RÉSUMÉ
Angiogenesis is a cornerstone in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. In the sorafenib era, other antiangiogenic targeted drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and a new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been shown in phase II trials to be safe and effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Several currently active phase III trials are testing these drugs, both in first- and second-line settings. Strategies to overcome primary and acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy are urgently needed. Novel biomarkers may help in improving the efficacy of drugs targeting angiogenesis.
Sujet(s)
Inhibiteurs de l'angiogenèse/usage thérapeutique , Carcinome hépatocellulaire/traitement médicamenteux , Tumeurs du foie/traitement médicamenteux , Anticorps monoclonaux/usage thérapeutique , Carcinome hépatocellulaire/vascularisation , Essais cliniques de phase III comme sujet , Humains , Tumeurs du foie/vascularisation , Néovascularisation pathologique/traitement médicamenteux , Nicotinamide/analogues et dérivés , Nicotinamide/usage thérapeutique , Phénylurées/usage thérapeutique , SorafénibRÉSUMÉ
Angiogenesis is a cornerstone in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. In the sorafenib era, other antiangiogenic targeted drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and a new generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been shown in phase II trials to be safe and effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Several currently active phase III trials are testing these drugs, both in first- and second-line settings. Strategies to overcome primary and acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy are urgently needed. Novel biomarkers may help in improving the efficacy of drugs targeting angiogenesis (AU)
Sujet(s)
Humains , Inhibiteurs de l'angiogenèse/usage thérapeutique , Carcinome hépatocellulaire/traitement médicamenteux , Tumeurs du foie/traitement médicamenteux , Anticorps monoclonaux/usage thérapeutique , Carcinome hépatocellulaire/vascularisation , Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet , Tumeurs du foie/vascularisation , Néovascularisation pathologique/traitement médicamenteux , Nicotinamide/analogues et dérivés , Nicotinamide/usage thérapeutiqueRÉSUMÉ
Evoked potentials (EP's) in response to phase-alternating gratings were recorded from normal and stereoblind or stereodefective subjects (adults and children) under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The amplitude of the binocular EP was found to exceed the larger monocular EP in normal but not in stereodefective subjects, no matter whether the amplitudes of the two monocular EP's were the same or not. This finding provides an objective method for screening out defects of binocular vision. EP's recorded from a group of infants 2 to 18 months old suggest that a larger amplitude of the binocular EP, as compared with the monocular EP's, is the norm even in the earliest period of life.
Sujet(s)
Potentiels évoqués , Réfraction oculaire , Vision/physiologie , Adulte , Amblyopie/diagnostic , Amblyopie/physiopathologie , Enfant , Latéralité fonctionnelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Myopie/diagnostic , Myopie/physiopathologie , OphtalmoscopesRÉSUMÉ
Two groups of children were screened by selected optometrical tests. Infants between the ages of 3 and 24 months and kindergarten children aged from 2 to 5 years were tested. The results indicated that meaningful data can be obtained from both groups and that the tests revealed visuosensory and visuomotor defects, correction of which at an early stage is not only desirable but, in most cases, essential.