The Effects of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) on Obesity-Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Prospective Observational Study from a Single Center.

PURPOSE: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on mid- to long-term regulation of blood glucose in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) MATERIALS AND METHODS : In this prospective and observational single-center study, a total of 234 patients with obesity and a diagnosis of T2DM who underwent LSG between 2015 and 2020 were evaluated. The demographics and laboratory data, consisting of body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and total weight loss (TWL%), were compared preoperative and postoperative at 12th and 18th months and annual follow-up for seven consecutive years. RESULTS: The mean age of 234 patients (female(n)/male(n):191/43) included in the study was 44.69±9.72 years, while the preoperative mean BMI, FPG, and HbA1c values were 47.9±6.82, 132.09±42.84 mg/dl, and 7.02±1.35% respectively. The mean rate of weight loss (TWL%), which was 34.7 in the 18 months, decreased to 23.15 in the 7th year. While the HbA1c % value was 7.02±1.35 in the preoperative, it was found 5.71 ± 0.75 (p<0.001) and 6.30 ± 1.77 (p<0.05) at the 18th month and 7th year after the operation, respectively. While the DM remission rate was 71.1% at the postoperative 18th month, it was 45.4% at the 7th year, despite the patients regaining weight in the follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that LSG resulted in high remission rates that continued for 7 years after the surgery, although sustained improvement or remission of diabetes despite some weight regain after the first 18 months.

Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on maternal and perinatal outcomes according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter, observational study of pregnant women who had undergone LSG between 2012 and 2021 was conducted. According to the IOM criteria, GWG was grouped as insufficient, appropriate, and excessive. RESULTS: A total of 119 pregnancies were included in this study. GWG was appropriate in 28 (23.5%), insufficient in 32 (26.9%), and excessive in 59 (49.6%) of the cases. The time from operation to conception was significantly longer in the excessive group than in the insufficient (P = 0.000) and appropriate groups (P = 0.01). The mean GWG was significantly higher in the excessive group than in the appropriate (P = 0.000) and insufficient groups (P = 0.000). When the groups were evaluated according to the IOM recommendations, no statistically significant difference were found between the groups regarding birthweight, gestational age (GA), preterm birth, and whether their child was small or large for their gestational age. Furthermore, there were no differences in terms of anemia and ferritin deficiency level at early pregnancy and predelivery between the groups. CONCLUSION: The GWG after LSG did not impact maternal and perinatal outcomes.

The Effects of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with a Body Mass Index below 35 kg/m².

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities are increasing all over the world. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has become the most common bariatric surgery in the world today, especially in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is one of the effective surgical methods. The present study aims to investigate the effects on glucose metabolism in patients following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: In this study, the files of 174 patients who had laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with a body mass index between 30-35kg/m2 between March 2013 and September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team in the preoperative period. Patients who met the criteria for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were operated according to American Metabolic and Bariatric Surgeons criteria. Demographic data, body mass index, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, homeostasis model insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were recorded. The patients were followed up with visits to the outpatient clinic scheduled for 1-3-6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean age of the 174 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was 39.57±9.40, and the mean body mass index was 32.70±2.65. 149 patients (85.6%) were female. The mean hospital stay was 3.1±0.7 days. When glucose, HbA1c, HOMAR-IR and insulin values of the patients were examined, it was observed that the decrease was statistically significant at 12 months follow-up. There was a significant decrease in body mass index compared to the preoperative period. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is an effective surgery on glucose metabolism in patients with a body mass index of 30-35kg/m2.

Benefits of Suture Reinforcement in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is gaining popularity. Although it has unique complications such as leakage, bleeding, and stenosis, it is a reliable procedure. A total of 1200 consecutive patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy and omentopexy between March 2013 and December 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Body mass index, age, sex, and postoperative complications were recorded in all patients. Of 1200 patients, 864 (72%) were female and 336 (28%) were male. The median age was 38 years (13 to 69 y). Preoperative median body mass index was found as 40.87 kg/m (30 to 88 kg/m). Operative complications included strictures which occurred in 16 (1.33%) patients, bleeding in 7 (0.58%), stapler line leaks in 3 (0.25%), wound infection in 1 (0.08%), fat necrosis in 1 (0.08%), splenic arterial injury in 1 (0.08%), and intra-abdominal abscess in 1 (0.08%) patient. There was no mortality. Sleeve gastrectomy and omentopexy is a safe procedure with low complication rates.

The Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease which is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. FibroScan is a noninvasive tool for liver stiffness measurement and controlled attenuation parameter to evaluate liver steatosis and fibrosis. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on liver steatosis and fibrosis. Of the 120 consecutive patients screened, 72 were enrolled in this study. FibroScan M probe and XL probe were used for the evaluation of liver steatosis and fibrosis. Fifty-two patients (72.2%) were female individuals and 20 (27.8%) were male individuals; the mean age was 37.9±10.4 years. Percentage of excess weight loss was significant at the third and sixth months: 57.2±18.3 (P<0.05) and 81.4±24.6 (P<0.05), respectively. Mean preoperative controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement values were 309.2±68.7 dB/m and 7.5±5.0 kPa, respectively, and significantly declined to 217.4±56.4 dB/m and 5.6±2.5 kPa, respectively, at sixth postoperative month (P<0.001 and <0.01, respectively). These results suggest that laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is associated with significant improvement in liver steatosis and fibrosis. Bariatric surgery has a beneficial effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in morbidly obese patients.

Timing of Gestation After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG): Does It Influence Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies?

AIM: We aimed to evaluate the effect of pregnancy timing after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on maternal and fetal outcomes. METHODS: Women with LSG were stratified into two groups with surgery-to-conception intervals of ≤ 18 months (early group) or > 18 months (late group). Only the first delivery after LSG was included in this study. We compared maternal characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes and adherence to the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendations for gestational weight gain (GWG) in the two groups. RESULTS: Fifteen patients conceived ≤ 18 months after surgery, with a mean surgery-to-conception interval of 5.6 ± 4.12 months, and 29 women conceived > 18 months following LSG, with a mean surgery-to-conception interval of 32.31 ± 11.38 months, p < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding birth weight, gestational age, cesarean deliveries (CD), preterm birth, whether their child was small or large for their gestational age, or in the need of neonatal intensive care. There was no correlation between mean weight loss from operation till conception, mean weight gain during pregnancy, and mean body mass index (BMI) at conception between birth weight in either study group. Inadequate and normal GWG was significantly higher in the early group, whereas excessive GWG was significantly higher in the late group (X2, 20.780; p = < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The interval between LSG and conception did not impact maternal and neonatal outcomes. Pregnancy after LSG was overall safe and well-tolerated.

Does Helicobacter pylori infection influence the major postoperative complication rate after sleeve gastrectomy? A retrospective cohort study in an endemic region.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter pylori infection is very common in Eastern countries. Little is known about the impact this infection has on bariatric surgery outcomes. This retrospective cohort study conducted on obese Turkish adults who underwent sleeve gastrectomy at a single center aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the effect of this infection on the rate of early major postoperative complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy for obesity between 2014 and 2015 and who had complete data were enrolled. A single surgeon performed all procedures. All resected specimens were sent to pathology for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 460 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 326 (71%) were female. The average (±standard deviation) age and body mass index were 37.5±10.0 years and 42.7±7.7 kg/m2, respectively. Histology revealed that 150 (33%) patients had H. pylori infection. The H. pylori-infected group developed two complications (leakage and intra-abdominal collection). The uninfected group developed three complications (all bleeding related). The two groups did not differ significantly regarding postoperative complication rates (1.3% vs. 1.0%; p=0.717). CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection did not affect the rate of early complications after sleeve gastrectomy. This suggests that H. pylori screening or eradication policy is not essential for asymptomatic candidates who have undergone sleeve gastrectomy.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Outcomes of 750 Patients: A 2.5-Year Experience at a Bariatric Center of Excellence.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gaining popularity worldwide. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the outcomes of a large cohort of patients with obesity who underwent LSG in a Bariatric Center of Excellence. All consecutive patients who underwent LSG between July 2013 and April 2016 were identified retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative variables and comorbidities were recorded. The study consisted of 750 patients. Their mean age was 37.4 years; 72% were women, and the mean body mass index was 42.8 kg/m. The most common preoperative comorbidities were diabetes (23.3%), hyperlipidemia (21.9%), hypertension (21.1%), and obstructive sleep apnea (21.1%). The rates of comorbidity resolution during follow-up were 80.6%, 74.4%, 82.9%, and 94.3%, respectively. The percentage average excess weight loss 1, 3, and 6 months and 1 and 2 years after surgery was 29.4%±11.3%, 54.4%±17.7%, 76.9%±20.9%, 85.5%±23.6%, and 89.7%±27.6%, respectively. There was no mortality. LSG effectively and safely induced weight loss and comorbidity resolution.

The Comparison of Four-Port, Two-Port Without Suspension Suture and Single Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Results.

BACKGROUND: Single-port surgery has recently become popular, however, many surgeons have to use additional ports during the surgery due to difficulties. OBJECTIVES: We performed two-port MCAP (with an additional port using a multi-channel device through the umbilicus) without a suspension suture in a group of patients. We compared the results of this technique to the LC and SILC techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with gallbladder disease were included in the study. LC (n = 30) and SILC (n = 30) were performed in two groups. The other group underwent cholecystectomy (MCAP) by using an additional 5 mm port through the subxiphoid region with a multi-channel port through the transumblical. A transabdominal suspension suture was not used for the patients in this group. The surgery duration, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization, visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the postoperative 1st and 7th day, need for analgesia in the postoperative period and complications, and the conversion rate were compared between the three methods. RESULTS: A total of 62 females (68.9%) and 28 males (31.1%) participated in the study. MCAP duration was significantly shorter than LC and SILC (38.1 ± 16.6, 49.4 ± 15.8, 77.8 ± 26.7 min respectively) (p < 0.05). The conversion rate was similar in all three groups. Hernia developed in the port area in two patients after SILC (6.7%). No significant difference was found between the groups for the other data we compared. CONCLUSIONS: MCAP seems to be an easier technique with a shorter operation time compared to the other two techniques. However, there is a need for other studies to evaluate the cosmetic results.

Improved Gustatory Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Patients After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: The reduction in the preferences for sweet and fat containing tastes in obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery was relatively well shown; however, there are only limited data on the changes in the sensitivity of other tastes like sour, salty, and bitter. METHODS: We investigated the changes in gustatory sensitivity of 52 morbidly obese patients (M/F, 22/30; age range, 19-60 years; BMI range, 32.5-63.0 kg/m(2)) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The surgery was performed by the same surgeon using 5 ports technique. Gustatory sensitivity was tested preoperatively and 1 and 3 months after the surgery using standardized Taste Strips test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the taste acuity to sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastants in morbidly obese patients after the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy during the follow-up period of 3 months. Median whole test scores of the patients were increased from 11.5 preoperatively to 14 in the first and third months. CONCLUSION: In this study, we were able to show the significant improvement in gustatory sensitivity of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the first time in literature.

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Improves Olfaction Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Patients.

BACKGROUND: Olfactory abilities of the patients are known to be altered by eating and metabolic disorders, including obesity. There are only a number of studies investigating the effect of obesity on olfaction, and there is limited data on the changes in olfactory abilities of morbidly obese patients after surgical treatment. Here we investigated the changes in olfactory abilities of 54 morbidly obese patients (M/F, 22/32; age range 19-57 years; body mass index (BMI) range 30.5-63.0 kg/m(2)) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. METHOD: A laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed by the same surgeon using five-port technique. Olfactory abilities were tested preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery using a standardized Sniffin' Sticks Extended Test kit. RESULTS: Analyses of variance indicated statistically significant improvement in T, D, and I scores of morbidly obese patients within time factors (preoperative vs. 1, 3, and 6 months; 1 vs. 3 and 6 months; and 3 vs. 6 months; p < 0.001 for all). There was a statistically significant improvement in overall TDI scores with an increase from 25 to 41 during the 6 months follow-up period (p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Here, for the first time in literature, we were able to show the significant improvement in olfactory abilities of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Should appendectomy be performed laparoscopically? Clinical prospective randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been described in 1983, and its superiority over open appendectomy (OA) is still being debated. Currently, there is no agreement on the advantages of LA. Postoperative pain is reported to be lower along with a faster return to normal activities in LA. However, some studies do not support these findings. In our study, we aimed to compare the outcomes and cost effectiveness of LA and OA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were prospectively randomized into LA (31 patients) and OA (32 patients) groups. Demographic data, pre- and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, white blood cell (WBC) count, duration of surgery and hospitalization, complications, and pain scores (VAS) were recorded. Cost was calculated for both groups. Return to normal activities was evaluated by phone calls at the first and second week and 1 month after surgery. RESULTS: There was a significant postoperative decrease in WBC count in the LA group (p<0.01). There were no differences between LA and OA groups in terms of postoperative CRP levels (p>0.05). The rates of wound infection and abscess were similar (p>0.05), while post-operative pain and time to return to normal activities were higher in the OA group (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between BMI and operative time in the LA group (p<0.01), while BMI and operative time did not show a correlation in the OA group (p>0,05). The average cost in the LA and OA groups were 1960.5±339.05 and 687.115±159.5 TL, respectively. CONCLUSION: LA is an effective method in the treatment of acute appendicitis due to less pain and faster recovery. LA can be the choice of treatment in acute appendicitis, with utilization of re-useable and cheaper vascular sealing devices.

Difficulties of bariatric surgery after abdominoplasty.

During laparoscopy, the main problems of patients who have undergone previous abdominoplasty are inadequate pneumoperitoneum secondary to fibrosis and reconstructed anatomic landmarks for trocar placement. In this study, we present our laparoscopic bariatric experience in two patients with previous abdominoplasty. The procedures were a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and a robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Both operations were done successfully by an abdominal wall traction technique, cutting fibrotic tissue and choosing new landmarks. We conclude that after abdominoplasty bariatric surgery can be performed safely either using conventional laparoscopic technique or robotically.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis mimicking acute abdomen.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare disease. It was first described by Du Vernoy in 1793 during a cadaver dissection. Air-filled bubble-like lesions are located in the submucosa or the subserosa of the digestive tract. A 55-year-old Turkish male presented to the emergency department with complaints of recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. Free air was detected in abdominal x-ray and abdominal computed tomography (CT). In exploration, a grape-like lesion consisting of hundreds of cysts was detected on the surface of the small intestine. Bowel resection was performed successfully. The surgical findings and pathological result confirmed the diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

The effect of serosal suture reinforcement on burst pressure in sleeve gastrectomy specimens.

PURPOSE: Staple-line leak is a life-threatening complication of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Reinforcement materials have been reported to lower the risk of staple-line bleeding, but their effects on leak risk have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 supportive techniques on burst pressures in sleeved gastrectomy specimens. METHODS: A total of 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were evaluated. The resected sleeve gastrectomy specimens were categorized into 3 groups: group 1 had no extra support in the staple-line, group 2 had interrupted serosal suture on the staple-line, and group 3 had serosal suture on staple-line junction points. The endpoint was the first detectable leakage, at which point the leak pressure and anatomic site of the leakage were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 30 sleeved gastrectomy specimens were included (each group included 10 specimens). There were no differences between groups in terms of age, sex, and body mass index. The leak pressure was significantly higher (56.2±6.4 mm Hg) in group 2 (P<0.01). Leaks occurred significantly more frequently in the staple-line than in the staple-line junction points (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Interrupted serosal suture significantly increased the burst pressure. Increases in intraluminal pressure are known to be significant in leak etiology. Thus, we concluded that interrupted serosal suture may be beneficial in the prevention of leaks.

A comparison of single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy and an alternative technique without a suspension suture.

OBJECTIVE: Many surgeons face difficulties during single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) surgery and are forced to use an additional port. We compared the results of a technique that we developed with SILC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients who were diagnosed with chronic cholelithiasis were prospectively randomized and divided into two groups. An additional 5-mm port (MCAP: with an additional port using a multi-channel device through the umbilicus) was placed in the subxiphoid area instead of a transabdominal suspension suture in one group of patients. The other group was operated on with the SILC technique. The demographic and surgical data of the patients were compared. RESULTS: The MCAP technique shortened the surgery duration by more than half (MCAP: 35.0±12.3, SILC: 79.1±27.7 min) (p<0.05). No difference was found between the two methods in terms of estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization, postoperative day 1 and 7 visual analog scale scores, need for analgesia in the postoperative period, and rate of changing to another technique due to inadequacy of the surgical technique. CONCLUSION: MCAP is as safe as SILC for cholecystectomy and is easier for the surgeon to perform.

Food impaction in older age: Think about an eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an inflammatory condition of esophagus. It is generally seen in childhood and young population. Men are more commonly affected than women. However, it is not common in an advanced age. Eosinophilic esophagitis decreases the ability of the esophagus to stretch and accommodation against foods. Therefore, the major symptom in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis is difficulty in swallowing solid food (dysphagia). Specifically, the food gets stuck in the esophagus after it is swallowed. Less common symptoms include heartburn and chest pain. Because of this, it may be incorrectly diagnosed as a gastroesophageal reflux disease. Here, we reported a case presented with food impaction at advanced age. As a conclusion, eosinophilic esophagitis is a rare entity that must be remembered in advance aged patients presenting with food impaction.

Outcomes of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy.

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic techniques have gained wide clinical acceptance in surgical practice today. The laparoscopic approach has been established as the technique of choice for elective splenectomies performed on normal sized spleens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) at the TOBB University of Economics and Technology (ETU) Hospital and Kecioren Training and Research Hospital. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five patients underwent splenectomy between January 2000 and July 2010. For comparison, the records of 130 patients undergoing splenectomy were evaluated for age, gender, hospital stay, time to start of diet, conversion rate, operation time and wound infection. RESULTS: Mean operation time means the time interval between surgeon commencing operation to end of operation. Mean operation time in patients treated by LS was 132 minutes and 121 minutes in open splenectomy (OS). Mean hospital stay was 5.65 days in patients undergoing LS and starting of diet was 1.21 days. In patients treated by OS, mean hospital stay was 9.17 days, starting of diet was 2.37 days. Four patients were converted to open surgery. Conversion rate was 6.4 percent. In the early post operative period (within 10 days of surgery) 9.2%, LS group had lower incidences of wound infection rate after surgery than OS group (4.8%, 7.4%, respectively; P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: LS is a safe and effective alternative to OS for treatment of splenic diseases in patients of all ages.