiene care to be adopted. These recommendations may change, at any time, in the light of new evidence.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Masks/standards , Pandemics/prevention & control , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Renal Dialysis , Textiles , Brazil , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Personnel , Humans , Nephrology/standards , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Protective Clothing/standards , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , Societies, Medical , Urology Department, Hospital/standardsABSTRACT
CONTEXTO CLÍNICO: Los equipos de protección personal (EPP) son usados por el personal de salud para crear una barrera entre el paciente y el ambiente o un objeto, potencialmente contaminados por microorganismos. En enfermedades infecciosas es clave adoptar medidas preventivas de contagio y de mitigación en el manejo comunitario y nosocomial de casos. La enfermedad por el Coronavirus 2019 (COVID19, por su sigla en inglés Coronavirus Disease 2019) es una enfermedad respiratoria de humanos producida por un nuevo coronavirus identificado con la sigla SARS-CoV-2. El período de incubación de la infección es de 2 a 14 días. La mayor parte de los contagios se producen de persona a persona, siendo altamente transmisible. El cuadro clínico varía desde casos asintomáticos a cuadros febriles con tos y dificultad respiratoria, neumonía y distrés respiratorio. También puede acompañarse de alteraciones gastrointestinales. TECNOLOGÍA: Los equipos de protección personal pueden incluir barbijos, camisolines, mascaras filtrantes de alta eficiencia, máscaras faciales de acetato, guantes, cubrebotas descartables o de tela, y otros. En relación a los barbijos, se consideran aquellos descartables de una o dos capas (mascarillas protectoras), barbijos quirúrgicos (barbijos de 3 o 4 capas o barbijos tipo N95). Según la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT) de la Argentina, los barbijos son productos de polipropileno (PP). La estructura textil producida por entrelazado de fibras y/o filamentos continuos consolidados por medios mecánicos, químicos, térmicos o sus combinaciones y según los gramos de entretejidos, se define su utilidad y tipo de barbijo. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del presente informe es evaluar la evidencia disponible acerca de la eficacia, seguridad y aspectos relacionados con la esterilización y/o reuso de equipos de protección personal en la pandemia por COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas, en buscadores genéricos de internet, y financiadores de salud. Se priorizó la inclusión de revisiones sistemáticas (RS), ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados (ECAs), evaluaciones de tecnologías sanitarias (ETS), evaluaciones económicas, guías de práctica clínica (GPC) y recomendaciones de diferentes sistemas de salud. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron tres ETS, 11 GPC, y un comunicado del fabricante de insumos médicos 3M acerca de la esterilización y/o reuso de elementos de protección personal en la pandemia por COVID-19. CONCLUSIONES: No se encontraron estudios comparativos acerca de la eficacia y/o de la seguridad de la esterilización y/o reuso de los elementos de protección personal (EPP) para el personal de salud en la atención de pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 probable, sospechoso o confirmado, versus no tomar esas medidas. La necesidad de evaluar la posibilidad de esterilización y/o reuso de los EPP se basa en la situación crítica que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha puesto a los servicios de salud mundiales y en la necesidad de la conservación de los recursos necesarios para poder afrontar la pandemia. Los EPP usados por el personal de salud son fabricados para ser descartados después de su uso, luego de un tiempo determinado, según las recomendaciones de los fabricantes. El único estudio encontrado al momento de realizar este informe que evaluaba los métodos más frecuentes de esterilización sugeridos por las guías de buena práctica de manufactura (radiación ultravioleta, calor seco al 70°C, etanol al 70% y peróxido de hidrógeno vaporizado) sugirió que para los barbijos del tipo N95 el único método que podría reducir la contaminación sin afectar su funcionamiento es el peróxido de hidrógeno vaporizado. Las recomendaciones de organismos internacionales como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el Centro de Control de Infecciones estadounidense, de varios ministerios de salud de Europa y Latinoamérica sugieren que, a pesar de no existir evidencia, podrían adoptarse las siguientes medidas: uso extendido (uso más allá del tiempo recomendado por el fabricante) de las máscaras con filtro y barbijos tipo N95 (por hasta cinco días), reprocesamiento seguido de reutilización (después de la limpieza o esterilización) de estos elementos, o bien considerar elementos alternativos en comparación con los elementos estándar recomendados por la OMS. Estos procesos deben garantizar una desinfección y esterilización adecuada, la no toxicidad residual en el material y sobre todo integridad funcional (sistemas de filtrado y sistemas de ajuste). En la extensión del uso de los barbijos de cualquier tipo se sugiere que su uso podría ser continuo o intermitente entre 4 a 8 hs antes de ser desechado en bolsa roja. El ministerio de Salud de Argentina recomienda el descarte de barbijos tipo N95 a los 15 días de su uso o cuando éste se encuentre dañado o manchado. Con respecto a los camisolines se sugiere el reemplazo de telas descartables por telas lavables que soporten hasta 75 ciclos de lavados y desinfección, a cuyo uso se debe sumar el de delantales de plástico descartables.
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Gloves, Surgical/standards , Masks/standards , Protective Clothing/standards , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Cost-Benefit AnalysisABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: En epidemias de enfermedades altamente infecciosas, como la enfermedad del virus del Ébola o el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, los trabajadores de la salud tienen un riesgo mucho mayor de infección que la población en general, debido a su contacto con el cuerpo, fluido y aerosoles generados por los pacientes. Las precauciones de contacto medianteequipos de protección personal (EPP) pueden reducir el riesgo, pero existen distintos tipos y no está claro en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 si el mameluco o coverallprotege mejor que otros EPP. Surgen en el Sistema de Salud Pública de la Provincia deNeuquén dudas sobre, aspectos de seguridad, eficacia y conveniencia, cuál es la mejorforma de quitarlo y cómo asegurarse de que los trabajadores de salud los usen según las instrucciones. METODOLOGÍA: Un equipo multidisciplinario sin conflictos de interés realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática, clasificó y analizó la evidencia disponible. Priorizó Revisiones Sistemáticas, Guías de Práctica Clínica basadas en la evidencia y recomendaciones de OMS-OPS. RESULTADOS: Una revisión sistemática de Cochrane actualizada no encuentra evidencias contundentes de beneficios de los mamelucos comparado con el EPP standard. La calidad de la evidencia es muy baja. Los documentos actualizados de OMS-OPS no recomiendan los mamelucos como parte del EPP. Algunas sociedades científicas y organimos estatales los mencionan em sus recomendaciones (CDC, GPC China) y otras no los mencionan. Expertos consultados mencionan preocupación por la forma de colocarlo y retirarlo, la necesidad de entrenamiento, la incomodidad que podría ocasionar al trabajador de salud. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES: La evidencia a favor o en contra de los mamelucos es de muy baja calidad y no arroja resultados significativos. Existirían preocupaciones sobre la incomodidad y la necesidad de entrenamiento para utilizarlo en forma segura por los trabajadores de salud. Los costos y factibilidad de gestionarlo en número adecuado en el contexto actual hacen pensar que su provisión podría ser sumamente dificultosa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Protective Clothing/standards , Health Personnel , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Argentina , Technology Assessment, BiomedicalSubject(s)
Humans , Textiles , Renal Dialysis , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Betacoronavirus , Masks/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Protective Clothing/standards , Societies, Medical , Brazil , Urology Department, Hospital/standards , Health Personnel , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Nephrology/standards , Occupational Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
ABSTRACT These recommendations were created after the publication of informative note 3/2020- CGGAP/DESF/SAPS/MS, of April 4, 2020, in which the Brazilian Ministry of Health recommended the use of a cloth mask by the population, in public places. Taking into account the necessary prioritization of the provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for patients with suspected or confirmed disease, as well as for healthcare professionals, the SBN is favorable concerning the wear of cloth masks by chronic kidney patients in dialysis, in public settings, except in the dialysis setting. The present recommendations have eleven items, related to this rationale, the procedures, indications, contraindications, as well as appropriate fabrics for the mask, and hygiene care to be adopted. These recommendations may change, at any time, in the light of new evidence.
RESUMO As presentes recomendações foram elaboradas após a publicação da Nota Informativa nº 3/2020 CGGAP/DESF/SAPS/MS, em 4 de abril de 2020, na qual o Ministério da Saúde recomenda o uso de máscara de pano por toda a população, em locais públicos. Levando-se em consideração a necessária priorização do fornecimento de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs) para pacientes com suspeita ou confirmação da doença, assim como para profissionais de saúde, a Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN) posicionou-se favoravelmente ao uso de máscaras de pano por pacientes renais crônicos em diálise, em ambientes públicos, exceto no ambiente da diálise. As presentes recomendações englobam onze itens relativos ao que é racional para posicionamento, procedimentos, indicações, contraindicações, assim como tecidos apropriados para confecção e os cuidados de higiene a serem adotados. Essas recomendações poderão ser modificadas a qualquer momento, à luz de novas evidências.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Textiles , Renal Dialysis , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Betacoronavirus , Masks/standards , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Protective Clothing/standards , Societies, Medical , Brazil , Urology Department, Hospital/standards , Health Personnel , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Nephrology/standards , Occupational Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Firefighters must complete a physical ability test to assess work readiness. There is a lack of understanding of how personal protective clothing (PPC) affects functional performance tests for work readiness, e.g. Triple Hop for Distance (THD) and Triple Hop for Work (THW). OBJECTIVE: To examine firefighter PPC's effect on the THD and THW measures. METHODS: Thirty-one healthy, untrained participants (maleâ=â20, femaleâ=â11; ageâ=â23±3 years; heightâ=â175.30± 11.12âcm; massâ=â77.94±14.24âkg; mass in PPCâ=â89.14±14.68âkg) completed three successful trials of the THD on their dominant and non-dominant leg, with and without PPC. The main outcome measures included maximum and mean distances on the THD with and without PPC and THW. RESULTS: We identified a significant decrease in THD measures (mean differenceâ=â97.83âcm; pâ< â0.001) and THW measures (mean differenceâ=â-326.61J; pâ< â0.001) when donning PPC in the dominant leg. We identified a significant decrease in THD (mean differenceâ=â121.48âcm; pâ< â0.001) and THW (mean differenceâ=â493.15J; pâ< â0.001) for females, and a significant difference for THD (mean differenceâ=â84.83âcm; pâ< â0.001) for males when donning PPC. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of PPC decreased the THD and THW measures. The additional mass of the PPC required the more energy to move the same distance without the PPC.
Subject(s)
Exercise Test/methods , Firefighters/statistics & numerical data , Protective Clothing/standards , Adult , Body Mass Index , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise Test/statistics & numerical data , Female , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Protective Clothing/adverse effects , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess the radiation doses received by anaesthetists from prostatic artery embolization (PAE) procedures. Ten PAE procedures conducted in a reference hospital in the city of Recife, Brazil were investigated. Occupational dosimetry was performed using thermoluminescent dosemeters which were located next to the eyes, close to the thyroid (over the shielding), on the thorax (under the apron), on the wrist and on the feet of the physician's body. The results showed that the anaesthetist's feet received the highest doses followed by the eyes and the hands. In some complex PAE procedures the doses received by anaesthetists on the lens of the eyes and the effective dose were higher than those received by the main operator due to the anaesthetist's close position to the patient's table and the use of oblique projections. The personal dose equivalent Hp(3) per procedure for the anaesthetist's right eyebrow ranged from 20.2 µSv to 568.3 µSv. This result shows that anaesthetists assisting PAE procedures can exceeds the annual eye lens dose limit of 20 mSv recommended by the ICRP with only one procedure per week if radiation protection measures are not implemented during procedures.
Subject(s)
Anesthetists/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Injuries/prevention & control , Prostatic Hyperplasia/radiotherapy , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Radiation Protection/standards , Brazil/epidemiology , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Extremities/radiation effects , Humans , Incidence , Lens, Crystalline/radiation effects , Male , Occupational Injuries/epidemiology , Occupational Injuries/etiology , Protective Clothing/standards , Protective Devices/standards , Radiation Dosage , Radiology, Interventional/methodsABSTRACT
A qualidade da higienização industrial deve ser avaliada considerando-se, entre outros aspectos, o risco que a contaminação alimentar representa para a saúde pública. Este trabalho buscou avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias de superfícies de 25 uniformes de frigorífico, por meio de análise microbiológica para micro-organismos mesófilos aeróbios (UFC/cm²), conforme a técnica recomendada swab test, avaliando a eficiência do processo de lavagem dos uniformes. Observou-se que 4% das superfícies dos uniformes apresentaram contagens abaixo ou igual 4,0 x 100 UFC/cm², demonstrando condições higiênicas satisfatórias e indicando eficiência nas técnicas de higienização dos uniformes, portanto, não representando riscos de contaminação cruzada através dos uniformes. Tais achados demonstraram que o processo de higienização dos uniformes realizado pelo frigorífico é eficiente e eficaz na redução da carga microbiana, comprovando as boas condições higienicossanitárias dos mesmos. (AU)
The quality of industrial hygiene should be evaluated considering among others, the risk that food contamination poses to public health. This study aimed to assess the sanitary conditions of surfaces 25 uniforms from slaughterhouse, carrying out microbiological analysis for mesophilic aerobic microorganisms (CFU/cm2) as the recommended technique swab test evaluating the efficiency of the hygiene of uniform after completion of the process washing. lt was observed that 4% of the area of the uniforms had scores below or equal to 4.0x10 UFC / cm², demonstrating satisfactory hygienic conditions, indicating the efficiency of the uniform cleaning techniques do not represent cross contamination risk through uniform. Such findings have shown that the uniform cleaning process performed by the slaughterhouse is efficient and effective in reducing microbial population, proving good sanitary conditions. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Refrigeration/instrumentation , Refrigeration/standards , Protective Clothing/microbiology , Protective Clothing/standards , Food ContaminationABSTRACT
Malathion insecticide in vegetable oil is used to control Aedes aegypti and is applied by spraying, which requires the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The current study assessed the capacity of PPE suits to retain malathion. The study monitored field spraying in São Paulo, Brazil. Before each spraying, feminine sanitary napkins were placed under and upon the PPE suit in the chest, back, and forearms. After spraying, the sanitary napkins were removed, labeled, and submitted to extraction under mechanical agitation. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Presence of malathion in sanitary napkins under PPE suits was observed after spraying and before washing the suits. The findings indicate that sprayers are exposed to malathion, even when they use new PPE suits.
Subject(s)
Insecticides , Malathion , Mosquito Control , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Protective Clothing/standards , Animals , Brazil , Dengue/prevention & control , HumansABSTRACT
O inseticida malationa em calda oleosa é utilizado no controle do Aedes aegypti e a sua aplicação é feita por meio de nebulização. Essa atividade exige o uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) pelos aplicadores. Este trabalho avaliou a capacidade de retenção do inseticida malationa nas vestimentas do EPI após nebulização em campo. Foram acompanhadas nebulizações em campo, realizadas pelos agentes de zoonoses, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Antes de cada nebulização eram colocados absorventes sob e sobre a vestimenta do EPI no tórax, na face superior da parede torácica (costas) e nos antebraços. Após cada aplicação, os absorventes eram retirados, identificados e submetidos à extração sob agitação mecânica. Os extratos foram analisados por cromatografia a gás com detector de ionização de chama. Observou-se a presença de malationa nos absorventes sob as vestimentas do EPI já na primeira aplicação, antes da lavagem. Os resultados indicam que os agentes, nas condições avaliadas, estão expostos ao malationa, mesmo com uso de vestimentas de EPI novos.
Malathion insecticide in vegetable oil is used to control Aedes aegypti and is applied by spraying, which requires the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The current study assessed the capacity of PPE suits to retain malathion. The study monitored field spraying in São Paulo, Brazil. Before each spraying, feminine sanitary napkins were placed under and upon the PPE suit in the chest, back, and forearms. After spraying, the sanitary napkins were removed, labeled, and submitted to extraction under mechanical agitation. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Presence of malathion in sanitary napkins under PPE suits was observed after spraying and before washing the suits. The findings indicate that sprayers are exposed to malathion, even when they use new PPE suits.
El insecticida malathion en jarabe aceitoso se utiliza en el control del Aedes aegypti y su aplicación se realiza través de un nebulizador. Esta actividad requiere el uso de un equipo de protección personal (PPE) para los fumigadores. Este estudio evaluó la capacidad de retención del insecticida malathion en la vestimenta del PPE. Se acompañó durante el proceso de nebulización en el campo a los agentes responsables de zoonosis en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Antes de cada nebulización se colocaron absorbentes debajo y encima de la ropa del PPE en el pecho, en la espalda y antebrazos. Después de cada aplicación, los absorbentes fueron identificados y sometidos a una extracción con agitación mecánica. Los extractos se analizaron por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama. Se observó la presencia de malathion en los absorbentes internos del PPE de la primera fumigación, antes de ser lavados. Los resultados indican que los agentes, en las condiciones evaluadas, están expuestos al malathion, incluso tras el uso de un PPE nuevo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Insecticides , Malathion , Mosquito Control , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Protective Clothing/standards , Brazil , Dengue/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The recent development of the Colombian legislation, have been identified the need to develop protective clothing to work according to specifications from the work done and in compliance with international standards. These involve the development and design of new strategies and measures for work clothing design. In this study we analyzes the activities of the workers in the electrical sector, the method analyzes the risks activity data in various activities, that activities include power generation plants, local facilities, industrial facilities and maintenance of urban and rural networks. The analyses method is focused on ergonomic approach, risk analysis is done, we evaluate the role of security expert and we use a design algorithm developed for this purpose. The result of this study is the identification of constraints and variables that contribute to the development of a model of analysis that leads to the development the work protective clothes.
Subject(s)
Electricity , Ergonomics , Power Plants , Protective Clothing/standards , Colombia , Equipment Design , Humans , Maintenance , Rural Population , Task Performance and Analysis , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Surgical scrubs are made with both fabric and non-fabric material. The study aimed to observe whether there is scientific evidence, according to the systematic review, that supports the practice of wearing scrubs in surgeries, according to the material they are made of. Basic intervention studies were considered, which investigated contamination and/or infection of the surgical site with the use of either reusable or single-use surgical scrubs, using people submitted to surgeries as the study population, either in real or simulated situations, at any period, without any language limitations. The strategy of searching electronic databases was used to find studies. With this, difficulties in isolating the object of intervention from countless other factors that can interfere in the outcomes were identified in studies of this type. Two studies (E1 and E2) showed strong evidence for the recommendation. In conclusion, there is no difference in contamination and infection of the surgical site between fabric and non-fabric scrubs.
Subject(s)
Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Infection Control/standards , Protective Clothing/standards , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , HumansABSTRACT
O avental cirúrgico é confeccionado com materiais de tecido e não-tecido. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar se há evidências científicas, pela revisão sistemática, que fundamentem a prática do uso de aventais em cirurgias, conforme seu material de confecção. Consideraram-se estudos básicos de intervenção, que investigaram a contaminação e ou a infecção do sítio cirúrgico com uso de aventais cirúrgicos reutilizáveis e ou de uso-único, utilizando como população pessoas submetidas a cirurgias, em situações reais ou simuladas, em qualquer período, sem limitação de idioma. Para localizar os estudos, utilizou-se estratégia de busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas. Constata-se, com isso, dificuldade de isolar o objeto de intervenção de outros inúmeros fatores que podem interferir nos desfechos, em estudos desta natureza. Dois estudos (E1, E2) obtiveram forte evidência de recomendação, concluindo pela não diferença de contaminação e infecção do sítio cirúrgico entre aventais e campos de tecido e não-tecido.
Surgical scrubs are made with both fabric and non-fabric material. The study aimed to observe whether there is scientific evidence, according to the systematic review, that supports the practice of wearing scrubs in surgeries, according to the material they are made of. Basic intervention studies were considered, which investigated contamination and/or infection of the surgical site with the use of either reusable or single-use surgical scrubs, using people submitted to surgeries as the study population, either in real or simulated situations, at any period, without any language limitations. The strategy of searching electronic databases was used to find studies. With this, difficulties in isolating the object of intervention from countless other factors that can interfere in the outcomes were identified in studies of this type. Two studies (E1 and E2) showed strong evidence for the recommendation. In conclusion, there is no difference in contamination and infection of the surgical site between fabric and non-fabric scrubs.
El delantal quirúrgico confeccionado con materiales de tejido y no-tejido. El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar se existen evidencias científicas, por medio de una revisión sistemática, que fundamenten la práctica del uso de delantales en cirugías, conforme su material de confección. Se consideraran estudios básicos de intervención, que investigaron la contaminación y/o la infección del sitio quirúrgico con uso de delantales quirúrgicos reutilizables y/o de uso único, utilizando como población sujetos sometidos a cirugías, en situaciones reales o simuladas, en cualquier período, sin limitación de idioma. Para localizar los estudios, se utilizó la estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas. Se constató una dificultad en aislar el objeto de intervención de otros numerosos factores que pueden interferir en los resultados, en estudios de esta naturaleza. Dos estudios (E1, E2) obtuvieron una fuerte evidencia de recomendación, concluyendo por no diferenciar la contaminación e infección del sitio quirúrgico entre delantales e indumentaria quirúrgica de tejido y no-tejido.
Subject(s)
Humans , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Infection Control/standards , Protective Clothing/standards , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & controlABSTRACT
En el presente artÝculo revisamos el control del ambiente de trabajo de los consultorios odontológicos, tomando en cuenta las posibles fuentes de contaminación y la necesidad del uso de gorro, mßscara de larga cobertura, bata quirúrgica, dique de goma y guantes, como mecanismos importantes en la minimización del riesgo en la contaminación del equipo de salud odontológico
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Offices/standards , Infection Control, Dental/methods , Environmental Quality , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Gloves, Protective , HIV Infections , Masks/standards , Dental Staff/standards , Protective Clothing/classification , Protective Clothing/standards , Rubber Dams , Security Measures , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
Se realiza una revisión sobre el control del ambiente de trabajo de los consultorios odontológicos, tomando las posibles fuentes de contaminación del aire por la piel y la necesidad del uso de la bata, tapaboca y calzados son importantes en la minimización de riesgo en la contaminación del personal del equipo de salud odontológico
Subject(s)
Dental Offices/standards , Infection Control, Dental/methods , Environmental Quality , Communicable Disease Control , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Air Pollution/prevention & control , Occupational Exposure , Masks/standards , Dental Staff/standards , Protective Clothing/standards , Security Measures , Shoes , Staphylococcus epidermidisABSTRACT
El presente estudio experimental tiene como propósito determinar la influencia de la faja lumbar en la altura de los espacios intradiscales lumbares en un grupo de trabajadores que elevan cargas manualmente. Los trabajadores de la muestra se dividieron en cuatro grupos: con carga y con faja, con carga y sin faja, sin carga y con faja, sin carga y sin faja. El peso de la carga aplicada fue de 15 kgs. acoplado por delante al trabajador mediante una mochila sostenida por tirante desde los hombros y sujetada por él con los brazos por delante del cuerpo. Las fajas ensayadas fueron del tipo comúnmente utilizada en la minería con fines de prevención de problemas lumbares. A los cuatro grupos estudiados se les tomó radiografías lumbares focalizadas en el nivel L3-L4 y un médico radiólogo experimentado evaluó a ciegas los resultados. Los resultados se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon), concluyendo finalmente que no existe diferencia significativa entre los grupos estudiados y que en consecuencia la faja lumbar no constituye un elemento de protección personal y su recomendación no tiene sustento racional desde el punto de vista mecánico
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Protective Devices , Protective Clothing/standards , Spine , Weight-Bearing , Physical Exertion/physiologyABSTRACT
O estudo elaborou critérios de avaliaçäo dos componentes de paramentaçäo cirúrgica de hospitais do município de Säo Paulo...