Valorization of okara by-product for obtaining soluble dietary fibers and their use in biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose-based film.

In the face of mounting environmental concerns and the need for sustainable innovation, the use of agro-industrial wastes as raw materials offers a promising pathway. In this context, this study investigated the okara, a by-product of soy processing, as a novel source of soluble dietary fiber for the enrichment of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) biodegradable films based on environmental benefits of waste reduction with the creation of renewable packaging alternatives. Okara soluble dietary fiber (OSDF)-enriched CMC film was compared with films made from traditional and innovative soluble dietary fibers, such as pectin, inulin, and ß-glucan. OSDF was obtained through acid hydrolysis at 121 °C, achieving a yield of 5.31 % relative to its initial dry weight. All the produced films exhibited a maximum crystallinity of 5 %, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), indicative of their largely amorphous structure, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ensured their uniformity and flawlessness. The CMC film enriched with okara soluble dietary fiber exhibited key properties, such as thickness, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability, comparable to other soluble fibers studied. These characteristics are essential for effective packaging applications. A notable distinction of the OSDF-enriched film was its capacity to block UV light, offering protection for light-sensitive items. The solubility tests showed that okara and ß-glucan contributed to films with a higher solubility percentage. Mechanical testing underscored the influence of fiber on tensile strength, with the film enriched with ß-glucan outperforming others at 27.5 MPa. All films showed rapid biodegradation within one week, emphasizing their eco-friendliness and the study alignment with sustainable development objectives in packaging.

Análises bromatológicas de missô artesanal / Bromatological analysis of handmade misso

Objetivo ­ Realizar análises bromatológicas de umidade, proteínas, pH e cinzas em missôs artesanais. A fermentação é um processo biotecnológico que tem sido utilizado para modificar e produzir alimentos desde a antiguidade. Nas últimas duas décadas, o interesse nos efeitos benéficos dos fermentados na saúde humana aumentou e tornou essa categoria de alimentos cada vez mais popular principalmente no Oriente. No mercado há uma ampla variedade de pastas à base de soja fermentada por microorganismos sendo conhecido popularmente como missô. Métodos ­ As análises realizadas foram secagem direta em estufa a 105°C graus para determinação da umidade (%) e calcinação em mufla para cinzas (%), determinação de pH por meio do peagâmetro e análise de proteínas através do teste de Biureto. Resultados ­ No presente estudo as amostras obtiveram um teor de umidade entre 52,71% a 60,48%, teor de cinzas variando de 1,12% a 22,7%, pH entre 5,35 e 8,68, e um teor de proteínas variando de 11,1% a 13,2%. Discussão ­ Foi interpretado e comparado os resultados obtidos com as análises de outros estudos, além disso, apontado algumas questões do campo bromatológico das pesquisas dos estudos comparados e as limitações do presente trabalho. Conclusão ­ O processo fermentativo de alimentos com microorganismos resulta em um produto diferenciado que pode ser benéfico a saúde com diferentes características organolépticas. Nossos resultados foram parcialmente semelhantes com outras pesquisas sendo que

Objective ­ To carry out bromatological analyzes of moisture, proteins, pH and ash in artisanal miso. Fermentation is a biotechnological process that has been used to modify and produce food since ancient times. In the last two decades, interest in the beneficial effects of fermented foods on human health has increased and made this food category increasingly popular, especially in the East. In the market there is a wide variety of soybean-based pastes fermented by microorganisms, popularly known as miso. Methods ­ The analyzes carried out were direct drying in an oven at 105°C degrees to determine the humidity (%) and calcination in a muffle for ash (%), determination of pH by means of the pH meter and analysis of proteins through the Biuret test. Results ­ In the present study, the samples obtained a moisture content between 52.71% and 60.48%, ash content ranging from 1.12% to 22.7%, pH between 5.35 and 8.68, and a content of proteins ranging from 11.1% to 13.2%. Discussion ­ The results obtained with the analyzes of other studies were interpreted and compared, in addition, some questions of the bromatological field of the researches of the compared studies and the limitations of the present work were pointed out. Conclusion ­ The fermentative process of food with microorganisms results in a differentiated product that can be beneficial to health with different organoleptic characteristics. Our results were partially similar to other researches and more studies are needed to investigate the microbiome and other physicochemical characteristics in fermented soy products.

Resveratrol-Tempeh reduce micronucleus frequencies bone marrow cells and stimulate osteocyte proliferation in aluminum chloride-induced mice.

Aluminum (Al) is widely used for water purification, cooking pots, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations, toothpaste tubes, and food processing industries. Although the transport in the digestive tract is very poor but if the load is high, it can be absorbed and accumulated. About 50-70% of Al accumulates in the bones and can have an impact on human health. Resveratrol (RES), isolated from tempeh as an Indonesian food ingredient, can increase cell viability and has promising cytoprotective effects. RES has the capacity to interact with oxidative stress, so it has the potential as a therapy in bone repair. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of RES on the number of osteocytes and bone marrow cells in Al-induced mice. Swiss Webster mice were divided into four groups: (1) untreated groups, (2) AlCl3-treated groups, (3) Al+Res5 treated groups, and (4) Al+Res10 treated groups. Al dose 200 mg/kg body weight was administered intraperitoneally. RES was given one hour after administration of Al, with doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg Body Weight. Al and RES administration is carried out for one month. All mice were sacrificed, and mouse bones were isolated for histological preparations and a half for genotoxic assays. Bone marrow cells were collected and stained with My Grunwald. The number of micronuclei polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) was examined in 1,000 PCEs per animal. The number of PCEs is counted by at least 200 erythrocytes (PCE + NCE) per animal. The results showed that the administration of Al significantly increased the number of micronuclei (MN) but after administration of RES at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg Body Weight significantly reduced the number of MN in bone marrow cells. A dose of RES 10 mg/kg BW stimulates proliferation and increases the number of osteocytes in bone significantly. It can be concluded that Al can cause genotoxicity in bone marrow cells and RES is anti-genotoxic and can stimulate osteocyte proliferation.

Sensory evaluation of pacific white shrimp fed with different levels of soy protein concentrate in replacement of fish meal / Avaliação sensorial de camarões-branco-do-pacífico alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado protéico de soja em substituição da farinha de peixe

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory quality of Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) fed diets in which fish meal was replaced by soy protein concentrate. Four diets were evaluated, with different levels of replacement (33%, 66% and 100%) of fish meal by soy protein concentrate. In the sensory analysis, 50 tasters evaluated using the ordering preference test and 50 tasters evaluated the acceptability of the shrimp. The inclusion of vegetable protein source in the shrimp diet sho-wed no difference in the discriminatory and preference ordering test and did not change the evaluated sensory attributes, which makes the product attractive to the consumer, due to the fact of consuming a product without presenting alterations in the taste(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade sensorial do camarão-branco-do-pacífico (L. vannamei) alimentados com dietas em que houve substituição da farinha de peixe por concentrado proteico de soja. Quatro dietas foram avaliadas, com diferentes níveis de substituição (33%, 66% e 100%) da farinha de peixe pelo concentrado proteico de soja. Na análise sensorial, 30 provadores avaliaram por meio do teste de ordenação de preferência e 50 provadores avaliaram a aceitabilidade dos camarões. A inclusão da fonte proteica vegetal na dieta dos camarões não apresentou diferença no teste discriminatório e de ordenação de preferência e não alterou os atributos sensoriais avaliados, o que torna o produto atrativo para o consumidor, pelo fato de consumir um produto sem apresentar alterações no paladar.(AU)

Expeller soybean meal: evaluation of Holstein cow production and in vitro ruminal kinetic / Farelo de soja expeller: avaliação da produção de vacas holandesas e cinética ruminal in vitro

We aimed to evaluate the inclusion of expeller soybean meal on the quality and milk production of Holstein cows, as well to estimate and compare the inherent parameters of the in vitro ruminal kinetics. Data collection was carried out on a private property, in the interior of the municipality of Dois Vizinhos - Paraná, Brazil. Twenty Holstein cows were used, divided into two treatments: one with the inclusion of expeller soybean meal and the other with conventional soybean meal. The design used was completely randomized with parity. Milk production was evaluated through weighing. Milk samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30 and 45 to evaluate the milk protein, fat, urea nitrogen, lactose and total solids. The In vitro ruminal kinetics of convencional and expeller soybean meal was performed at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Paraná, Dois Vizinhos. The gas pressure and volume measures were taken after 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72 hours of sample incubation. The results obtained were applied in a two-compartmental mathematical model with no latency time in the first compartment for description of ruminal kinetics. Data were analyzed by variance (ANOVA) and compared by the F test. There was no significant difference in any of the variables evaluated from mil production and quality when soybean meal expeller was included in the animals' diet (P>0.05). The expeller soybean meal showed a lower degradation compared to the conventional meal. There were no significant differences for milk production as for concentration of solids in milk.

O objetivo foi avaliar a inclusão do farelo de soja expeller na qualidade e produção do leite de vacas holandesas, assim como estimar e comparar os parâmetros inerentes a cinética ruminal in vitro do farelo de soja convencional e expeller. A coleta de dados a campo foi realizada em propriedade particular, no interior do município de Dois Vizinhos - Paraná, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas holandesas, divididas em dois tratamentos: um com inclusão de farelo de soja expeller e o outro com farelo de soja convencional. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com paridade. Foi avaliada a produção do leite através de pesagem diária. Amostras de leite foram coletadas nos dias 0, 15 e 30 para determinação de proteína, gordura, nitrogênio ureico, lactose e sólidos totais. cinética ruminal in vitro do farelo de soja convencional e farelo de soja expeller foi realizada na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, campus Dois Vizinhos. As leituras de pressão e volume foram realizadas após 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 e 72 horas de incubação. Os resultados obtidos foram aplicados em modelo matemático bicompartimental sem latência no primeiro compartimento para descrição da cinética ruminal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparados pelo Teste F. Quanto a produção e qualidade do leite, não houve diferenças significativa para as variáveis avaliadas quando incluído o farelo de soja expeller na dieta dos animais (P>0,05). O farelo de soja expeller apresentou uma degradação inferior comparada ao farelo convencional. Não houve diferenças significativas para a produção de leite como para a concentração de sólidos no leite.

Soybean meal particle size for pigs during the nursery phase / Tamanho da partícula do farelo de soja em suínos no período de creche

This study evaluated the effect of soybean meal (SBM) particle size on nutrient digestibility and the growth performance of nursery piglets. Sixty-three piglets (BW = 6.86 kg ± 0.56; 23 d of age) were distributed in a randomized block design (by initial weight and sex) with 3 dietary treatments: diets with 1,017 µm (unground); 585 µm; and 411µm SBM, with 7 replicates of 3 piglets each. All diets were offered ad libitum in mash form, formulated differently according to three growing phases: (1) with 20% of SBM, from 23 to 32 d of age; (2) with 25% of SBM, from 32 to 44 d of age, and (3) with 30% of SBM, from 44 to 63 d of age. For the first 21 d, pigs fed diets with a medium particle size of SBM (585mm) had better average weight gain and feed/gain ratio (P<0.05). The average feed intake, average body weight gain, and feed/gain ratio from 44 to 63 d improved (P<0.05) with increasing SBM particle sizes, and the average live weight for the overall period increased with coarser SBM (P<0.05). There was a marginally improvement (P < 0.1) on digestible energy as particle size of SBM decreased; although, no differences (P > 0.05) in the coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein for the assessed SBM particle sizes were observed. It was concluded that the grinding of dietary SBM is not required for piglets during the nursery phase.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tamanho da partícula do farelo de soja (FS) sobre o desempenho e digestibilidade de leitões no período de creche. 63 leitões (6,86 kg ± 0,56; 23 dias de idade) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento de blocos casualizados (peso inicial e sexo) entre os tratamentos. As dietas experimentais foram produzidas a partir de diferentes tamanhos médios de partículas do FS moídos ou não: 1,017 µm (sem moer), 585 µm (moído em peneira de 10 mm), e 411µm (moído em peneira de 3 mm), totalizando três tratamentos com sete repetições de três animais cada. Todas as dietas foram fornecidas na forma farelada e ad libitum, sendo divididas em três fases: 1) com 20% de FS, dos 23 a 32 dias de idade; 2) com 25% de FS, dos 32 a 44 dias de idade; e 3) com 30% de FS, dos 44 a 62 dias de idade. Nos primeiros 21 dias de experimento, os animais consumindo a dieta com o tamanho médio (585 µm) das partículas do FS apresentaram melhores resultados para o ganho de peso médio e conversão alimentar. No período seguinte (44 a 63 d), houve (P<0.05) aumento do consumo de ração médio, do ganho do peso médio e melhor conversão alimentar dos leitões conforme o aumento do tamanho da partícula de FS incluída na ração. Consequentemente, ao final do experimento houve melhora linear do peso vivo médio dos animais com o aumento do tamanho do FS consumido. Foi observado melhora marginalmente significativa (P < 0.1) da energia digestível conforme a redução no tamanho do FS, entretanto, não houve diferença (P > 0.05) no coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta dos animais entre os diferentes tamanhos do FS. Em conclusão, de acordo com as condições deste estudo, não se faz necessária a moagem do farelo de soja para leitões no período de creche.

Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol / Potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da neurotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aß) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against betaamyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 µL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

O resveratrol, um polifenol natural encontrado em tempê, não foi investigado apenas in vitro como agente neuroprotetor contra a citotoxicidade beta-amiloide induzida por 2-metoxietanol (2-ME). Os peptídeos betaamiloides (Aß) podem iniciar eventos neurotóxicos e resposta inflamatória dos neurônios via ativação microglial. No entanto, permanece desconhecido se o efeito neurotóxico do peptídeo beta-amiloide associado ao potencial do 2-ME causa efeitos neurotóxicos na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-ME. Este estudo investigou o potencial neuroprotetor do agente trans-resveratrol em cascas de sementes de soja e tempê derivadas da citotoxicidade beta-amiloide na cultura primária de células nervosas induzidas pelo 2-metoxietanol. Ensaios de biotium e MTT foram utilizados para analisar os neurônios isolados do córtex cerebral de camundongos fetais no dia da gestação 19 (GD-19). As células cultivadas foram divididas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: (1) grupo 2-ME + padrão de resveratrol; (2) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de tempê; (3) grupo 2-ME + resveratrol isolado de cascas de sementes de soja; e (4) grupo controle, sem a adição de 2-ME ou resveratrol. Houve exposição das células primárias dos neurônios corticais ao anticorpo monoclonal beta-amiloide pré-incubado por 24 horas, com 10 µL de 4,2 µg/mL de resveratrol, e adições de 7,5 mmol/l de 2-metoxietanol. A adição de 2-ME e resveratrol (padrão e isolado do tempê) da cultura de células nas concentrações de 1,4, 2,8 e 4,2 µg/mL mostrou que a maioria dos neurônios cresceu bem. Por outro lado, após a exposição ao 2-ME e beta-amiloide, a glia foi ativada. Esses achados demonstram um papel do resveratrol na ação neuroprotetora e de neurorresgate.

Treatment of soy sauce wastewater with biomimetic dynamic membrane for colority removal and chemical oxygen demand lowering.

Soy sauce wastewater has been produced in soy sauce production and consumption. To reuse this kind of water resource, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), colority should be removed or lowered. Biomimetic dynamic membrane (BDM), GO&Laccase@UF membrane, was prepared by filtering mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and laccase through ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. Compared to UF membrane, the prepared BDM showed great performance in removal of COD and colority, due to the higher laccase activity with existence of GO. The removal rate of colority reached ~80% by one step filtration operation. Moreover, the multiple cycle test evidenced that the value of COD and colority in the permeate after 5 consecutive cycles with the same GO&Laccase@UF membrane still meet the standard for reuse water. This work indicates the promising of BDM for wastewater from food industry.

Association between a soy-based infant diet and the onset of puberty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between a soy-based infant diet and the onset of puberty. We included studies in which children were fed a soy-based diet, and we compared them with those who were not. The primary outcomes were the onset of puberty in girls (thelarche, pubarche, and menarche age), boys (pubarche, voice change, testicular and penis enlargement age), and both (risk of delayed and precocious puberty [PP]). Search strategies were performed in PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and CENTRAL databases. Two reviewers selected eligible studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data from the included studies. The odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI) as a measure of the association between soy consumption and outcomes. We used a random-effects model to pool results across studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to evaluate the certainty of evidence. We included eight studies in which 598 children consumed a soy-based diet but 2957 did not. The primary outcomes that could be plotted in the meta-analysis were the risk of PP and age at menarche. There was no statistical difference between groups for PP (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.09 to 2.94, 3 studies, 206 participants, low certainty of evidence). No between-group difference was observed in menarche age (MD 0.14 years, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.45, 3 studies, 605 children, low certainty of evidence). One study presented this outcome in terms of median and interquartile range, and although the onset of menarche was marginally increased in girls who received a soy-based diet, the reported age was within the normal age range for menarche. We did not find any association between a soy-based infant diet and the onset of puberty in boys or girls. Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration: CRD42018088902.

Potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid neurotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in tempeh, has not been investigated especially in vitro as a neuroprotective agent against 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME)-induced beta-amyloid cytotoxicity. Beta amyloid peptides (Aß) could initiate neurotoxic events and neuron-inflammatory response via microglial activation. However, it remains unknown whether the neurotoxic effect of beta-amyloid and/or associated with the potential of 2-ME to induce neurotoxic effects on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-ME. This study investigated potential neuroprotective of trans-resveratrol a promising agent tempeh and soybean seed coats-derived against beta-amyloid cytotoxicity on primary culture of nerve cells induced by 2-methoxyethanol. Biotium and MTT assays were used to analyze neurons, which were isolated from the cerebral cortex of fetal mice at gestation day 19 (GD-19). A standard solution of 2-methoxyethanol was dosed at 10 µL. The cultured cells were randomly divided into the following groups: (1) 2-ME group + resveratrol standard, (2) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from tempeh, (3) 2-ME group + resveratrol isolated from soybean seed coats, and (4) the control group, without the addition of either 2-ME or resveratrol. Exposure of the primary cortical neuron cells to beta-amyloid monoclonal antibody pre-incubated for 24 h with 10 µL of 4.2 µg/mL resveratrol and 7.5 mmol/l 2-methoxy-ethanol additions. Here, we report that the addition of 2-ME and resveratrol (standard and isolated from tempeh) of cell culture at concentrations of 1.4, 2.8 and 4.2 µg/mL showed that the majority of neurons grew well. In contrast, after exposure to 2-ME and Beta-amyloid, showed that glial activated. These findings demonstrate a role for resveratrol in neuroprotective-neurorescuing action.

Bacillus subtilis natto as a potential probiotic in animal nutrition.

The growing global demand for animal products and processed meat has created a challenge for the livestock sector to enhance animal productivity without compromising product quality. The restriction of antibiotics in animal feeds as growth promoters makes the use of probiotics a natural and safe alternative to obtain functional foods that provide animal health and quality and to maintain food safety for consumers. To incorporate these additives into the diet, detailed studies are required, in which in vitro and in vivo assays are used to prove the efficacy and to ensure the safety of probiotic candidate strains. Studies on the use of Bacillus subtilis natto as a spore-forming probiotic bacterium in animal nutrition have shown no hazardous effects and have demonstrated the effectiveness of its use as a probiotic, mainly due to its proven antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enzymatic, and immunomodulatory activity. This review summarizes the recent scientific background on the probiotic effects of B. subtilis natto in animal nutrition. It focuses on its safety assessment, host-associated efficacy, and industrial requirements.

Comparison of conventional and extractive fermentation using aqueous two-phase system to extract fibrinolytic proteases produced by Bacillus stearothermophilus DPUA 1729.

Fibrinolytic enzymes have been considered promising for treatment and protection of healthy circulation due its ability to dissolve the fibrin in blood clots. Extractive fermentation is a not explored and efficient downstream process which segregates the desired product simultaneously in a fermentation process fast and economically. Extraction of fibrinolytic enzymes by Bacillus stearothermophilus DPUA 1729 employing conventional aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) and extractive fermentation with ATPS was evaluated. The results of both systems were compared using a factorial design with PEG molar mass, PEG and salt concentrations as independent variables and extraction parameters as a response. In all conditions evaluated it was observed a similar partitioning of fibrinolytic enzymes through the phases, both in conventional ATPS and extractive fermentation. Salt concentration and interaction among PEG and salt concentration influenced in the partition coefficient. The fibrinolytic activity was determined by hydrolysis of fibrin in plate using the extract of one condition from extractive fermentation. The zone degradation presented a diameter of 7.03 ± 0.94 mm. In conclusion, there was no significant difference among the results obtained using conventional ATPS and extractive fermentation, however, the second one presents more advantages and can integrate production and extraction in one single step, reducing the costs.

Addition of microencapsulated soybean molasses to pasta formulations / Efeito da adição de microcápsulas do melaço de soja em massas alimentícias

This study investigated the production of pasta with the addition of microencapsulated soybean molasses and its effect on the physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological characteristics and shelf life of the product. Three formulations were prepared, as follows: F1, control pasta; F2, pasta made with free extract; and F3, pasta made with soybean molasses microparticles, which were characterized in terms of their pH, water activity, color measurements, sensory evaluation, microbiological characterization, and shelf life via determination of the phenolic compounds remaining during a 28 day storage. The cooked pasta containing the microparticles retained 25% of the original phenolics up to 14th day of storage, meanwhile, the raw pasta presented 15% of the original phenolics up to the 21st day of storage. Good sensory acceptability was observed for all pasta containing the microparticles, with no differences from the control pasta; however, pasta made with free extract was less accepted when compared to the other types. The addition of microparticles did not change the microbiological profile, pH, water activity, or color of the pasta.(AU)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver massas alimentícias adicionadas de microcápsulas de melaço de soja e avaliar o efeito das microcápsulas sobre as características físico-químicas, sensoriais, microbiológicas e vida de prateleira. As formulações das massas foram, controle (F1), com extrato livre (F2) e com microcápsulas (F3), foram realizadas as análises de pH, atividade de água, cor, análise sensorial, microbiológica e vida de prateleira dos fenólicos por 28 dias. As massas cozidas contendo microcápsulas permaneceram com 25% de fenólicos até o 14º dia, e as massas cruas com 15% de fenólicos até o 21° dia de armazenamento. As massas com microcápsulas mostraram boa aceitabilidade não diferindo da massa controle, entretanto as massas com o extrato livre mostraram menor aceitação em relação às demais. A adição das microcápsulas não alterou a parte microbiológica, pH, atividade de água e cor das massas.(AU)

Addition of microencapsulated soybean molasses to pasta formulations / Efeito da adição de microcápsulas do melaço de soja em massas alimentícias

This study investigated the production of pasta with the addition of microencapsulated soybean molasses and its effect on the physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological characteristics and shelf life of the product. Three formulations were prepared, as follows: F1, control pasta; F2, pasta made with free extract; and F3, pasta made with soybean molasses microparticles, which were characterized in terms of their pH, water activity, color measurements, sensory evaluation, microbiological characterization, and shelf life via determination of the phenolic compounds remaining during a 28 day storage. The cooked pasta containing the microparticles retained 25% of the original phenolics up to 14th day of storage, meanwhile, the raw pasta presented 15% of the original phenolics up to the 21st day of storage. Good sensory acceptability was observed for all pasta containing the microparticles, with no differences from the control pasta; however, pasta made with free extract was less accepted when compared to the other types. The addition of microparticles did not change the microbiological profile, pH, water activity, or color of the pasta.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver massas alimentícias adicionadas de microcápsulas de melaço de soja e avaliar o efeito das microcápsulas sobre as características físico-químicas, sensoriais, microbiológicas e vida de prateleira. As formulações das massas foram, controle (F1), com extrato livre (F2) e com microcápsulas (F3), foram realizadas as análises de pH, atividade de água, cor, análise sensorial, microbiológica e vida de prateleira dos fenólicos por 28 dias. As massas cozidas contendo microcápsulas permaneceram com 25% de fenólicos até o 14º dia, e as massas cruas com 15% de fenólicos até o 21° dia de armazenamento. As massas com microcápsulas mostraram boa aceitabilidade não diferindo da massa controle, entretanto as massas com o extrato livre mostraram menor aceitação em relação às demais. A adição das microcápsulas não alterou a parte microbiológica, pH, atividade de água e cor das massas.

Supplementation of lamb ewes with different protein sources in deferred marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu) pasture / [Suplementação de matrizes ovinas com diferentes fontes de proteína em pasto diferido de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu)]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protein sources on the performance of lamb ewes and their offspring supplemented in deferred pasture. The treatments were the different protein sources: soybean meal, cotton cake, babassu cake and coconut cake. The ewes were weighed and evaluated for their body condition score during the gestation, parturition and weaning phases. The lambs were weighed at birth and at weaning. The structural variables and chemical composition of the pasture were evaluated during the usage period. Grass height and forage mass were higher when the ewes were in the gestation and weaning stages. The leaf mass was not altered during the pasture usage with a mean value of 566.1kg ha-1 DM. The highest levels of crude protein in the leaf blade were observed during the parturition and weaning phases. The body weight of the ewes did not differ between the sources with averages 45.0, 39.9 and 36.6kg for the gestation, parturition and weaning phases, respectively. Weights at birth and at weaning had an effect from protein sources, with the highest values observed in the lambs of ewes who received soybean meal and babassu cake supplementation. The lambs of ewes supplemented with soybean had higher average daily gain and total gain. Babassu, coconut and cotton cakes can replace soybean meal in supplementation of ewes in deferred pasture.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes de proteína no desempenho de ovelhas e suas crias suplementadas em pastagem diferida. Os tratamentos foram as diferentes fontes proteicas: farelo de soja, tortas de algodão, babaçu e coco. As ovelhas foram pesadas e avaliadas quanto ao escore de condição corporal durante as fases de gestação, parição e desmame. Os cordeiros foram pesados no nascimento e no desmame. As variáveis estruturais e a composição química do pasto foram avaliadas durante o período de uso. A altura do dossel e a massa de forragem foram maiores quando as ovelhas estavam nas fases de gestação e desmame. A massa foliar não foi alterada durante o uso do pasto, com um valor médio de 566,1kg ha-1 MS. Os maiores teores de proteína bruta na lâmina foliar foram observados durante as fases de parto e desmame. O peso corporal das ovelhas não diferiu entre as fontes proteicas, com médias de 45,0, 39,9 e 36,6kg para as fases de gestação, parto e desmame, respectivamente. Os pesos ao nascimento e ao desmame tiveram efeito das fontes proteicas, com os maiores valores observados nos cordeiros de ovelhas que receberam suplementação com farelo de soja e torta de babaçu. Os cordeiros suplementados com soja apresentaram maior ganho médio diário e ganho total. As tortas de babaçu, coco e algodão podem substituir o farelo de soja na suplementação de ovelhas em pastagem diferida.(AU)

Soybean molasses: an alternative to sheeps supplementation / Melaço de soja: uma alternativa de suplementação para ovinos

The objective was to evaluate soybean molasses as supplement for sheep at crescent levels. Five-crossbred ½ Dorper -Santa Inês ewes with initial body mass of 45 ± 3.5 kg and 12 ± 2 months of age were used. Treatments consisted of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% of soybean molasses inclusion to a basal corn silage diet, which fed exclusively supports the nutritional requirements of ewes at maintenance. The treatments were assigned into 5×5 latin square design. Five experimental periods, of 12 days each (1st to 5th day: diet adaptation period; 6th to 12th: data collection and sampling), was adopted. The statistical analysis performed were regression analysis with 5% of significance. Crude protein and water intakes increase as increase the supplementation levels of soybean molasses increased allowing the fit of linear regressions (P<0.05). Supplementation up to 12 % did not affect the intake of dry matter, energy and neutral detergent fiber or the digestibility of dry matter, protein and neutral detergent fiber (P>0.05). Also, ingestive behavior and blood variables, as metabolic mineral profile, was not affected (P>0.05). Soybean molasses can be used as supplement for sheep until 12 % of daily ration without affect feed digestibility, ingestive behaviour and metabolic profile.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o melaço de soja como suplemento em níveis crescentes para ovinos. Foram utilizadas cinco ovelhas ½ Dorper-Santa Inês com massa corporal de 45 ± 3,5 kg e 12 ± 2 meses de idade. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 % de melaço de soja a uma dieta basal composta de silagem de milho, a qual como alimento exclusivo atende os requerimentos nutricionais de ovelhas em mantença. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino 5 × 5. Cinco períodos experimentais de 12 dias foram adotados do 1º ao 5º dia: período de adaptação das dietas; do 6º ao 12º dia: coleta de dados e período de amostragem. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por regressão considerando 5 % de significância. A ingestão de proteína bruta e água aumentou à medida que aumentaram os níveis de suplementação de melaço de soja, permitindo o ajuste de regressões lineares (P<0,05). A suplementação de até 12% não afetou o consumo de matéria seca, energia e fibra em detergente neutro ou a digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína e fibra em detergente neutro (P>0,05). Também o comportamento ingestivo e as variáveis sanguíneas de perfil metabólico e mineral, não foram afetados (P>0,05). O melaço de soja pode ser utilizado como suplemento para ovinos até 12% da ração diária, sem afetar a digestibilidade dos alimentos, o comportamento ingestivo e o perfil metabólico e mineral.(AU)

Extraction, characterization and microencapsulation of isoflavones from soybean molasses / Extração, caracterização e microencapsulação de isoflavonas do melaço de soja

This study aimed to extract isoflavones from soybean molasses with different solvents, furthermore, the selected extract, which showed overall desirable characteristics was selected to evaluate the potentials of different encapsulating agents. The encapsulating agents employed for the study included 18% Maltodextrin DE20 (T1), 18% Hi-maize (T2), and a mixture of equal proportions of 9% Maltodextrin DE20 and 9% of Hi-maize (T3). Solvents such as 80% ethanol and methanol, and grain alcohol in varying different concentrations of 50 and 80% were used for the studies. The best solvent for the extraction of phenolics and total isoflavones was 50% cereal alcohol, this extract also presented higher antioxidant activity. Evaluation of the encapsulating agents revealed that 18% Hi-maize with inlet air of 130 °C was best suited for the encapsulation of isoflavones. The ORAC method showed that microcapsules with the 18% Hi-maize encapsulating agent also had higher antioxidant activity.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo extrair isoflavonas do melaço de soja com diferentes solventes, além disso, o extrato selecionado com as características desejáveis ​​em geral foi selecionado para avaliar os potenciais de diferentes agentes encapsulantes. Os agentes encapsulantes foram: 18% de maltodextrina DE20 (T1), 18% Hi-maize (T2) e uma mistura em proporções iguais de 9 % de maltodextrina DE20 e 9% de Hi-maize (T3). Foram testados os solventes, etanol e metanol a 80% e álcool de cereais a 50 e 80%. O melhor solvente para a extração de fenólicos e isoflavonas totais foi o álcool de cereais a 50%, sendo que este extrato também apresentou maior atividade antioxidante. Entre os agentes encapsulantes testados, 18% Hi-maize com ar de entrada de 130 °C mostrou ser o melhor para encapsular as isoflavonas. O método ORAC mostrou que as microcápsulas com o agente encapsulante Hi-maize a 18% também apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante.(AU)

Soybean molasses: an alternative to sheep’s supplementation / Melaço de soja: uma alternativa de suplementação para ovinos

The objective was to evaluate soybean molasses as supplement for sheep at crescent levels. Five-crossbred ½ Dorper -Santa Inês ewes with initial body mass of 45 ± 3.5 kg and 12 ± 2 months of age were used. Treatments consisted of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% of soybean molasses inclusion to a basal corn silage diet, which fed exclusively supports the nutritional requirements of ewes at maintenance. The treatments were assigned into 5×5 latin square design. Five experimental periods, of 12 days each (1st to 5th day: diet adaptation period; 6th to 12th: data collection and sampling), was adopted. The statistical analysis performed were regression analysis with 5% of significance. Crude protein and water intakes increase as increase the supplementation levels of soybean molasses increased allowing the fit of linear regressions (P0.05). Also, ingestive behavior and blood variables, as metabolic mineral profile, was not affected (P>0.05). Soybean molasses can be used as supplement for sheep until 12 % of daily ration without affect feed digestibility, ingestive behaviour and metabolic profile.

Objetivou-se avaliar o melaço de soja como suplemento em níveis crescentes para ovinos. Foram utilizadas cinco ovelhas ½ Dorper-Santa Inês com massa corporal de 45 ± 3,5 kg e 12 ± 2 meses de idade. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 % de melaço de soja a uma dieta basal composta de silagem de milho, a qual como alimento exclusivo atende os requerimentos nutricionais de ovelhas em mantença. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino 5 × 5. Cinco períodos experimentais de 12 dias foram adotados do 1º ao 5º dia: período de adaptação das dietas; do 6º ao 12º dia: coleta de dados e período de amostragem. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por regressão considerando 5 % de significância. A ingestão de proteína bruta e água aumentou à medida que aumentaram os níveis de suplementação de melaço de soja, permitindo o ajuste de regressões lineares (P0,05). Também o comportamento ingestivo e as variáveis sanguíneas de perfil metabólico e mineral, não foram afetados (P>0,05). O melaço de soja pode ser utilizado como suplemento para ovinos até 12% da ração diária, sem afetar a digestibilidade dos alimentos, o comportamento ingestivo e o perfil metabólico e mineral.

Influence of chemical composition and structural properties on the surface behavior and foam properties of tofu-whey concentrates in acid medium.

This article focuses on the impact of chemical composition and structural properties of tofu-whey concentrates on their surface behavior at the air/water interface and foaming properties in acid medium. Liquid tofu-whey (pH 5.6 ±â€¯0.1) was concentrated at three combinations of temperature and pressure (50 °C-8.0 kPa, 65 °C-16.0 kPa and 80 °C-24.0 kPa), with further dialysis (4 °C, 48 h) and freeze-drying, giving the samples TWC50, TWC65 and TWC80, respectively. The increase of temperature during the concentration step promoted the enrichment of the concentrates in crude protein and calcium, without appreciable changes in the yield, the carbohydrate content and the polypeptide composition. For TWC80, the increase the degree of glycosylation and the intensity of the hydrophobic effect promoted the decrease of molecular flexibility and the formation of compact aggregates mediated by disulfide bridges as was evidenced by tricine-SDS-PAGE, TGA and FTIR assays. These structural differences have a pronounced impact of the pH-dependence of turbidity and solubility of protein and polysaccharides. At pH 4.0 all concentrates evidenced a ζ-potential close to zero, which enhanced their foam ability (overrun >1500%). Nevertheless, at this pH, TWC80 showed both the highest carbohydrate-to-protein mass ratio in the soluble fraction (>1.8) and foam stability (FS). Thus, the improvement of FS at pH 4.0 would be associated to the effective adsorption of compact rich-in-protein aggregates at the air/water interface and the higher content of soluble polysaccharides in the bulk phase. These findings are relevant for the application of tofu-whey concentrates in acidic dispersed systems, such as foams and aerated food emulsions.

Effect of replacing fish meal by full fat soybean meal on growth performance, feed utilization and gastrointestinal enzymes in diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus / Efeito da substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja integral no desempenho de crescimento, utilização de ração e enzimas gastrointestinais em dietas para bagre africano Clarias gariepinus

Study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal with different levels of full fat soybean meal (FFSBM) on growth and digestive enzyme activities in the stomach, Liver and intestine for Clarias gariepinus. Four diets (D1, D2, D3 and D4) were formulated with 0, 15, 20 and 20 g 100-1 protein + DL-methionine by alternating FFSBM with fish meal. The growth of C. gariepinus was found to be significantly decreased when FFSBM replacement increased. Final body weight was 89.69, 79.70, 70.82 and 68.29 g for fish fed on D1, D2, D3 and D4, respectively, with significant differences between treatments. Specific growth rate (SGR) ranged between 3.11 to 2.78%. Proteolytic activity was higher only with alkaline pHs, whereas only very low activity was shown with acidic. Results of liver showed approximately similar results at acid and alkaline. In contrast, higher proteolytic activity in the stomach was observed at acid pHs 3.0 and 4.0 g tyrosine-1 minute-1 mg-1 protein) whereas lower values were observed at neutral pH 7.0 g tyrosine-1 minute-1 mg-1 protein for catfish fed on the experimental diets. Moreover, trypsin activity was higher for the stomach, followed by the intestine and liver. However, higher amount of amylase observed in the liver than intestine and stomach.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição da farinha de peixe por diferentes níveis de farelo de soja integral (FSI) sobre o crescimento e atividades de enzimas digestivas no estômago, fígado e intestino de Clarias gariepinus. Quatro dietas (D1, D2, D3 e D4) foram formuladas com 0, 15, 20 e 20 g 100-1 proteína + DL-metionina, alternando FSI com farinha de peixe. O crescimento de C. gariepinus foi significativamente reduzido quando aumentou a substituição de farinha de peixe por FSI . O peso corporal final foi de 89,69, 79,70, 70,82 e 68,29 g para peixes alimentados com D1, D2, D3 e D4, respectivamente, com diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Taxa de crescimento específico (TCE) variou entre 3,11 a 2,78%. A atividade proteolítica foi maior apenas com pHs alcalinos, enquanto que atividades muito baixas foram somente mostradas com ácido. Os resultados no fígado mostraram valores aproximadamente semelhantes tanto em meio ácido quanto alcalino. Em contraste, observou-se maior atividade proteolítica no estômago em pH ácido (3,0 e 4,0 g de tirosina-1 minuto-1 mg-1 de proteína), ao passo que valores mais baixos foram observados em pH neutro (7,0 g de tirosina-1 minuto-1 mg-1 de proteína) para os bagres que se alimentaram com as dietas experimentais. Além disso, a atividade da tripsina foi maior para o estômago, seguida pelo intestino e pelo fígado. No entanto, observou-se maior quantidade de amilase no fígado,intestino e estômago.(AU)