Is there a relationship between knee crepitus with quadriceps muscle thickness and strength in individuals with patellofemoral pain? A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between knee crepitus, quadriceps muscle thickness and isometric strength in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with PFP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants with PFP underwent assessments for presence, frequency and severity of knee crepitus. Real-time ultrasound images of the quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis and lateralis) at rest and during contraction were obtained, muscle thickness was measured in both conditions. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction tests were performed to measure knee extensor strength. The relationship between knee crepitus and quadriceps muscle thickness and knee extensor strength was explored using logistic and linear regressions. RESULTS: Sixty individuals with PFP were included (age: 24; 60% women; 38% with crepitus). Knee crepitus severity was related to rectus femoris and vastus medialis thickness during rest (R2 = 0.19 and 0.09, respectively) and contraction (R2 = 0.16 and 0.07, respectively) and with vastus lateralis during contraction (R2 = 0.08). Isometric knee extensor strength was not related to knee crepitus presence, frequency, or severity. CONCLUSION: Higher severity of knee crepitus is related to lower quadriceps muscle thickness in individuals with PFP. There is no relationship between the presence and frequency of knee crepitus with quadriceps muscle thickness or knee extensor strength.

Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance among Prison Populations in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2022.

This study examines the epidemiological and genomic characteristics, along with the transmission dynamics, of SARS-CoV-2 within prison units I and II in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Conducted between May and October 2022, it reveals how the virus spreads in the confined settings of prisons, emphasizing the roles of overcrowded cells, frequent transfers, and limited healthcare access. The research involved 1927 participants (83.93% of the total prison population) and utilized nasopharyngeal swabs and RT-qPCR testing for detection. Contact tracing monitored exposure within cells. Out of 2108 samples, 66 positive cases were identified (3.13%), mostly asymptomatic (77.27%), with the majority aged 21-29 and varying vaccination statuses. Next-generation sequencing generated 28 whole genome sequences, identifying the Omicron variant (subtypes BA.2 and BA.5) with 99% average coverage. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the relationship between immunization levels and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 cases within this enclosed population. The findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive control strategies in prisons, including rigorous screening, isolation protocols, vaccination, epidemiological monitoring, and genomic surveillance to mitigate disease transmission and protect both the incarcerated population and the broader community.

Genomic epidemiology unveils the dynamics and spatial corridor behind the Yellow Fever virus outbreak in Southern Brazil.

Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in Brazil, our understanding of disease outbreaks is hampered by limited viral genomic data. Here, through a combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological models, we reconstructed the recent transmission history of YFV within different epidemic seasons in Brazil. A suitability index based on the highly domesticated Aedes aegypti was able to capture the seasonality of reported human infections. Spatial modeling revealed spatial hotspots with both past reporting and low vaccination coverage, which coincided with many of the largest urban centers in the Southeast. Phylodynamic analysis unraveled the circulation of three distinct lineages and provided proof of the directionality of a known spatial corridor that connects the endemic North with the extra-Amazonian basin. This study illustrates that genomics linked with eco-epidemiology can provide new insights into the landscape of YFV transmission, augmenting traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.

Dengue Fever Surveillance in Mato Grosso do Sul: Insights from Genomic Analysis and Implications for Public Health Strategies.

Since its discovery in early 1916, dengue fever, a common vector-borne illness in Brazil, has resulted in extensive urban outbreaks and poses a serious threat to the public's health. Understanding the dynamics of Dengue Virus (DENV) serotypes circulating in different regions of Brazil is essential for implementing effective disease control and prevention measures. In response to this urgent need, we conducted an on-site training program in genomic surveillance in collaboration with the Central Laboratory of Health and the Secretary of Health of the Mato Grosso do Sul state. This initiative resulted in the generation of 177 DENV genome sequences collected between May 2021 and May 2022, a period during which over 11,391 dengue fever cases were reported in the state. Through this approach, we were able to identify the co-circulation of two different dengue serotypes (DENV1 and DENV2) as well as the existence of diverse viral lineages within each genotype, suggesting that multiple introduction events of different viral strains occurred in the region. By integrating epidemiological data, our findings unveiled temporal fluctuations in the relative abundance of different serotypes throughout various epidemic seasons, highlighting the complex and changing dynamics of DENV transmission throughout time. These findings demonstrate the value of ongoing surveillance activities in tracking viral transmission patterns, monitoring viral evolution, and informing public health actions.

Increased interregional virus exchange and nucleotide diversity outline the expansion of chikungunya virus in Brazil.

The emergence and reemergence of mosquito-borne diseases in Brazil such as yellow fever, zika, chikungunya, and dengue have had serious impacts on public health. Concerns have been raised due to the rapid dissemination of the chikungunya virus across the country since its first detection in 2014 in Northeast Brazil. In this work, we carried out on-site training activities in genomic surveillance in partnership with the National Network of Public Health Laboratories that have led to the generation of 422 chikungunya virus genomes from 12 Brazilian states over the past two years (2021-2022), a period that has seen more than 312 thousand chikungunya fever cases reported in the country. These genomes increased the amount of available data and allowed a more comprehensive characterization of the dispersal dynamics of the chikungunya virus East-Central-South-African lineage in Brazil. Tree branching patterns revealed the emergence and expansion of two distinct subclades. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the northeast region has been the leading hub of virus spread towards other regions. Increased frequency of C > T transitions among the new genomes suggested that host restriction factors from the immune system such as ADAR and AID/APOBEC deaminases might be driving the genetic diversity of the chikungunya virus in Brazil.

Margaritaria nobilis L.f. (Phyllanthaceae) Ethanolic Extract: Low Acute Oral Toxicity and Antinociceptive Activity.

Margaritaria nobilis L.f. (Phyllanthaceae), a native Brazilian tree occurring mainly in the Amazon, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of abscesses (bark) and cancer-like symptoms (leaves). The present study evaluates the safety of its acute oral administration and its effects on nociception and plasma leakage. The chemical constitution of the leaf's ethanolic extract is determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS. Its acute oral toxicity is evaluated in female rats at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, evaluating the occurrence of deaths and Hippocratic, behavioral, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes, as well as food and water consumption and weight gain. Antinociceptive activity is evaluated in male mice with acetic-acid-induced peritonitis (APT) and formalin (FT) tests. An open field (OF) test is performed to verify possible interferences in the animals' consciousness or locomotion. LC-MS analysis shows the presence of 44 compounds classified as phenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids and O-glycosylated derivatives, and hydrolyzable tannins. No deaths or significant behavioral, histological, or biochemical changes are observed in the toxicity assessment. In nociception tests, M. nobilis extract significantly reduces abdominal contortions in APT, demonstrating selectivity for inflammatory components (FT second phase), not interfering in neuropathic components (FT first phase) or consciousness and locomotion levels in OF. Additionally, M. nobilis extract inhibits plasma acetic-acid-induced leakage. These data demonstrate the low toxicity of M. nobilis ethanolic extract, as well as its effectiveness in modulating inflammatory nociception and plasma leakage, possibly related to the flavonoids and tannins present in its composition.

Increased interregional virus exchange and nucleotide diversity outline the expansion of the chikungunya virus ECSA lineage in Brazil.

The emergence and reemergence of mosquito-borne diseases in Brazil such as Yellow Fever, Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue have had serious impacts on public health. Concerns have been raised due to the rapid dissemination of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) across the country since its first detection in 2014 in Northeast Brazil. Faced with this scenario, on-site training activities in genomic surveillance carried out in partnership with the National Network of Public Health Laboratories have led to the generation of 422 CHIKV genomes from 12 Brazilian states over the past two years (2021-2022), a period that has seen more than 312 thousand chikungunya fever cases reported in the country. These new genomes increased the amount of available data and allowed a more comprehensive characterization of the dispersion dynamics of the CHIKV East-Central-South-African (ECSA) lineage in Brazil. Tree branching patterns revealed the emergence and expansion of two distinct subclades. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the northeast region has been the leading hub of virus spread towards other regions. Increased frequency of C>T transitions among the new genomes suggested that host restriction factors from the immune system such as ADAR and AID/APOBEC deaminases might be driving CHIKV ECSA lineage genetic diversity in Brazil.

A Multiplex Nanopore Sequencing Approach for the Detection of Multiple Arboviral Species.

The emergence and continued geographic expansion of arboviruses and the growing number of infected people have highlighted the need to develop and improve multiplex methods for rapid and specific detection of pathogens. Sequencing technologies are promising tools that can help in the laboratory diagnosis of conditions that share common symptoms, such as pathologies caused by emerging arboviruses. In this study, we integrated nanopore sequencing and the advantages of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to develop a multiplex RT-PCR protocol for the detection of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and several orthoflaviviruses (such as dengue (Orthoflavivirus dengue), Zika (Orthoflavivirus zikaense), yellow fever (Orthoflavivirus flavi), and West Nile (Orthoflavivirus nilense) viruses) in a single reaction, which provides data for sequence-based differentiation of arbovirus lineages.

Agronomic feasibility of wheat and triticale cultivars in the semiarid of Minas Gerais state, Brazil / Viabilidade agronômica de cultivares de trigo e triticale na região semiárida do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

The production of winter cereals is becoming increasingly important in Brazil, largely due to advanced techniques that enable considerable qualitative and quantitative gains. This is due to plant breeding under different soil and climate conditions combined with proper management. The present study aims to assess the agronomic feasibility of growing wheat and triticale cultivars with two sowing times in the semiarid region of northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2018 at the Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (Institute of Agricultural Sciences) of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros campus. A randomized block design was used, with four replications and an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of eight genotypes (six wheat and two triticale cultivars) and two sowing times (April 21 and May 12, 2018). The irrigated production of wheat and triticale was agronomically feasible in the semi-arid region of Minas Gerais state and sowing time affected the main agronomic traits of interest of winter cereals. However, it is essential to study the economic feasibility of the crop. Sowing in April was the most indicated for wheat and triticale, with IPR Potyporã, IPR 144 and IPR 111 as the recommended cultivars.Key words: Agronomic traits. Triticum. aestivum L. X Triticosecale wittimack. Winter cereals.

A produção brasileira de cereais de inverno está ganhando cada vez mais importância, principalmente pelo uso de técnicas avançadas, o que permite um ganho qualitativo e quantitativo considerável. Isso ocorre em função do melhoramento genético nas diferentes condições edafoclimáticas associado ao manejo adequado dessas plantas. Assim, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade agronômica de cultivares de trigo e triticale em duas épocas de semeadura na região semiárida do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial 8 × 2, composto por oito genótipos (6 cultivares de trigo e 2 cultivares de triticale) e duas épocas de semeadura (21 de abril e 12 de maio de 2018). A produção irrigada de trigo e triticale no semiárido mineiro foi agronomicamente viável, e a época de semeadura afetou as principais características de interesse agronômico dos cereais de inverno. Porém, é fundamental estudar a viabilidade econômica para a indicação da cultura. A semeadura em abril foi a mais indicada para trigo e triticale, nesse caso, recomenda-se o uso das cultivares IPR Potyporã, IPR 144 e IPR 111.

The influence of iliotibial tract thickness on clinical outcomes in women with patellofemoral pain.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of iliotibial tract thickness by ultrasonography may help identify a key, previously unexplored factor that may contribute directly to the homeostasis imbalance of the femoropatellar joint in people with patellofemoral pain (PFP). OBJECTIVES: To compare the iliotibial tract thickness of people with PFP and asymptomatic people; and to correlate the iliotibial tract thickness with self-reported pain and function of people with PFP. METHODS: Eighty women, separated into two groups: PFP group (n = 40) and control group consisting of asymptomatic participants (CG; n = 40). The participants answered the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS) questionnaire, to identify the self-reported knee function; they evaluated the pain in millimeters by the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS). For the imaging evaluation, an ultrasound was used, with a linear transducer at the distal portion of the iliotibial tract (coronal plane), with the participants positioned in dorsal decubitus, with 20° of knee flexion. The iliotibial band was visualized in its long axis, and three sequential images were recorded between the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral tibial condyle. The measurements were normalized and correlated. RESULTS: The groups had no differences (P > 0.001) between participants for: age/weight/height/IMC. Participants in the PFP group had moderate levels of pain (58 + 2.1 mm), considerable self-reported functional limitation (d = 3.05) and greater iliotibial tract thickness compared with the CG (d = 2.41). CONCLUSION: The iliotibial tract of women diagnosed with PFP have greater thickness compared with asymptomatic women. There was no association between iliotibial tract thickness and subjective measures of pain and function.

Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil.

Brazil accounted for a total number of 1,276,194 reported cases of chikungunya fever between 2014 and 2022. Additionally, since 2015, the country has experienced an increasing death toll, in which the Northeast and Southeast regions appear to report the worst scenarios. Although the CHIKV transmission dynamics have been studied in many parts of the country since its introduction in 2014, little is still known about chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission and genetic diversity in the state of Minas Gerais, located in southeast Brazil. Moreover, no studies have been published characterizing CHIKV genomic surveillance in this state. Thus, to retrospectively explore the CHIKV epidemic in Minas Gerais, we generated 40 genomes from clinical samples using Nanopore sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that multiple introductions of CHIKV occurred, likely from the northeastern Brazilian states, with the most recent common ancestral strain dating to early March 2016, which is in agreement with local epidemiological reports. Additionally, epidemiological data reveals a decline in the number of reported cases from 2017 to 2021, indicating that population immunity or changes in vector activity may have contributed to the decreasing waves of CHIKV infection. Together, our results shed light on the dispersion dynamics of CHIKV and show that infections decreased from March 2017 to January 2021 despite multiple introductions into Minas Gerais State. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of combining genomic and epidemiological data in order to assist public health laboratories in monitoring and understanding the patterns and diversity of mosquito-borne viral epidemics. IMPORTANCE Arbovirus infections in Brazil, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika, result in considerable morbidity and mortality and are pressing public health concerns. However, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data. In this study, we combine epidemiological analysis and portable genome sequencing to retrospectively describe the CHIKV epidemic in Minas Gerais between 2017 and 2021. Our results indicate that the East/Central/South African (ECSA) CHIKV lineage was introduced into Minas Gerais by three distinct events, likely from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Our study provides an understanding of how CHIKV initiates transmission in the region and illustrates that genomics in the field can augment traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.

Retrospective Investigation in Horses with Encephalitis Reveals Unnoticed Circulation of West Nile Virus in Brazil.

During these past years, several studies have provided serological evidence regarding the circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil. Despite some reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the country. Recently, genomic monitoring activities in horses revealed the circulation of WNV in several Brazilian regions. These findings on the paucity of genomic data reinforce the need for prompt investigation of WNV infection in horses, which may precede human cases of encephalitis in Brazil. Thus, in this study, we retrospectively screened 54 suspicious WNV samples collected between 2017 and 2020 from the spinal cord and brain of horses with encephalitis and generated three new WNV genomes from the Ceará and Bahia states, located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The Bayesian reconstruction revealed that at least two independent introduction events occurred in Brazil. The first introduction event appears to be likely related to the North American outbreak, and was estimated to have occurred in March 2013.The second introduction event appears to have occurred in September 2017 and appears to be likely related to the South American outbreak. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing the priority of WNV genomic monitoring in equines with encephalitis in order to track the dispersion of this emerging pathogen through the country.

Margaritaria nobilis L.F. (Phyllanthaceae): Ethnopharmacology and Application of Computational Tools in the Annotation of Bioactive Molecules.

Margaritaria nobilis is a shrubby species widely distributed in Brazil from the Amazon to the Atlantic Rainforest. Its bark and fruit are used in the Peruvian Amazon for disinfecting abscesses and as a tonic in pregnancy, respectively, and its leaves are used to treat cancer symptoms. From analyses via UHPLC-MS/MS, we sought to determine the chemical profile of the ethanolic extract of M. nobilis leaves by means of putative analyses supported by computational tools and spectral libraries. Thus, it was possible to annotate 44 compounds, of which 12 are phenolic acid derivatives, 16 are O-glycosylated flavonoids and 16 hydrolysable tannins. Among the flavonoids, although they are known, except for kaempferol, which has already been isolated from this species, the other flavonoids (10, 14, 15, 21, 24-26, 28-30, 33-35, 40 and 41) are being reported for the first time in the genus. Among the hydrolysable tannins, six ellagitannins present the HHDP group (6, 19, 22, 31, 38 and 43), one presents the DHHDP group (5), and four contain oxidatively modified congeners (12, 20, 37 and 39). Through the annotation of these compounds, we hope to contribute to the improved chemosystematics knowledge of the genus. Furthermore, supported by a metric review of the literature, we observed that many of the compounds reported here are congeners of authentically bioactive compounds. Thus, we believe that this work may help in understanding future pharmacological activities.

Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype, Brazil.

We used nanopore sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to identify a cosmopolitan genotype of dengue virus serotype 2 that was isolated from a 56-year-old male patient from the state of Goiás in Brazil. The emergence of a cosmopolitan genotype in Brazil will require risk assessment and surveillance to reduce epidemic potential.

A Retrospective Overview of Zika Virus Evolution in the Midwest of Brazil.

Since the introduction of the Zika virus (ZIKV) into Brazil in 2015, its transmission dynamics have been intensively studied in many parts of the country, although much is still unknown about its circulation in the midwestern states. Here, using nanopore technology, we obtained 23 novel partial and near-complete ZIKV genomes from the state of Goiás, located in the Midwest of Brazil. Genomic, phylogenetic, and epidemiological approaches were used to retrospectively explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the ZIKV-Asian genotype in this region. As a likely consequence of a gradual accumulation of herd immunity, epidemiological data revealed a decline in the number of reported cases over 2018 to 2021. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that multiple independent introductions of the Asian lineage have occurred in Goiás over time and revealed a complex transmission dynamic between epidemic seasons. Together, our results highlight the utility of genomic, epidemiological, and evolutionary methods to understand mosquito-borne epidemics. IMPORTANCE Despite the considerable morbidity and mortality of arboviral infections in Brazil, such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue fever, and yellow fever, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data to track and control the epidemic. In this study, we provide a retrospective reconstruction of the Zika virus transmission dynamics in the state of Goiás by analyzing genomic data from areas in Midwest Brazil not covered by other previous studies. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in this region and reveals a complex transmission dynamic between epidemic seasons. Together, our results highlight the utility of genomic, epidemiological, and evolutionary methods to understand mosquito-borne epidemics, revealing how this toolkit can be used to help policymakers prioritize areas to be targeted, especially in the context of finite public health resources.

Production and nutritional value of wheat and triticale cultivars in different harvest times in the Minas Gerais semiarid / Produção e valor nutricional de cultivares de trigo e triticale em diferentes épocas de colheita no semiárido mineiro

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive performance and nutritional value of forage of wheat and triticale cultivars at different harvest times in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais. Eight wheat cultivars and two triticale cultivars harvested at three stages of plant development were evaluated: Rubberization, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation. The experimental design adopted was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 10 × 3, with three replicates, 10 cultivars and 3 developmental stages for plant collection. The main agronomic characteristics and nutritional value were evaluated of forage of the cultivars under study. The study demonstrated the potential of wheat and triticale cultivation for forage in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais. The mean dry matter yield of wheat cultivars was 5.90 t ha-1, 7.85 t ha-1 and 7.98 t ha-1 and triticale 6.47 t ha-1, 9.97 t ha-1 and 10.5 t ha-1 for the rubber harvesting stages, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation, respectively. For the average crude protein content, the wheat cultivars showed 15.07%, 9.13%, 10.60% and the triticale cultivars showed 14.4%, 9.31% and 10.05% for the harvest stages of rubber formation, grain at the stage of soft mass and harvest maturation, respectively. When evaluating the average levels of total digestible nutrients, the wheat and triticale cultivars showed an average of 48.90% and 48.67% in the rubber harvesting stage and 42.68% and 49.60% in the grain in the mass stage suave and 44.43% and 42.90% at harvest maturation. The highest yield of digestible dry matter was observed with the cultivars harvested at the grain stage at the soft mass stage. Triticale IPR 111 and Wheat IPR PANATY had greater productive potential and better nutritional quality for use as forage.(AU)

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e valor nutricional da forragem de cultivares de trigo e triticale em diferentes épocas de colheita no semiárido Mineiro. Foram avaliados oito cultivares de trigo e duas cultivares de triticale colhidas em três estádios de desenvolvimento das plantas: no Emborrachamento, grão no estádio de massa macia e maturação de colheita. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 10×3, com três repetições sendo 10 cultivares e 3 estádios de desenvolvimento para colheita das plantas. Foram avaliadas as principais características agronômicas e o valor nutricional da forragem das cultivares em estudo. A pesquisa demonstrou o potencial do cultivo do trigo e triticale para forragem no semiárido de Minas Gerais. A produtividade média de matéria seca das cultivares de trigo foi de 5,90 t ha-1, 7,85 t ha-1 e 7,98 t ha-1 e triticale 6,47 t ha-1, 9,97 t ha-1 e 10,5 t ha-1 para os estádios de colheita de emborrachamento, grão no estádio de massa macia e maturação de colheita respectivamente. Para os teores médios de proteína bruta as cultivares de trigo apresentaram 15,07%, 9,13%, 10,60% e as cultivares de triticale 14,4%, 9,31% e 10,05% para os estádios de colheita de emborrachamento, grão no estádio de massa macia e maturação de colheita respectivamente. Ao se avaliar os teores médios de nutrientes digestíveis totais as cultivares de trigo e triticale apresentaram média de 48,90% e 48,67% no estádio de colheita de emborrachamento, 42,68% e 49,60% no grão no estádio de massa macia e 44,43% e 42,90% na maturação de colheita. A maior produtividade de matéria seca digestível foi observada com as cultivares colhidas no estádio de grão no estádio de massa macia. O Triticale IPR 111 e o Trigo IPR PANATY tiveram maior potencial produtivo e melhor qualidade nutricional para uso como forragem.(AU)

Influence of base saturation on buckwheat grain and flavonoid production / Influência da saturação por bases na produção de grãos e de flavonoides de trigo-mourisco

Fagopyrum esculentum is highly nutritious due to its proteins of high biological value and high fiber content. Its most relevant property is nonetheless its antioxidant activity, provided by the presence of flavonoids. It is an important pseudocereal in agriculture, animal production, and human food. The objective of study was to evaluate the grain yield and flavonoid production of Fagopyrum esculentum cultivars as a function of base saturation. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Treatments were represented by cultivars IPR 91 and IPR 92 and five base saturation levels (9, 31, 53, 75, and 97 %), in a factorial arrangement (2 × 5). Agronomic attributes and total-flavonoid and rutin contents and production were evaluated. Subsequently, the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Base saturation does not affect flavonoid production. However, base saturation influences shoot dry matter yield (maximum at 62.0% base saturation) and grain yield (maximum at 9.00%) in IPR 92. The higher-yielding cultivar is IPR 92. This is the first scientific report of base saturation in the species.(AU)

Fagopyrum esculentum é muito nutritivo por conter proteínas com alto valor biológico e alto teor de fibras, a propriedade mais relevante dele é a atividade antioxidante, devido à presença de flavonoides. É um pseudocereal importante na agricultura, produção animal e alimentação humana. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção de grãos e de flavonoides em cultivares de Fagopyrum esculentum em função da saturação por bases. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram as cultivares IPR 91 e IPR 92 e cinco saturações por bases (9, 31, 53, 75 e 97 %), em esquema fatorial (2 × 5). Foram avaliados atributos agronômicos e teor e produção de flavonoides totais e de rutina. Posteriormente os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas. Para a produção de flavonoides, a saturação por bases não influencia nos resultados. Porém, para a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (produção máxima aos 62,0 % de saturação por bases) e para a produção de grãos da IPR 92 (produção máxima aos 9,00 %), a saturação por bases influencia. A cultivar de maior produção é a IPR 92. Esse é o primeiro relato científico de saturação por bases da espécie.(AU)