Growth and Phytochemistry of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf Inoculated with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria under Different Lead Levels.

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemistry of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and grown in lead (Pb)-contaminated soil to assess its responses to inoculation under different Pb levels. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme: two levels of A. brasilense (absence or presence) and five Pb levels. After four months of treatment, the following were analyzed: total and reducing sugars, total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, antioxidant enzymes, proline, and essential oil (EO) content and composition. Soil Pb levels and A. brasilense inoculation affected phytochemicals in lemongrass plants. Azospirillum inoculation reduced total sugars in the roots at all soil Pb levels, while increasing Pb levels favored a rise in sugar contents. There was an increase in flavonoid content in treatments associated with Pb and inoculated with A. brasilense. Antioxidant capacity was lower at lower Pb levels, regardless of bacterial inoculation. Enzymatic response was mainly affected by Pb concentrations between 50 and 100 mg kg-1 soil. EO content was influenced by soil Pb levels, with higher EO production at 500 mg Pb kg-1 soil and without A. brasilense inoculation. Overall, lemongrass cultivation in Pb-contaminated areas can be an alternative to phytoremediation and EO production for the industry.

Soil macrofauna communities in Brazilian land-use systems.

Background: Soil animal communities include more than 40 higher-order taxa, representing over 23% of all described species. These animals have a wide range of feeding sources and contribute to several important soil functions and ecosystem services. Although many studies have assessed macroinvertebrate communities in Brazil, few of them have been published in journals and even fewer have made the data openly available for consultation and further use. As part of ongoing efforts to synthesise the global soil macrofauna communities and to increase the amount of openly-accessible data in GBIF and other repositories related to soil biodiversity, the present paper provides links to 29 soil macroinvertebrate datasets covering 42 soil fauna taxa, collected in various land-use systems in Brazil. A total of 83,085 georeferenced occurrences of these taxa are presented, based on quantitative estimates performed using a standardised sampling method commonly adopted worldwide to collect soil macrofauna populations, i.e. the TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme) protocol. This consists of digging soil monoliths of 25 x 25 cm area, with handsorting of the macroinvertebrates visible to the naked eye from the surface litter and from within the soil, typically in the upper 0-20 cm layer (but sometimes shallower, i.e. top 0-10 cm or deeper to 0-40 cm, depending on the site). The land-use systems included anthropogenic sites managed with agricultural systems (e.g. pastures, annual and perennial crops, agroforestry), as well as planted forests and native vegetation located mostly in the southern Brazilian State of Paraná (96 sites), with a few additional sites in the neighbouring states of São Paulo (21 sites) and Santa Catarina (five sites). Important metadata on soil properties, particularly soil chemical parameters (mainly pH, C, P, Ca, K, Mg, Al contents, exchangeable acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Base Saturation and, infrequently, total N), particle size distribution (mainly % sand, silt and clay) and, infrequently, soil moisture and bulk density, as well as on human management practices (land use and vegetation cover) are provided. These data will be particularly useful for those interested in estimating land-use change impacts on soil biodiversity and its implications for below-ground foodwebs, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service delivery. New information: Quantitative estimates are provided for 42 soil animal taxa, for two biodiversity hotspots: the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Data are provided at the individual monolith level, representing sampling events ranging from February 2001 up to September 2016 in 122 sampling sites and over 1800 samples, for a total of 83,085 ocurrences.

Ateroprotective effects of Plinia cauliflora in. New Zealand rabbits: beyond the lipid-lowering effect.

Introduction: Plinia cauliflora [Mart.] Kausel (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "jabuticaba," is a fruit species native to Brazil. Despite extensive widespread usage, its antiatherosclerotic properties' impact remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a preparation obtained from the fruit peels of P. cauliflora (EEPC). Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits received a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 60 days. On the thirtieth day, the animals were divided into five experimental groups and received, once a day, by the oral route, the EEPC (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, peripheral blood and arterial branch samples were collected. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (NT), nitrite, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were measured. Moreover, the catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were measured on the arterial samples. Histopathological analysis and arterial morphometry were also performed. Results and discussion: The oral administration of ESEG significantly lowered the levels of lipids in rabbits that were fed a CRD diet. This treatment also adjusted the protective system against oxidation in the arteries by decreasing the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Additionally, the levels of IL-1b, IL-6, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in the bloodstream decreased significantly, and this was accompanied by a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in all branches of the arteries. The findings suggest that EEPC may be a possible option for additional management of atherosclerosis.

Bioprospecting a Film-Forming System Loaded with Eugenia uniflora L. and Tropaeolum majus L. Leaf Extracts for Topical Application in Treating Skin Lesions.

Natural products can be used as complements or as alternatives to synthetic drugs. Eugenia uniflora and Tropaeolum majus are natives of Brazil and have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to develop a film-forming system (FFS) loaded with plant extracts with the potential for treating microbial infections. E. uniflora and T. majus leaf extracts were prepared and characterized, and the individual and combined antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The FFS was developed with different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics. The combination of extracts showed a superior antioxidant effect compared to the individual extracts, justifying the use of the blend. FFS prepared with 4.5% PVA, 4.5% PVP, 7.81% E. uniflora extract, and 3.90% T. majus extract was adhesive, lacked scale formation, presented good malleability, and had a suitable pH for topical application. In addition, the viscosity at rest was satisfactory for maintaining stability; water solubility was adequate; skin permeation was low; and the antimicrobial effect was superior to that of the individual extracts. Therefore, the developed FFS is promising for the differentiated treatment of skin lesions through topical application.

Extraction Methods, Chemical Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Activities of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel Peels.

Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, possesses bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, wound healing, and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize the P. cauliflora fruit peel extraction method, maximize phenolic constituents, and evaluate their antioxidative and antimicrobial effects. Various extraction methods, including vortex extraction with and without precipitation at 25, 40, and 80 °C, and infusion extraction with and without precipitation, were performed using a completely randomized design. Extraction without precipitation (E - P) showed the highest yield (57.9%). However, the precipitated extraction (E + P) method displayed a yield of 45.9%, higher levels of phenolic derivatives, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Major compounds, such as D-psicose, D-glucose, and citric acid, were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis identified citric acid, hexose, flavonoids, tannins, and quercetin as the major compounds in the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli bacteria. In conclusion, the E + P method efficiently obtained extracts with high content of bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities with potential application as a dietary supplement.

Safety Investigations of Two Formulations for Vaginal Use Obtained from Eugenia uniflora L. Leaves in Female Rats.

Medicinal plants have great prominence in research into the development of new medicines. Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is an edible and medicinal plant with economic value in the northeast region of Brazil. Several preparations from E. uniflora leaves and its fruits are employed as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. In this study we evaluated the preclinical toxicology of crude extract and vaginal gel obtained from the leaves of E. uniflora (5%, 10%, and 15%) aiming to provide safety for its use in the treatment of vulvovaginitis. Both formulations were applied to the vaginal cavity for 14 days. Detailed observations of the vaginal region, including pruritus, swelling, irritation, burning, pain, and vaginal secretion, as well as the estrous cycle were evaluated. On the fifth day, blood samples were obtained from the supraorbital plexus for biochemical and hematological analyses. The animals were subsequently euthanized. All animals underwent necropsy and macroscopic examination of the vaginal mucosa and reproductive system. A histological examination was also performed. No clinically significant changes were detected during the entire experimental period. All biochemical, hematological, or histopathological parameters were within the normal range for the species. The data obtained allow us to suggest that the E. uniflora vaginal formulations are safe in this experimental model.

WITHDRAWN: Main Diagnostic Methods for COVID-19: Integrative Review

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Thyroid-disrupting effects of chlorpyrifos in female Wistar rats.

Thousands of chemicals are released into the environment daily, arousing great scientific interest because they can influence the overall function of living organisms. The indiscriminate use of pesticides, especially organophosphate, confers important risks to both public and environmental health. Previous studies showed that chlorpyrifos (CPF) acts as an endocrine disruptor. Nevertheless, CPF is still widely used in many countries. Thus, we evaluated the thyroid-disrupting effects of CPF after short-term low-dose oral exposure in female Wistar rats. A total of 48 female Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups (n = 8/group) that were treated orally by gavage with vehicle (control) and chlorpyrifos (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) for 5 days. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed throughout treatment. On day 6, the animals were weighed. Serum samples were obtained to measure levels of thyroid hormones, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, glutamyl transpeptidase, and estradiol. The animals were then euthanized by deep anesthesia with isoflurane. The thyroid gland, liver, spleen, and kidneys were collected to determine relative organ weight and perform histopathological analyses. We observed a significant increase in total triiodothyronine (T3) levels in all CPF treatment groups, even at very low doses that corresponded to the Acceptable Daily Intake. Only the highest dose tested significantly increased both total and free T3 levels. In the group that received the highest dose of CPF, thyroid follicles had irregular contours and few or no colloids. The present results indicated that short-term low-dose CPF exposure in female rats induced significant thyroid-disrupting effects.

Repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study of Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke.

Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke is a plant with medicinal properties popularly used in Brazil to treat diabetes and obesity. Despite the promising use of this plant, are still incipient toxicology studies on prolonged periods of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study of V. megapotamica methanolic extract (VMME) in male and female Wistar rats. Different groups of rats (n = 8) were treated daily with three different doses of VMME (100, 300, and 900 mg/kg) or vehicle (filtered water). Body weight, water, and feed consumption, and clinical and behavioral changes were monitored daily. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were obtained for hematological and biochemical analyzes. After euthanasia, the vital organs were removed for the determination of relative weight and for histopathological analysis. No clinical signs of toxicity or mortality were found during the experimental period. Treatment with VMME did not induce any change in body weight gain, eating patterns, and behavior. We found no statistically significant changes in the different hematological and biochemical parameters evaluated. The relative weight of the organs and histopathological analysis did not show any significant change when compared to animals treated with the vehicle. The data obtained in this study allow us to conclude that the VMME obtained from V. megapotamica is safe after a repeated-dose 90-day oral toxicity study in male and female Wistar rats.

Genotoxicity Study of Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke.

Vitex megapotamica (Spreng) Moldenke is commonly known as tarumã, it is an important medicinal and edible fruit plant. It is native to regions of tropical and subtropical climate in greater proportion than temperate zones and widely distributed in Central America, South America, Asia, and Africa. In Brazil, it is present in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Despite its widespread use, there are no minimum standards for quality control or information on genotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a detailed description of the short-term genotoxicity assays of V. megapotamica and to provide parameters of a preparation routinely used in traditional folk medicine. For genotoxicity assays, five groups were used with eight wistar rats in each group. For this, three doses of the V. megapotamica extract in doses (100, 300, and 900 mg/kg) or negative control (filtered water) were administered orally and positive control cyclophosphamide monohydrate (20 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich®) was applied by the intraperitoneal route after 24 h. At the end, whole blood was collected in a tube containing EDTA for the comet test and later the animals were euthanized. For the micronucleus test, femurs were removed, and bone marrow was collected. In the comet assay, V. megapotamica crude extract did not show significant DNA damage at all doses tested. The micronucleus assay showed no significant increase in the frequency of inducing micronuclei at any dose examined. It can be concluded that the safety parameters in genotoxicity studies reveal that V. megapotamica has no toxicity, which characterizes the important quality control of this plant species.

Structural soil quality related to microbiological parameters in sugarcane.

Sugarcane crop conventional tillage has been replaced by deep soil preparation with few studies about its effect on soil quality and sustainability. The aim of this study was to assess structural volumes ina dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol subjected to conventional tillage (CT) and deep localized soil tillage (DLST) to verify how the microbiological parameters were affected. The study was conducted in a soil derived from the Caiuá Sandstone formation in Brazil. Four trenches were dug for each soil tillage system to describe the cultural profile and evaluate carbon microbial biomass (CMB) and nitrogen (NMB), basal respiration (BR), and metabolic quotient (qCO2). CT profiles exhibited a predominance of cracked soil volumes, medium-sized and large compact clods with some porosity, and continuous volumes with no cracks and of intermediate porosity. DLST profiles were predominantly free-soil volume with no cohesion and porous in appearance, and compact, cohesive volumes with no porosity visible. The highest levels of CMB and NMB were in the cracked soil under CT. Higher microbial activity indicated by BR and qCO2 were in the free powdery soil under DLST. Soil pulverization caused by DLST could cause serious consequences on soil functionality, boosting erosion, and metabolic stress in the microbiota.

Resposta da soja à épocas de aplicação de potássio em cobertura / Soybean response to potassium application in coverage / Respuesta de la soja a las épocas de aplicación de potasio en cobertura

A cultura da soja teve uma grande expansão nos últimos anos, impulsionando novas fronteiras agrícolas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da época de aplicação de K na produtividade da soja. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, envolvendo seis manejos (tratamentos) com época de aplicação (T1 - Superfície/a lanço 15 dias após o plantio, T2 - Superfície/a lanço no plantio, T3 - Superfície/a lanço 30 dias após o plantio, T4 - Superfície/a lanço 50% da dose 15 dias após o plantio + 50% da dose 30 dias após o plantio, T5 - Superfície/a lanço 50 % da dose no plantio + 25% da dose 15 dias após o plantio + 25% da dose 30 dias após o plantio, T6 - Testemunha sem adubação superfície). Foi avaliada a população de plantas, bem como altura, inserção da primeira vagem, número total de vagens por planta, peso de mil grãos (PMG) e a produtividade média de cada tratamento. Os dados obtidos demonstram que não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos nas características agronômicas avaliadas, como produtividade e PMG. Porém, na média final dos experimentos, destacou-se o tratamento T4: Superfície a lanço 50% da dose 15 dias após o plantio + 50% da dose 30 dias após o plantio, diferindo 575 kg ha­1 do menor valor obtido, sendo este um indicativo para a tomada de decisão no tipo de manejo referente à adubação potássica em cobertura pelo produtor rural. Com adubação potássica aumentou o número de plantas e o parcelamento da aplicação de potássio induziu o aumento do número de vagens por plantas. Conclui-se que a aplicação total da dose potássica 30 dias após o plantio, obteve o maior valor em termo de inserção da primeira vagem e altura de planta.(AU)

The soybean crop has drastically expanded in recent years, opening new agricultural frontiers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application time of Potassium (K) on soybean yield. The experiment was developed using a randomized block design, with four repetitions: T1- Surface/topdressing 15 days after planting, T2 - Surface/topdressing at planting, T3 ­ Surface/topdressing 30 days after planting, T4 - Surface/topdressing 50% dose 15 days after planting + 50% dose 30 days after planting, T5 - Surface/topdressing 50% dose at planning + 25% dose 15 days after planting + 25% dose 30 days after planting, T6 - control without surface fertilization). The population of plants, their height, insertion of the first pod, total number of pods per plant, weight of a thousand grains (WTG) and average yield of each treatment were assessed. The data obtained show that no statistical differences were found among the treatments in the agronomic characteristics assessed, such as productivity and WTG. However, in the final means of the experiments, treatment T4 was highlighted: surface topdressing 50% of the dose 15 days after planting + 50% dose 30 days after planting resulted in a difference of 575 kg ha­1 when compared to the lowest value obtained, being an indicative for a decision on the type of handling regarding topdressing potassium fertilization by the producer. Potassium fertilization increased the number of plants, and the splitting of the potassium application induced an increase in the number of pods per plant. Therefore, it can be concluded that the full application of the potassium dose 30 days after the planting obtained the highest value in term of insertion of the first pod and height of plant.(AU)

La cultura de la soja ha tenido una gran expansión en los últimos años, impulsando nuevas fronteras agrícolas. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar el efecto de la época de aplicación de K en la productividad de la soja. El delineamiento experimental fue en bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, involucrando seis manejos (tratamientos) con época de aplicación. (T1 - Superficie/a lance 15 días después de la siembra, T2 - Superficie/a lance en el plantío, T3 - Superficie/a lance 30 días después de la siembra, T4 - Superficie/a lanza 50% de la dosis 15 días después de la plantación + 50% de la dosis 30 días después de la siembra, T5 - Superficie/a lanza 50% de la dosis en la siembra + 25% de la dosis 15 días después de la siembra + 25% de la dosis 30 días después de la siembra, T6 - Testigo sin fertilización superficie). Se ha evaluado la población de plantas, así como altura, inserción de la primera vaina, número total de vainas por planta, peso de mil granos (PMG) y la productividad media de cada tratamiento. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que no hubo diferencia estadística entre los tratamientos en las características agronómicas evaluadas, como productividad y PMG. Sin embargo, en la media final de los experimentos, se destacó el tratamiento T4: Superficie a lance 50% de la dosis 15 días después de la plantación + 50% de la dosis 30 días después de la siembra, difiriendo 575 kg ha-1 del menor valor obtenido. Siendo éste un indicativo para la toma de decisión en el tipo de manejo referente a la fertilización potásica en cobertura por el productor rural. Con fertilización potásica aumentó el número de plantas y el fraccionamiento de la aplicación de potasio indujo el aumento del número de vainas por plantas. Se concluye que la aplicación total de la dosis potásica 30 días después de la siembra, obtuvo mayor valor en término de inserción de la primera vaina y altura de la planta.(AU)

Resposta da soja à épocas de aplicação de potássio em cobertura / Soybean response to potassium application in coverage / Respuesta de la soja a las épocas de aplicación de potasio en cobertura

A cultura da soja teve uma grande expansão nos últimos anos, impulsionando novas fronteiras agrícolas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da época de aplicação de K na produtividade da soja. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, envolvendo seis manejos (tratamentos) com época de aplicação (T1 - Superfície/a lanço 15 dias após o plantio, T2 - Superfície/a lanço no plantio, T3 - Superfície/a lanço 30 dias após o plantio, T4 - Superfície/a lanço 50% da dose 15 dias após o plantio + 50% da dose 30 dias após o plantio, T5 - Superfície/a lanço 50 % da dose no plantio + 25% da dose 15 dias após o plantio + 25% da dose 30 dias após o plantio, T6 - Testemunha sem adubação superfície). Foi avaliada a população de plantas, bem como altura, inserção da primeira vagem, número total de vagens por planta, peso de mil grãos (PMG) e a produtividade média de cada tratamento. Os dados obtidos demonstram que não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos nas características agronômicas avaliadas, como produtividade e PMG. Porém, na média final dos experimentos, destacou-se o tratamento T4: Superfície a lanço 50% da dose 15 dias após o plantio + 50% da dose 30 dias após o plantio, diferindo 575 kg ha­1 do menor valor obtido, sendo este um indicativo para a tomada de decisão no tipo de manejo referente à adubação potássica em cobertura pelo produtor rural. Com adubação potássica aumentou o número de plantas e o parcelamento da aplicação de potássio induziu o aumento do número de vagens por plantas. Conclui-se que a aplicação total da dose potássica 30 dias após o plantio, obteve o maior valor em termo de inserção da primeira vagem e altura de planta.(AU)

The soybean crop has drastically expanded in recent years, opening new agricultural frontiers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application time of Potassium (K) on soybean yield. The experiment was developed using a randomized block design, with four repetitions: T1- Surface/topdressing 15 days after planting, T2 - Surface/topdressing at planting, T3 ­ Surface/topdressing 30 days after planting, T4 - Surface/topdressing 50% dose 15 days after planting + 50% dose 30 days after planting, T5 - Surface/topdressing 50% dose at planning + 25% dose 15 days after planting + 25% dose 30 days after planting, T6 - control without surface fertilization). The population of plants, their height, insertion of the first pod, total number of pods per plant, weight of a thousand grains (WTG) and average yield of each treatment were assessed. The data obtained show that no statistical differences were found among the treatments in the agronomic characteristics assessed, such as productivity and WTG. However, in the final means of the experiments, treatment T4 was highlighted: surface topdressing 50% of the dose 15 days after planting + 50% dose 30 days after planting resulted in a difference of 575 kg ha­1 when compared to the lowest value obtained, being an indicative for a decision on the type of handling regarding topdressing potassium fertilization by the producer. Potassium fertilization increased the number of plants, and the splitting of the potassium application induced an increase in the number of pods per plant. Therefore, it can be concluded that the full application of the potassium dose 30 days after the planting obtained the highest value in term of insertion of the first pod and height of plant.(AU)

La cultura de la soja ha tenido una gran expansión en los últimos años, impulsando nuevas fronteras agrícolas. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar el efecto de la época de aplicación de K en la productividad de la soja. El delineamiento experimental fue en bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, involucrando seis manejos (tratamientos) con época de aplicación. (T1 - Superficie/a lance 15 días después de la siembra, T2 - Superficie/a lance en el plantío, T3 - Superficie/a lance 30 días después de la siembra, T4 - Superficie/a lanza 50% de la dosis 15 días después de la plantación + 50% de la dosis 30 días después de la siembra, T5 - Superficie/a lanza 50% de la dosis en la siembra + 25% de la dosis 15 días después de la siembra + 25% de la dosis 30 días después de la siembra, T6 - Testigo sin fertilización superficie). Se ha evaluado la población de plantas, así como altura, inserción de la primera vaina, número total de vainas por planta, peso de mil granos (PMG) y la productividad media de cada tratamiento. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que no hubo diferencia estadística entre los tratamientos en las características agronómicas evaluadas, como productividad y PMG. Sin embargo, en la media final de los experimentos, se destacó el tratamiento T4: Superficie a lance 50% de la dosis 15 días después de la plantación + 50% de la dosis 30 días después de la siembra, difiriendo 575 kg ha-1 del menor valor obtenido. Siendo éste un indicativo para la toma de decisión en el tipo de manejo referente a la fertilización potásica en cobertura por el productor rural. Con fertilización potásica aumentó el número de plantas y el fraccionamiento de la aplicación de potasio indujo el aumento del número de vainas por plantas. Se concluye que la aplicación total de la dosis potásica 30 días después de la siembra, obtuvo mayor valor en término de inserción de la primera vaina y altura de la planta.(AU)

Biologia sintética aplicada na agropecuária, química e farmácia: uma revisão / Synthetic biology applied in agriculture, chemistry and pharmacy: a review / Biología sintética aplicada en la agropecuaria, química y farmacia: una revisión

A biologia sintética é uma ciência que está crescendo em estudos de pesquisas devido à capacidade que tem de criar organismos e micro-organismos vivos que produzam uma função que naturalmente não realizam. Pesquisadores têm se mostrado eficientes na criação de genes em laboratórios por meio do código da vida e sintetizadores, padronizando genomas com um determinado fim. A agronomia, química e farmácia têm sido as grandes áreas que essa ciência vem sendo desenvolvida. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica relatando alguns desenvolvimentos produzidos pelos pesquisadores das áreas afins. Com a biologia sintética foi possível a utilização de bactérias contra células cancerígenas, bactérias que produz biocombustível, assim como antibióticos produzidos por bactérias, entre outros.(AU)

The number of research studies in synthetic biology is increasing due to its capacity of creating live organisms and micro-organisms that can produce features that are not naturally produced. Researchers have been efficient in creating genes in laboratory through the code of life and synthesizers, standardizing genomes for a given purpose. Agriculture, chemistry and pharmacy have been the main areas developed by this science. Therefore, this study had the purpose of performing a literature review reporting some of the developments produced by researchers in the correlated areas. Synthetic biology enabled the use of bacteria against cancer cells, bacteria that can produce biofuel, as well as bacteria-produced antibiotics, among others.(AU)

La biología sintética es una ciencia que está creciendo en estudios de investigación debido a la capacidad que tiene de crear organismos y microorganismos vivos que produzcan una función que naturalmente no realizan. Investigadores se han mostrado eficientes en la creación de genes en laboratorios a través del código de la vida y sintetizadores, estandarizando genomas con un determinado fin. La agronomía, química y farmacia han sido las grandes áreas que esta ciencia viene siendo desarrollada. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una investigación bibliográfica relatando algunos desarrollos producidos por los investigadores de las áreas afines. Con la biología sintética fue posible el uso de bacterias contra células cancerígenas, bacterias que producen biocombustibles, así como antibióticos producidos por bacterias, entre otros.(AU)

Inoculação de diferentes doses de Bradyrhizobium por cobertura e seu efeito na cultura da soja / Inoculation by different doses of Bradyrhizobium by side dressing and its effect on Soybean / Inoculación de diferentes dosis de Bradyrhizobium por cubierta y su efecto en la Cultura de la soja

A soja é a cultura que mais cresceu no Brasil, com grande destaque para o agronegócio. Sendo o nutriente mais requerido, o nitrogênio, torna se necessário muitas vezes a utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados e como uma alternativa sustentável, recomenda-se a inoculação com Bradyrhizobium realizando desse modo a fixação biológica de nitrogênio. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os benefícios da inoculação de Bradyrhizobium na cultura da soja, pela pulverização em cobertura, na nodulação, no desenvolvimento das plantas e na produtividade. Foram conduzidos quatro tratamentos com design inteiramente casualizado e com quatro repetições, sendo tratamento 1 (controle) isento de pulverização, o segundo com pulverização de 500 mL ha­1, o terceiro de 1000 mL ha­1 e o quarto de 1500 mL ha­1 do inoculante com Bradyrhizobium. O número de sacas ha­1 com a inoculação de Bradyrhizobium por pulverização de 1500 mL ha­1 foi de 59 sacas. Reificouse ainda, aumentos significativos (p ≤ 0,05), sendo de 180,65 para número de nódulos, 4,44 g planta­1 para massa seca dos nódulos, 17,30 g planta­1 para massa seca das raízes e de 64,33 g planta­1 para massa seca da parte aérea em comparação com o tratamento controle, evidenciando o maior rendimento de soja para este tratamento. Conclui-se, portanto que a inoculação da soja com 1500 mL ha­1 de Bradyrhizobium em pulverização por cobertura, é a mais eficiente diante dos parâmetros testados no desenvolvimento e produção da soja.(AU)

The cultivation of soybean has presented the greatest increase in Brazil, with strong emphasis on agribusiness. Since nitrogen is the most required nutrient, nitrogen fertilizers are sometimes necessary. As a sustainable alternative, the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium is recommended, which can perform the biological fixation of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of Bradyrhizobium inoculation in soybean crop, by spraying on its side dressing, nodulation, plant development and on productivity. Four treatments were carried out with a completely randomized design with four replications. The first treatment was left spray-free, the second was sprayed with 500 mL ha­1, the third with 1000 mL ha­1, and the fourth with 1500 mL ha­1 of the Bradyrhizobium inoculant. A total of 59 bags ha­1 were harvested with the application of the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium by spraying 1500 mL ha­1, and significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) were observed, namely 180.65 nodules, 4.44 g plant­1 for nodule dry matter, 17.30 g plant­1 for root dry matter, and 64.33 g plant­1 for shoot dry matter when compared to the control treatment, evidencing the higher soybean yield for this treatment. It can be concluded that the inoculation of soybean with 1500 mL ha­1 Bradyrhizobium in spray by side dressing is the most efficient in the tested parameters for the development and production of soybean.(AU)

La soja es la cultura que más creció en Brasil, con gran destaque para el agronegocio. Con el nutriente más requerido el nitrógeno, se hace necesario a menudo la utilización de fertilizantes nitrogenados y como una alternativa sostenible, se recomienda la inoculación con Bradyrhizobium realizando de ese modo la fijación biológica de nitrógeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los beneficios de la inoculación de Bradyrhizobium en el cultivo de la soja, la pulverización en cobertura, la nodulación, el desarrollo de las plantas y la productividad. Se realizaron cuatro tratamientos con diseño completamente casualizado y con cuatro repeticiones, siendo tratamiento 1 (control) exento de pulverización, el segundo con pulverización de 500 mL ha-1, el tercero de 1000 mL ha-1 y el cuarto de 1500 mL ha-1 del inoculante con Bradyrhizobium. El número de sacas ha-1 con la inoculación de Bradyrhizobium por pulverización de 1500 mL ha-1 fue de 59 sacas Se observaron también aumentos significativos (p ≤ 0,05), siendo de 180,65 para número de nódulos, 4,44 g planta-1 para masa seca de los nódulos, 17,30 g planta-1 para masa seca de las raíces y de 64,33 g planta-1 para masa seca de la parte aérea en comparación con el tratamiento control, evidenciando mayor rendimiento de soja para este tratamiento. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que la inoculación de la soja con 1500 mL ha-1 de Bradyrhizobium en pulverización por cubierta es la más eficiente, frente a los parámetros probados en el desarrollo y producción de la soja.(AU)

Inoculação de diferentes doses de Bradyrhizobium por cobertura e seu efeito na cultura da soja / Inoculation by different doses of Bradyrhizobium by side dressing and its effect on Soybean / Inoculación de diferentes dosis de Bradyrhizobium por cubierta y su efecto en la Cultura de la soja

A soja é a cultura que mais cresceu no Brasil, com grande destaque para o agronegócio. Sendo o nutriente mais requerido, o nitrogênio, torna se necessário muitas vezes a utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados e como uma alternativa sustentável, recomenda-se a inoculação com Bradyrhizobium realizando desse modo a fixação biológica de nitrogênio. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os benefícios da inoculação de Bradyrhizobium na cultura da soja, pela pulverização em cobertura, na nodulação, no desenvolvimento das plantas e na produtividade. Foram conduzidos quatro tratamentos com design inteiramente casualizado e com quatro repetições, sendo tratamento 1 (controle) isento de pulverização, o segundo com pulverização de 500 mL ha­1, o terceiro de 1000 mL ha­1 e o quarto de 1500 mL ha­1 do inoculante com Bradyrhizobium. O número de sacas ha­1 com a inoculação de Bradyrhizobium por pulverização de 1500 mL ha­1 foi de 59 sacas. Reificouse ainda, aumentos significativos (p ≤ 0,05), sendo de 180,65 para número de nódulos, 4,44 g planta­1 para massa seca dos nódulos, 17,30 g planta­1 para massa seca das raízes e de 64,33 g planta­1 para massa seca da parte aérea em comparação com o tratamento controle, evidenciando o maior rendimento de soja para este tratamento. Conclui-se, portanto que a inoculação da soja com 1500 mL ha­1 de Bradyrhizobium em pulverização por cobertura, é a mais eficiente diante dos parâmetros testados no desenvolvimento e produção da soja.(AU)

The cultivation of soybean has presented the greatest increase in Brazil, with strong emphasis on agribusiness. Since nitrogen is the most required nutrient, nitrogen fertilizers are sometimes necessary. As a sustainable alternative, the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium is recommended, which can perform the biological fixation of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of Bradyrhizobium inoculation in soybean crop, by spraying on its side dressing, nodulation, plant development and on productivity. Four treatments were carried out with a completely randomized design with four replications. The first treatment was left spray-free, the second was sprayed with 500 mL ha­1, the third with 1000 mL ha­1, and the fourth with 1500 mL ha­1 of the Bradyrhizobium inoculant. A total of 59 bags ha­1 were harvested with the application of the inoculation of Bradyrhizobium by spraying 1500 mL ha­1, and significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) were observed, namely 180.65 nodules, 4.44 g plant­1 for nodule dry matter, 17.30 g plant­1 for root dry matter, and 64.33 g plant­1 for shoot dry matter when compared to the control treatment, evidencing the higher soybean yield for this treatment. It can be concluded that the inoculation of soybean with 1500 mL ha­1 Bradyrhizobium in spray by side dressing is the most efficient in the tested parameters for the development and production of soybean.(AU)

La soja es la cultura que más creció en Brasil, con gran destaque para el agronegocio. Con el nutriente más requerido el nitrógeno, se hace necesario a menudo la utilización de fertilizantes nitrogenados y como una alternativa sostenible, se recomienda la inoculación con Bradyrhizobium realizando de ese modo la fijación biológica de nitrógeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los beneficios de la inoculación de Bradyrhizobium en el cultivo de la soja, la pulverización en cobertura, la nodulación, el desarrollo de las plantas y la productividad. Se realizaron cuatro tratamientos con diseño completamente casualizado y con cuatro repeticiones, siendo tratamiento 1 (control) exento de pulverización, el segundo con pulverización de 500 mL ha-1, el tercero de 1000 mL ha-1 y el cuarto de 1500 mL ha-1 del inoculante con Bradyrhizobium. El número de sacas ha-1 con la inoculación de Bradyrhizobium por pulverización de 1500 mL ha-1 fue de 59 sacas Se observaron también aumentos significativos (p ≤ 0,05), siendo de 180,65 para número de nódulos, 4,44 g planta-1 para masa seca de los nódulos, 17,30 g planta-1 para masa seca de las raíces y de 64,33 g planta-1 para masa seca de la parte aérea en comparación con el tratamiento control, evidenciando mayor rendimiento de soja para este tratamiento. Se concluye, por lo tanto, que la inoculación de la soja con 1500 mL ha-1 de Bradyrhizobium en pulverización por cubierta es la más eficiente, frente a los parámetros probados en el desarrollo y producción de la soja.(AU)

Biologia sintética aplicada na agropecuária, química e farmácia: uma revisão / Synthetic biology applied in agriculture, chemistry and pharmacy: a review / Biología sintética aplicada en la agropecuaria, química y farmacia: una revisión

A biologia sintética é uma ciência que está crescendo em estudos de pesquisas devido à capacidade que tem de criar organismos e micro-organismos vivos que produzam uma função que naturalmente não realizam. Pesquisadores têm se mostrado eficientes na criação de genes em laboratórios por meio do código da vida e sintetizadores, padronizando genomas com um determinado fim. A agronomia, química e farmácia têm sido as grandes áreas que essa ciência vem sendo desenvolvida. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica relatando alguns desenvolvimentos produzidos pelos pesquisadores das áreas afins. Com a biologia sintética foi possível a utilização de bactérias contra células cancerígenas, bactérias que produz biocombustível, assim como antibióticos produzidos por bactérias, entre outros.(AU)

The number of research studies in synthetic biology is increasing due to its capacity of creating live organisms and micro-organisms that can produce features that are not naturally produced. Researchers have been efficient in creating genes in laboratory through the code of life and synthesizers, standardizing genomes for a given purpose. Agriculture, chemistry and pharmacy have been the main areas developed by this science. Therefore, this study had the purpose of performing a literature review reporting some of the developments produced by researchers in the correlated areas. Synthetic biology enabled the use of bacteria against cancer cells, bacteria that can produce biofuel, as well as bacteria-produced antibiotics, among others.(AU)

La biología sintética es una ciencia que está creciendo en estudios de investigación debido a la capacidad que tiene de crear organismos y microorganismos vivos que produzcan una función que naturalmente no realizan. Investigadores se han mostrado eficientes en la creación de genes en laboratorios a través del código de la vida y sintetizadores, estandarizando genomas con un determinado fin. La agronomía, química y farmacia han sido las grandes áreas que esta ciencia viene siendo desarrollada. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una investigación bibliográfica relatando algunos desarrollos producidos por los investigadores de las áreas afines. Con la biología sintética fue posible el uso de bacterias contra células cancerígenas, bacterias que producen biocombustibles, así como antibióticos producidos por bacterias, entre otros.(AU)

Crescimento de Ruta graveolens l. Inoculada com micorrizas sob doses de fósforo / Growth of Ruta graveolens l. Inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under levels of phosphorus / Crecimiento del Ruta graveolens l. Inoculada con micorrizas bajo dosis de fósforo

Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) são micro-organismos que fazem simbiose com raízes da maioria das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos FMAs Rhizophagus clarus e Claroideoglomus etunicatum em substrato sob baixa e ou alta dose de fósforo (P), na produção de biomassa e na acumulação de P na arruda (Ruta graveolens L.). O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de botânica da Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR, município de Umuarama - PR. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em fatorial 3x2, sendo os fatores: FMAs (sem FMA, com R. clarus e ou com C. etunicatum); duas doses de P (20 e 200 mg kg-1) com 8 repetições por tratamento, num total de 48 unidades experimentais (vasos de 3 L). Avaliou-se a produção de massa seca das raízes (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MST) e o acúmulo de P na parte aérea da planta (PPA). A produção de MSR, MSPA e MST pela planta não foram significativamente afetadas apenas pela adição de P ao substrato, porém sim, pela inoculação com o FMA C. etunicatum, sob baixo e ou alto P. O acúmulo de P na parte aérea da planta foi aumentado significativamente no tratamento sem a inoculação com FMAs. Conclui-se que a inoculação com C. etunicatum é indicada para aumentar a produtividade da arruda.(AU)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are microorganisms that present symbiosis with the roots of most plants. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of AMF Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum on low and high doses of phosphorus (P) on plant biomass and P accumulation in rue (Ruta graveolens L.). The experiment was performed in the botanical laboratory at Universidade Paranaense ­ UNIPAR in the city of Umuarama, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. It used a completely randomized 3x2 experimental design, being: AMFs (without AMF, with R. clarus and/or with C. etunicatum); two levels of P (20 and 200 mg kg-1) with 8 repetitions per treatment, totaling 48 experimental units (3 L pots). Root dry matter (RDM), shoot dry matter (SDM), total dry matter (TDM) and P accumulation in the aerial part of the plant were evaluated. The production of RDM, SDM and TDM by the plant was not significantly affected by the addition of P to the substrate, but by the inoculation with AMF C. etunicatum under low and/or high P. The accumulation of P in the aerial part of the plant significantly increased in the treatment without AMF inoculation. It was concluded that inoculation with C. etunicatum is indicated to increase the productivity of rue.(AU)

Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) son microorganismos que forman simbiosis con las raíces de la mayoría de las plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del HMA Rhizophagus clarus y Claroideoglomus etunicatum en substrato so baja y/o alta dosis de fósforo (P), en la producción de biomasa y en la acumulación de P en la ruda (Ruta graveolens L.). El experimento se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio de botánica de la Universidad Paranaense - Unipar, municipio de Umuarama - PR. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, en un 3x2 factorial, con los factores: HMA (Sin HMA, con R. clarus y C. etunicatum); dos dosis de P (20 y 200 mg kg-1) con 8 repeticiones por tratamiento de un total de 48 unidades experimentales (vasos de 3 L). Se evaluó la producción de materia seca de las raíces (MSR), materia seca de la parte aérea (MSPA), materia seca total (MST) y la acumulación de P en la parte aérea de la planta (PPA). La producción de MSR, MSPA y MST por la planta no se vieron afectados significativamente sólo mediante la adición de P al sustrato, sino por inoculación con HMA C. etunicatum so bajo y/o alto P. El acúmulo de P en parte aérea de la planta se incrementó significativamente en el tratamiento sin inoculación con HMA. Se concluye que la inoculación con C. etunicatum está indicada para aumentar la productividad de la ruda.(AU)

Indicadores de qualidade do solo cultivado com café, pastagem e integração pastagem e eucalipto / Quality indicators of soil cultivated with coffee, pasture, and pasture and eucalyptus integration / Indicadores de calidad del suelo cultivado con café, pastaje e integración pastaje y eucalipto

A demanda crescente da utilização dos solos exige soluções que permitam incentivar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sem comprometer a sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes culturas como café, pastagem e manejo integrado de pastagem e eucalipto na qualidade química e microbiológica do solo. Foram analisados da parte química o pH do solo, nitrogênio, carbono orgânico total e fósforo do solo e da parte microbiológica foram analisados a densidade de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração basal do solo e coeficiente metabólico do solo qCO2. O pH do solo variou de 5,38 no manejo de pasto e eucalipto para 4,70 nas áreas cultivadas com pasto. A densidades de esporos de FMAs e o CBM na área de integração de pasto e eucalipto foram aumentados em relação à área cultivada com café, e o qCO2 foi aumentado com o cultivo do café, indicando que o cultivo de café eleva a condição de estresse do solo nas condições avaliadas. Concluindo, portanto, que as diferentes formas de uso e manejo das três áreas estudadas apontaram variações do comportamento de suas propriedades químicas e microbiológicas, entretanto, o manejo que se destacou foi a de eucalipto com a integração de pastagens, sendo mais sustentável.(AU)

The increasing demand for land use requires solutions that encourage its socio-economic development without compromising the sustainability of natural resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different crops such as coffee, pasture and the integrated management of pasture and eucalyptus in the chemical and microbiological quality of the soil. Chemical tests were performed to obtain the pH, nitrogen, total organic carbon, and phosphorus contents on the land, while microbiological parameters analyzed the density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR) and soil metabolic coefficient qCO2. The soil pH varied from 5.38 in the management of pasture and eucalyptus to 4.70 in the areas cultivated with only pasture. The density of AMF spores and the MBC were higher in the pasture and eucalyptus integration when compared with coffee cultivation; the qCO2 in soil with coffee was higher than that found for the integration of pasture and eucalyptus. Those results indicate that coffee cultivated in those conditions increase stress in the soil due to higher SBR. It can be concluded that the different forms of use and management of the three studied areas show variations in the behavior of the chemical and microbiological properties in the soil, and eucalyptus with pasture integration presents a better sustainable soil management.(AU)

La demanda creciente de utilización del suelo exige soluciones que permitan incentivar el desarrollo socioeconómico sin comprometer la sustentabilidad de los recursos naturales. Así, el objetivo de ese estudio ha sido evaluar los efectos de diferentes culturas como café, pastaje y manejo integrado de pastaje y eucalipto en la calidad química y microbiológica del suelo. Se analizaron de la parte química, el pH del suelo, nitrógeno, carbono orgánico total y fosforo del suelo, y de la parte microbiológica se analizaron la densidad de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono de la biomasa microbiana (CBM), respiración basal del suelo y coeficiente metabólico del suelo qCO2. El pH del suelo osciló de 5,38 en el manejo de pasto y eucalipto para 4,70 las áreas cultivadas con pasto. La densidad de esporos de FMAs y el CBM en el área de integración de pasto y eucalipto han aumentado en relación al área cultivada con café, y el qCO2 fue aumentado con el cultivo de café, indicando que el cultivo de café eleva la condición de estrés del suelo en las condiciones evaluadas. Concluyendo, por lo tanto, que las diferentes formas de uso y manejo de las tres áreas estudiadas, apuntaron variaciones de comportamiento de sus propiedades químicas y microbiológicas, entretanto el manejo que se destacó fue la del eucalipto con la integración de pastajes, siendo más sostenible.(AU)

Indicadores de qualidade do solo cultivado com café, pastagem e integração pastagem e eucalipto / Quality indicators of soil cultivated with coffee, pasture, and pasture and eucalyptus integration / Indicadores de calidad del suelo cultivado con café, pastaje e integración pastaje y eucalipto

A demanda crescente da utilização dos solos exige soluções que permitam incentivar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico sem comprometer a sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes culturas como café, pastagem e manejo integrado de pastagem e eucalipto na qualidade química e microbiológica do solo. Foram analisados da parte química o pH do solo, nitrogênio, carbono orgânico total e fósforo do solo e da parte microbiológica foram analisados a densidade de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração basal do solo e coeficiente metabólico do solo qCO2. O pH do solo variou de 5,38 no manejo de pasto e eucalipto para 4,70 nas áreas cultivadas com pasto. A densidades de esporos de FMAs e o CBM na área de integração de pasto e eucalipto foram aumentados em relação à área cultivada com café, e o qCO2 foi aumentado com o cultivo do café, indicando que o cultivo de café eleva a condição de estresse do solo nas condições avaliadas. Concluindo, portanto, que as diferentes formas de uso e manejo das três áreas estudadas apontaram variações do comportamento de suas propriedades químicas e microbiológicas, entretanto, o manejo que se destacou foi a de eucalipto com a integração de pastagens, sendo mais sustentável.(AU)

The increasing demand for land use requires solutions that encourage its socio-economic development without compromising the sustainability of natural resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different crops such as coffee, pasture and the integrated management of pasture and eucalyptus in the chemical and microbiological quality of the soil. Chemical tests were performed to obtain the pH, nitrogen, total organic carbon, and phosphorus contents on the land, while microbiological parameters analyzed the density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR) and soil metabolic coefficient qCO2. The soil pH varied from 5.38 in the management of pasture and eucalyptus to 4.70 in the areas cultivated with only pasture. The density of AMF spores and the MBC were higher in the pasture and eucalyptus integration when compared with coffee cultivation; the qCO2 in soil with coffee was higher than that found for the integration of pasture and eucalyptus. Those results indicate that coffee cultivated in those conditions increase stress in the soil due to higher SBR. It can be concluded that the different forms of use and management of the three studied areas show variations in the behavior of the chemical and microbiological properties in the soil, and eucalyptus with pasture integration presents a better sustainable soil management.(AU)

La demanda creciente de utilización del suelo exige soluciones que permitan incentivar el desarrollo socioeconómico sin comprometer la sustentabilidad de los recursos naturales. Así, el objetivo de ese estudio ha sido evaluar los efectos de diferentes culturas como café, pastaje y manejo integrado de pastaje y eucalipto en la calidad química y microbiológica del suelo. Se analizaron de la parte química, el pH del suelo, nitrógeno, carbono orgánico total y fosforo del suelo, y de la parte microbiológica se analizaron la densidad de esporos de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs), carbono de la biomasa microbiana (CBM), respiración basal del suelo y coeficiente metabólico del suelo qCO2. El pH del suelo osciló de 5,38 en el manejo de pasto y eucalipto para 4,70 las áreas cultivadas con pasto. La densidad de esporos de FMAs y el CBM en el área de integración de pasto y eucalipto han aumentado en relación al área cultivada con café, y el qCO2 fue aumentado con el cultivo de café, indicando que el cultivo de café eleva la condición de estrés del suelo en las condiciones evaluadas. Concluyendo, por lo tanto, que las diferentes formas de uso y manejo de las tres áreas estudiadas, apuntaron variaciones de comportamiento de sus propiedades químicas y microbiológicas, entretanto el manejo que se destacó fue la del eucalipto con la integración de pastajes, siendo más sostenible.(AU)